Untitled Document

SYLLABUS

COURSE: Anth/Rel 444 SPIRITUAL ECOLOGY (Theory) 3 credits

TIME: 1:30-4:00 p.m. Tuesdays, Fall Semester 2006

PLACE: E203 Business Administration Building
University of Hawai`i at Manoa

INSTRUCTOR:

Dr. Les Sponsel, Professor of Anthropology
Director, Ecological Anthropology Program
and Spiritual Ecology Concentration

Office: Saunders Hall 317
Office hours: 1:00-4:00 Thursdays
Office phone: 956-8507
Email: sponsel@hawaii.edu

Web site: http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel
http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu

ORIENTATION:

“Throughout history, it [religion] has expressed the deepest questions human beings can ask, and it has taken a central place in the lives of virtually all civilizations and cultures.... Religion persists and is on the rise, even as scientific and non-religious perspectives have become prominent” (American Academy of Religion, “Why Study Religion?,” http://www.aarweb.org

“Most anthropologists like to think of themselves as scientists, and that of course includes anthropologists who study religion. But science is not only a way of gathering data and testing hypotheses; it is also a belief system in its own right.... the study of one belief system by proponents of another belief system is going to raise problems” (Morton Klass, 1995, Ordered Universes: Approaches to the Anthropology of Religion, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, p. xiii).

“The notion that fact can be cleanly separated from value is absurd. The notion that our understanding of the material world can be cleanly separated from our experience of the spiritual world is impossible. The magisteria [science and religion] are mixed, shuffled, irremediably joined” (Bruno Guiderdoni, astrophysicist at the Observatory of Lyon, France) [quoted in Science and Spirit May-June 2006 17(3):59].

“Contemporary spiritualities combine practices of particular religious traditions with concern for the global situation and the life of the planet.... are pluralistic and diverse; they search for a global ethic, are concerned with ecology, encourage the cultivation of healthy relationships, support feminism, and pursue peace.... Given the increasing scholarly attention in conferences and publications to the role of spirituality in contemporary culture, it is clear that the academy has recognized spirituality as a subject of study both within and independent of the study of religion” Mary N. MacDonald, 2005, “Spirituality,” The Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 13:8719, 8721.

“... the upsurge of Spirit is the only plausible way to stop the ecological destruction of our planet. Even people who have no interest in a communal solution to the distortions in our lives will have to face up [to] this ecological reality. Unless we transform our relationship with nature, we will destroy the preconditions for human life on this planet” (Rabbi Michael Lerner, 2000, Spirit Matters, Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing Company, Inc., p. 138).

[This is] “...one of the most important new areas of academic inquiry for the twenty-first century” (Richard Foltz, 2003, Worldviews, Religion, and the Environment: A Global Anthology, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, p. xv).

During the 1970s, developments like Earth Day, The Ecologist magazine, Friends of the Earth, Green Party, Greenpeace, and the Stockholm Environment Conference reflected a marked increase in international awareness, concerns, and actions about the growing environmental crisis in the world. However, after more than three decades this crisis is even worse with the discovery of new problems like acid rain, global warming, and biodiversity loss. Apparently the usual remedies are insufficient such as environmental science, technology, education, government, and politics. Since the 1990s, an accelerating number of diverse individuals and organizations have been turning to religion and spirituality as the last resort. This movement is not offered instead of previous approaches, but in addition to them as a complement, but one that finally will turn things around for the better. No particular religious or spiritual path is designated as the sole solution. Instead, scientists, scholars, educators, clerics, adherents, politicians, and others are each looking deeply into their own religion and/or spirituality for elements to construct more viable environmental worldviews, attitudes, values, and practices for themselves and others.

An exciting and promising whole new trans-disciplinary field here called spiritual ecology has been developing since the 1990s. It may be defined as a diverse and complex arena of intellectual and practical activities at the interface of religions and spiritualities on the one hand, and on the other, of ecologies, environments, and environmentalisms. Accordingly, in 1995, David Kinsley published the first major textbook on this subject, Ecology and Religion: Ecological Spirituality in Cross-Cultural Perspective. A year later Roger S. Gottlieb edited a monumental benchmark anthology, This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment, and in 2004 an expanded second edition was published.

A series of ten conferences on the world's religions and ecology were held at the Center for the Study of World Religions (CSWR) in the Harvard University Divinity School from May 1996 to July 1998. They were organized by Dr. Mary Evelyn Tucker and Dr. John Grim of the Department of Religion at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. These international conferences were collectively attended by more than 700 individuals. Most of the conferences were focused on a particular religion in relation to ecology and environmentalism: Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Daoism, Hinduism, Indigenous Traditions, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, and Shinto. Subsequently a substantial anthology with an extensive bibliography was published as a result of each conference by Harvard University Press (see below). The primary goal of these conferences and books is to outline the contours of a new multidisciplinary field of study in religion that also has implications for contemporary environmental ethics, public policy concerns, and related matters. In addition, three culminating conferences in the autumn of 1998 were held at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the United Nations in New York City invited by the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP), and at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. The Forum on Religion and Ecology (FORE) arose out of the ten conferences at the CSWR and was announced to the press at the United Nations following a symposium reporting on the conclusions of the Harvard series. FORE is now housed at the Center for the Environment(http://environment.harvard.edu/religion). The web site receives over 60,000 visitors monthly. Two similar organizations developed more recently: Canadian Forum on Religion and Ecology (http://rel.queeenssu.ca/cfore) and the European Forum for the Study of Religion and Environment (http://www.hf.ntnu.no/relnateur).

A second major initiative is the 2-volume Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, Dr. Bron Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, published by Continuum Press in 2005. With 518 authors and about 1,000 entries, this definitive reference work of global and comprehensive scope recapitulates and defines the parameters of discussion regarding nature religion, the natural dimensions of religion, and related matters including spiritual ecology. Beyond the printed encyclopedia, the ongoing website for this project provides extensive online resources (http://www.religionandnature.com see “Introduction and Reader’s Guide”). Furthermore, in 2003, Dr. Taylor and colleagues in the Department of Religion at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, launched an exciting new concentration on Religion and Nature in their graduate program (http://www.religion.ufl.edu). [Florida is one of two such programs, the other being the Spiritual Ecology Concentration within the Ecological Anthropology Program at UH also launched in 2003. SEC is available to undergraduate as well as graduate students, and Anth/Rel 444 Spiritual Ecology is the core course for this optional concentration www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel]. Moreover, in April 2006, the inaugural conference was held at the University of Florida for the new International Society for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture (http://www.religionandnature.com).

It is also noteworthy that since 1997 an entire international refereed academic journal focuses on aspects of spiritual ecology: Worldviews: Environment, Culture, and Religion (BL 65 .N35 W675) The purpose of this scholarly journal is to offer an interdisciplinary exploration of the environmental understandings, perceptions and practices of a wide range of different cultures and religious traditions. Disciplines represented include anthropology, environmental studies, geography, philosophy, religious studies, philosophy, sociology, and theology (http://www.brill.nl). Also a popular periodical, EarthLight: The Magazine of Spiritual Ecology, has been published for more than a decade now (http://www.earthlight.org). Another periodical starts in 2007, the Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, succeeding Ecotheology (http://www.religionandnature.com).

Proponents of religion as one important factor in reducing or resolving environmental problems argue that the root cause of the ongoing environmental crisis resides in concerns and choices that are ultimately moral, and that religion and spirituality can be decisive factors. Thus, this is not merely an academic matter. Indeed, practical action is underway in a remarkable number and variety of substantial programs and projects. As one example, since 1995 the Alliance for Religion and Conservation in association with the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) in the United Kingdom has developed numerous projects focusing on the linkage between sacred places in nature and biodiversity conservation (http://www.wwf.org.uk). One WWF accomplishment is the book Beyond Belief: Linking Faiths and Protected Areas to Support Biodiversity Conservation, by Dudley, Nigel, Lisa Higgins-Zogib, and Stephanie Mansourian, 2005 (December), London, UK: Worldwide Fund for Nature (http://www.panda.org). As a second example, in 1999 the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) sponsored publication of the monumental inventory Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity co-edited by anthropologist Darrell Addison Posey of OxfordUniversity and others (http://www.unep.org/Biodiversity). (Also below see Earth and Faith: A Book of Reflection and Action coedited for UNEP by Bassett, et al.).

From the above, it is obvious that substantial progress has been made in the development of basic and applied work in spiritual ecology including major international conferences, an international scholarly organization, two academic journals, major textbooks, web sites with substantial resources, two university programs with specialized courses, and so on. This is even more impressive because it has transpired mostly since the 1990s. Already it is feasible for someone to develop a whole career in teaching and/or research focused on spiritual ecology in general or in the case of a particular religion. The extensive resources listed in the full Schedule of this syllabus further document this extraordinary and promising development.

The present advanced seminar is a systematic, thorough, in-depth, and critical exploration and analysis of this flourishing, exciting, and promising new subject as a frontier for research, teaching, activism, and spirituality. Here at UH spiritual ecology is approached predominantly from the academic, scientific, and anthropological perspectives encompassing holism, culture, cross-cultural comparisons, and ethnographic fieldwork. However, the last section of the syllabus provides resources for individuals who may wish to pursue spiritual ecology beyond academic concerns for personal growth and welfare.

The term spiritual ecology is used simply because it is more inclusive than religion, referring to ideas and actions in this domain by individuals as well as organizations, and because it parallels the names of other primary approaches within ecological anthropology like historical ecology and political ecology.

FORMAT:

This course is primarily a seminar. While several lectures will be given with PowerPoint by the instructor on selected topics, most of the meetings will be focused on discussion by the class as a whole, subgroups, and panels. This class will systematically sample some of the most important literature on the subject through a division of labor among students in which, beyond the required readings, each individual may select their own individual combination of resources to pursue. Case studies will be discussed in class as part of a series of four panel presentations (Animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, selected other religions). Beyond a common core of required readings, this freedom of choice in pursuing other resources allows individual students to pursue their particular interests yet share their findings with the class as a whole.

See the “Guidelines for Panel” in this syllabus after the list of “Required Readings.”

This course is designated to satisfy the university oral communication skills requirement. Everyone can improve their oral communication skills, and everyone should help their colleagues in this endeavor through filling out in detail the peer evaluation forms in a friendly and constructive manner. These forms will be graded. Then the name of the evaluator will be removed and the forms given to the panel for their information. The evaluator will be given the grade for her or his evaluation, but the evaluators will be anonymous. A handout with detailed guidelines will be distributed for the panel and final presentations. Student participation in class discussions will also be taken into consideration as part of the oral communication skills training and course grade.

Students are required to be open minded as well as courteous and professional in class. Any student can say anything as long as it is relevant, concise, and polite. Being concise is important because time in class is very limited and therefore precious, and because everyone who wishes should have an opportunity to contribute to discussion, rather than one or a few persons dominating the class for an entire semester. The ideals of freedom and democracy apply in this class, even if they are restricted elsewhere.

The only prerequisite for this course is 200 Cultural Anthropology, although 415 Ecological Anthropology and/or 422 Anthropology of Religion would be helpful. However, most of all, the student simply needs an open mind together with intellectual curiosity and serious commitment.

OBJECTIVES:

The three primary goals of this course are to:

1. provide a systematic and in-depth cross-cultural survey of the relationships between religions and nature with an emphasis on an anthropological perspective;

2. allow each student to penetrate especially deeply into the ecology of the religion of her or his choice with an emphasis on its cultural and natural contexts; and

3. provide an inventory, primarily through this syllabus, of key resources on spiritual ecology including books, periodicals, articles, reference works, videos, and internet web sites for present and future study and research.

GRADING:

The final course grade will be calculated as follows:

1. A penetrating panel discussion on one of the books in the Religion and Ecology Series from Harvard University Press together with accompanying background information for two class periods (see Schedule) (50%);

2. an individual PowerPoint presentation of the conclusions from an approved research project for the final examination (December 12)(25%); and

3. class attendance together with active and meaningful participation in the discussion of assigned readings and other resources (25%).

These three aspects of the grade reflect the oral communication skills focus of this course. Except for filling in evaluation forms for the peer review of the panels and any handouts provided by the panel, there is no other written work in this course.

Student work will be evaluated for:

1. achieving the three objectives of the course;

2. general knowledge of all required reading assignments and of all material presented and discussed in the class including the four panels;

3. clear, concise, logical, analytical, and critical thinking,

4. regular, active, and meaningful participation in class discussions of assigned readings; and

5. progress in developing oral communication skills.

Undergraduate and graduate student work will be graded separately, and greater sophistication is expected for the latter. Graduate students are also expected to undertake extra readings of their choice in pursuing their own topical and regional interests.

Class attendance will be taken at each weekly class meeting at the beginning and again at the end of the period. Students are expected to arrive on time to class, to stay and remain attentive through the entire period (1:30-4:00), and to come to every single class meeting throughout the entire semester. An absence requires a convincing written excuse from an appropriate official source such as a medical doctor. The final course grade will be reduced by one whole letter grade for every two unapproved absences.

Any students who wish to sleep or to carry on private conversations should do so outside of the classroom to avoid distracting other students and the instructor. In short, like the instructor, students are expected to take this class seriously. Anyone who does not is wasting the time of other students and of the instructor; thus, they should drop the course immediately.

Extra credit may be earned by writing a one-page reaction (not summary) to a video, journal article, book chapter, lecture, or panel discussion from any of the material covered in the syllabus or class. Five high quality extra credit papers can make the difference for a borderline course grade (e.g., B+ to A-), while ten such papers can elevate the course grade to the next higher level (e.g., B to A). Other alternatives for more extra credit include writing a review of an extra book or a report based on library or field research, but, in any case, the specifics have to be approved in advance by the instructor. Thus, in principle, with enough high quality work any student can earn an A in this course.

READINGS:

Each student is required to read and discuss four books in common:

Bassett, Libby, John T. Brinkman, and Kusumita P. Pedersen, eds., 2000, Earth and Faith: A Book of Reflection for Action, New York, NY: United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Interfaith Partnership for the Environment (New UH Bookstore $15, Amazon.com $15.00, Used Amazon.com $11.40). Govt Doc UNEP Ea76

Gottlieb, Roger S., ed., 2004, This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment (Second Edition), New York, NY: Routledge (New $45, $42.95, Used 34.20, $32.65 used). [Be sure you use the Second Edition].

Gottlieb, Roger S., 2006, A Greener Faith: Religious Environmentalism and Our Planet’s Future, New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Amazon.com prices new $29.95 new, used $14.97).

McGrath, Alister, 2003, The Reenchantment of Nature: The Denial of Relgion and the Ecological Crisis, New York, NY: Doubleday/Galilee.
(New $14.00, $9.95, Used $10.65, $1.75).

These texts should be available in the UH Bookstore for anyone who may wish to purchase some of them. Furthermore, the UH Bookstore now makes available purchases online at: www.bookstore.hawaii.edu (successively click on Manoa, textbooks, Anthropology, 444 Spiritual Ecology, and Sponsel).

These books may also be available through local bookstores (e.g., Barnes and Noble, Borders) or an internet bookseller such as the following:

http://www.amazon.com

http://www.abebooks.com.

http://www.alibris.com

http://www.bestbookbuys.com

http://www.booksamillion.com

Students may reduce the cost of texts by purchasing used copies, reselling them at the end of the semester to the UH Bookstore or another outlet, or sharing them. (Note that the Gottlieb anthology published in 2004 is the Second Edition).

In addition, each student is required to select one of the following books for a report or panel discussion from the Religion and Ecology Series published by Harvard University Press in connection with the Forum on Religion and Ecology:

Chapple, Christopher Key, and Mary Evelyn Tucker, eds., 2000, Hinduism and Ecology: The Intersection of Earth, Sky, and Water.
BL 1215 .N34 H56 2000

Grim, John A., ed., 2001, Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community. GN 470.2 .I53 2001

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Duncan Ryuken Williams, eds., 1997, Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds.
BQ 4570 .E23 B83 1997

For those students who have more of an interest in some other religion, one of the following is recommended:

Chapple, Christopher Key, ed., 2002, Jainism and Ecology: Nonviolence in the Web of Life. BL 1375 .H85 J35 2002

Foltz, Richard, Frederick Denny, and Azizan Baharuddin, eds., 2003, Islam and Ecology. BP 190.5 .N38 I85 2003

Girardot, N.J., James Miller, and Liu Xiaogan, eds., 2001, Daoism and Ecology: Ways Within a Cosmic Landscape. BL 1923 .D36 2001

Hessel, Dieter T., and Rosemary Radford Ruether, eds., 2000, Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans. BT 695.5 C49 2000

Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava, ed., 2002, Judaism and Ecology: Created World and Revealed Word. BM 538 .H85 J85 2002

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John Berthrong, eds., 1998, Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Human. B127 .C65 C64 1998

The following are optional recommended reference works:

Forum on Religion and Ecology based at Harvard University http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

Glazier, Stephen D., ed., 1999, Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook, Westport, CT: Praeger. GN 470 .A55 1997

Gottlieb, Roger S., ed.,2004, This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment, New York, NY: Routledge (Second Edition), pp. 745-755. GF 80 .T49 2004

Jones, Lindsay, Editor-in-Chief, 2005, Encyclopedia of Religion, New York, NY: Thomson Gale (Second Edition). BL31 .E46 2005

Molloy, Michael, 1999, Experiencing the World’s Religions: Tradition, Challenge, and Change, Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Co. BL 80.2 .M65 1999

Posey, Darrell Addison, ed., 1999, Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity, London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications/UNEP. Folio GF 21 .C858 1999 (Available free online at: www.unep.org/Biodiversity/).

Scupin, Raymond, ed., 2000, Religion and Culture: An Anthropological Focus, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Taylor, Bron, Executive Editor, 2005, Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, New York, NY: Continuum Press [citation abbreviated as ERN in syllabus schedule, also see topical index on instructor’s homepage].

Ref BL65 .N35 2005 http://www.religionandnature.com

Warms, Richard, James Garber, and John McGee, eds., 2004, Sacred Realms: Essays in Religion, Belief and Society, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion (BL 65 .N35 W675)
http://www.brill.nl

In addition, some books, book chapters, and periodical articles will be recommended in the syllabus below and in class as optional reading. Students are encouraged to pursue their individual interests in exploring this literature as well as in viewing extra videos and surfing web sites as suggested by the instructor.

Students who take advantage of as many of the resources provided in this course as feasible will obtain a systematic and thorough overview of the subject. Those who do not do so are short-changing their own education and future. Students who are not prepared to make a substantial investment of time and effort in this class should drop it immediately, rather than wait until the end of the semester to receive a poor grade or even fail.

If any student feels the need for reasonable accommodations because of the impact of a disability, then she or he should contact the KOKUA Program in QLCSS 013 (phones 956-7511 or 956-7612), and/or speak to the instructor in private to discuss specific needs. The instructor is quite willing to collaborate with any student and KOKUA about needs related to a documented disability.

SUMMARY:

This course provides a systematic and thorough survey of spiritual ecology from an academic and anthropological perspective as well as some in-depth acquaintance with the ecology of a particular religion. Although a few lectures will be presented, the course is predominantly conducted as a seminar through general class discussion, group discussions, and panels. The grade will be based on a panel presentation during two meetings, an individual PowerPoint presentation of the conclusions of a research project as the final examination, and class attendance and participation in discussing assigned readings including the required four textbooks.

In conclusion, this course requires a substantial amount of time and effort as a senior level class and as the core course for the Spiritual Ecology Concentration within the Ecological Anthropology Program (see www.soc.hawaii.edu/sponsel). Anyone who is not prepared or inclined to make such a commitment should withdraw from the class immediately, rather than wait to receive a poor or failing grade at the end of the semester.

SCHEDULE (BRIEF):

August

22 ORIENTATION - lectures: Why Spiritual Ecology?, Sacred Sites and Landscapes of Thailand, video: Dharma River: Journey of a Thousand Buddhas (Thailand)
29 Video: Spirit and Nature, discussion, lecture: Lynn White, Jr., Genesis and the Ecocrisis

______________________________________________________________________________________

September
5 Video: Keeping the Faith, discuss McGrath book
12 Lecture: Is Religion the Answer to the Ecocrisis? Explorations in Spiritual Ecology
19 Discussion
26 ANIMISM - Video: Fire on the Mountain: A Gathering of Shamans

______________________________________________________________________________________

October
3 Animism - Grim book
10 Discuss readings
17 HINDUISM - video: Wisdom of Faith
24 Hinduism - Chapple and Tucker book
31 Discuss readings

______________________________________________________________________________________

November
7 Holiday - Election Day
14 BUDDHISM - video: Wisdom of Faith, lecture: Buddhist Ecology in America
21 Buddhism - Tucker and Williams book, lecture: Natural Wisdom: Meditations on Buddhist Ecology
28 OTHER RELIGIONS - lecture: Three Cases of Religious Environmental Activism

______________________________________________________________________________________

December
5 CONCLUSIONS - discuss Bassett book, criticisms of spiritual ecology and rebuttal
12 FINAL EXAMINATION noon-2:00

______________________________________________________________________________________

READING ASSIGNMENTS:

August 22

Gardner, Gary, 2002, Invoking the Spirit: Religion and Spirituality in the Quest for a Sustainable World, Washington, D.C.: World Watch Institute Paper 164. GE 195.7 .G37 2002. Available online free to read or print out from the website http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/paper/164/

Gottlieb, Roger S., 2004, This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment, New York, NY: Routledge (Second Edition) - Preface and Introduction, pp. xv-xvii, 3-20. [Hereafter this text is listed as Gottlieb 2004].

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August 29

Alister McGrath, 2003, The Reenchantment of Nature: The Denial of Religion and the Ecological Crisis, New York, NY: Doubleday/Galilee - Introduction, Chapters 1-4.

White, Lynn, Jr., 1967 (March 10),“The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis,” Science 155(3767):1203-1207 (reprinted in Gottlieb 2004, pp. 192-201).

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September 5

Gottlieb, 2004, Part I, pp. 21-49.
McGrath Chs. 5-8.

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September 12

Required reading (at least two of these):

Sponsel, L.E., 2001, "Do Anthropologists Need Religion, and Vice Versa? Adventures and Dangers in Spiritual Ecology," in Human Dimensions of Environmental Change: Anthropology Engages Issues, Carole Crumley, ed., Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, pp. 177-200.

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2005, “Spiritual Ecology: Toward an Overview in Anthropology and Beyond,” paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, D.C., December 3. See RISE http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2006, “Religion and Environment,” Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H. James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 5:2006-2009. http://www.sagepub.com

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2007, “Spiritual Ecology: One Anthropologist’s Reflections,” Journal of Religion, Nature and Culture (in press). See RISE http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel

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September 19

Gottlieb, 2004, Part II: “How Have Traditional Religions Viewed Nature?” pp. 51-188.

Gottlieb, Roger S., 2006, A Greener Faith: Religious Environmentalism and Our Planet’s Future, New York, NY: Oxford University Press - Preface, Introduction, Chapters 1-2, pp. vii-x, 3-80. [Hereafter this text is listed as Gottlieb 2004].

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September 26

Grim, 2006, “Indigenous Traditions,” Forum on Religion and Ecology”
http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2006, “Animism,” Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H. James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 1:80-81. Search under Anthropology under Encyclopedia of Anthropology at
http://www.sagepub.com

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October 3

For panel only:

Grim, John A., ed., 2001, Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

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October 10

Gottlieb, 2004, Part III “Ecotheology in an Age of Environmental Crisis: Transforming Tradition,” pp. 189-382.
Gottlieb 2006 - Chs. 3-6, pp. 81-191.

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October 17

Chapple, Christopher Key, 2006, “Hinduism,” Forum on Religion and Ecology http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

Lamb, Ramdas, 2006, “Hinduism,” Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H. James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 3:1157-1163
http://www.sagepub.com

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October 24

For panel only:

Chapple, Christopher Key, and Mary Evelyn Tucker, eds., 2000, Hinduism and Ecology: The Intersection of Earth, Sky, and Water, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

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October 31

Gottlieb, 2004, Part IV “Ecotheology in an Age of Environmental Crisis: Ecofeminist Spirituality” pp. 383-469, and Part V “Ecotheology in an Age of Environmental Crisis: Spiritual Deep Ecology,” pp. 471-508.

Gottlieb, 2006, Chs. 7-8, pp. 193-243.

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November 7 HOLIDAY - Election Day

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November 14

Pal, Abha R., 2006, “Buddhism,” Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H. James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 424-428
http://www.sagepub.com

Swearer, Donald K., 2006, “Buddhism,” Forum on Religion and Ecology
http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

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November 21

For panel only:

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Duncan Ryuken Williams, eds., 1997, Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

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November 28

Gottlieb, 2004, Part IV “Religious Practice for a Sacred Earth,” pp. 509-561, and Part VII “Ecology, Religion and Society,” pp. 563-744.

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December 5

Bassett, Libby, et al., eds., 2000, Earth and Faith: A Book of Reflection for Action, New York, NY: UN Environmental Program (UNEP).

Review:

Gottlieb, 2006, Chs. 2 and 8, pp. 57-80 and 215-243.

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GUIDELINES FOR PANEL:

1. PANEL SIZE AND COORDINATION The optimum size for a student panel is around three to four individuals, a smaller or larger number is awkward. One member of the panel should volunteer or be elected to serve as its coordinator. The coordinator should make a list of the names and email addresses of all members of the panel in order to set up a group email to facilitate effective communication and coordination of the panel as a whole.

2. THREE MEETINGS Each panel should meet outside of class at least three times, the third time as a rehearsal. It is important for the panel to rehearse the presentation before it is given in class in order to work out any problems, gauge time, and make it run as smoothly as possible. In effect, panel meetings outside of class should be like a small seminar on the subject under consideration as part of the active and collaborative learning style emphasized in this course.

3. INSTRUCTOR FEEDBACK The second meeting of the panel should be held with the instructor in order to report on the panel’s plans for the contents and delivery of its presentation. Ideally this meeting should be scheduled during the instructor’s office hours (Thursday afternoons) and involve as many of the members of the panel as possible.

4. WHOLE BOOK The members of each panel should dialog among themselves in person and by email to identify the three to five main points to explore in class discussion for the book(s)covered. In this presentation panel members should engage together in a conversation about their collective and individual conclusions regarding the book(s), perhaps focusing on each of the three to five common main points in turn. Avoid each panelist simply summarizing successive chapters in turn if only one book is covered. The book as a whole should be discussed, although with reference to individual chapters for illustration. Thus, every panelist should read the entire book covered, not just one chapter to summarize. (The author or editor of an academic book usually identifies the argument and main points in a preface, introduction, and/or conclusion). The book for a particular religion should be chosen from the FORE series published by Harvard University Press as listed in the syllabus readings and schedule.

5. IDEAS AND DELIVERY The panel should keep its presentation simple, just focus on discussing the argument and three to five main points identified for the book as a whole. Try to accomplish this in a manner that attracts and holds the attention of the class. In other words, both the ideas and their delivery are important for an effective presentation. Both contents and performance will be assessed in the peer review form by fellow students and by the instructor as a major part of the oral communication skills designation for this course.

Illustrations for constructing PowerPoint presentations for the panel may be found by searching “Images” on these web sites:

http://www.google.com

http://www.yahoo.com

http://www.fotosearch.com

6. IMPORTANCE The panel presentations consume a substantial portion of two class meetings as well as one half of the final course grade; thus, they are an especially important component of the class. Also, the panel is a vital part of the active and collaborative learning approach in this course including its oral communication skills designation. Each member of the panel should do their fair share, and, if someone falters, then this should be reported to the instructor to take into account in reducing the negligent individual’s final course grade. Also without any exceptions the panel presentations need to be conducted on the dates in the course schedule. Accordingly, the panel needs to plan ahead and coordinate its work in a timely manner.

If any student does not wish to participate in the team work required by the panel, then he or she can see the instructor to develop an acceptable alternative project that is equivalent.

______________________________________________________________________________________

SCHEDULE (FULL)

PART I - INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

August 22 Orientation

Required reading:

Gardner, Gary, 2002, Invoking the Spirit: Religion and Spirituality in the Quest for a Sustainable World, Washington, D.C.: World Watch Institute Paper 164. GE 195.7 .G37 2002 (Available online free to read or print out from website: http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/paper/164/

Explore:

Posey, Darrell Addison, ed., 1999, Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity, London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications/UNEP. http://www.unep.org/Biodiversity/

Lectures: Why spiritual ecology?
Sacred Sites and Landscapes of Thailand

Video segment: Dharma River: Journey’s of a Thousand Buddhas (Thailand)

___________________________________________________________________

August 29 Why is the environment a religious issue?

Video: Spirit and Nature (VHS 5326, 88 minutes)

Lecture:

“Lynne White, Jr., Genesis and the Ecocrisis”

Required reading:

Alister McGrath, 2003, The Reenchantment of Nature: The Denial of Religion and the Ecological Crisis, New York, NY: Doubleday/Galilee - Introduction, Chapters 1-4.

White, Lynn, Jr., 1967 (March 10),“The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis,” Science 155(3767):1203-1207 (reprinted in Gottlieb 2004, pp. 192-201).

Recommended readings:

Benavides, Gustavo, 2005, “Ecology and Religion,” ERN 1:548-554.

Beyer, Peter, 1992, "The Global Environment as a Religious Issue: A Sociological Analysis," Religion 22:1-19.

Coward, Harold, 2003, “Ethics and Nature in the World’s Religions,” Environment Across Cultures, Eckart Ehlers and Carl Friedrich Gethmann, eds., New York, NY: Springer-Verlag pp. 91-109.

Gore, Al, 1993, “Environmentalism of the Spirit,” Earth in Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit, New York, NY: Plume, pp. 238-265.

Hettinger, Ned, 1995, “Ecospirituality: First Thoughts,” Diaologue and Alliance: A Journal of the International Religious Foundation 9(2):81-98.

Jensen, Tim, 205, “Alliance of Religion and Conservation (ARC),” ERN 1:34-35.

Kearney, Michael, 1975, “World View Theory and Study,” Annual Review of Anthropology 4:247-270.

Lynn, William S., et al., 2004, “The Earth Charter,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 8(1):1-149.

Moncrief, Lewis W., 1970 (October 30), “The Cultural Basis for Our Environmental Crisis,” Science 170:508-512.

Orsi, Robert A., 2002, “Is the Study of Lived Religion Irrelevant to the World We Live in?,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 42(2):169-174.

Palmer, Clare, et al., 2004, “Teaching Environmental Ethics,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 8(2-3):151-400.

Snarey, John, 1996, “The Natural Environment’s Impact on Religious Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Study,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 35(2):85-96.

Sponsel, Leslie E., and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 2004, “Illuminating Darkness: The Monk-Cave-Bat-Ecosystem Complex in Thailand,” This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment, Roger S. Gottlieb, ed., New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 134-144.

Sponsel, Leslie E., Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, Nukul Ruttanadakul, and Somporn Juntadach, 1998, “Sacred and/or Secular Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation in Thailand,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 2(1):155-167.

Taylor, Bron, 2001, “Earth and Nature-Based Spirituality (Part I): From Deep Ecology to Radical Environmentalism,” Religion 31:175-193.

Taylor, Bron, 2001, “Earth and Nature-Based Spirituality (Part II): From Earth First! And Bioregionalism to Scientific Paganism and the New Age,” Religion 31:225-245.

Taylor, Bron, 2004, “A Green Future for Religion?,” Futures Journal 36(9):991-1008.

Toynbee, Arnold, 1972, “The Religious Background of the Present Environmental Crisis,” International Journal of Environmental Studies 3:141-146.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, 1997, “The Emerging Alliance of Ecology and Religion,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 1(1):3-24.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, 2003, “Worldviews and Ecology,” Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, ed., Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers pp. 115-127.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Richard M. Clugston, eds., 1998(Fall), Earth Ethics 10(1).

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John A. Grim, eds., 2001 (Fall), “Introduction: The Emerging Alliance of World Religions and Ecology,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):1-22.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Warner, Keith, 1994, “Was St. Francis a Deep Ecologist?,” Embracing the Earth: Catholic Approaches to Ecology, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Whitney, Elspeth, 2005, “Lynn White,” ERN 2:1735-1737.

Altman, Nathaniel, 2002, Sacred Water: The Spiritual Source of Life, Mahwah, NJ: HiddenSpring/Paulist Press.

Armstrong, Edward A., 1973, Saint Francis: Nature Mystic: The Derivation and Significance of the Nature Stories in the Franciscan Legend, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Ayres, Ed, 1999, God’s Last Offer: Negotiating for a Sustainable Future, New York, NY: Four Walls Eight Windows.

Buhner, Stephen Harrod, 1997, One Spirit Many Peoples: A Manifesto for Earth Spirituality, Niwot, CO: Roberts Rinehart Publishers.

Callicott, J. Baird, 1994, Earth's Insights: A Multicultural Survey of Ecological Ethics from the Mediterranean Basin to the Australian Outback, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Coward, Harold, and Daniel C. Maguire, 2000, Visions of a New Earth: Religious Perspectives on Population, Consumption, and Ecology, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Deane-Drummond, Celia, 2003, The Ethics of Nature, Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Edwards, Jo, and Martin Palmer, eds., 1997, Holy Ground: The Guide to Faith and Ecology, Northamptonshire, UK: Pilkington Press.

Fisher, Andy, 2002, Radical Ecopsychology: Psychology in the Service of Life, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Fox, Warick, 1995, Toward a Transpersonal Ecology: Developing New Foundations for Environmentalism, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

George, James, 1995, Asking for the Earth: Waking Up to the Spiritual/Ecological Crisis, Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.

Gustafson, James, 1994, A Sense of the Divine: The Natural Environment from a Theocentric Perspective, New York, NY: Pilgrim.

Hartmann, Thom, 1999, The Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight: Waking up to Personal and Global Transformation, New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.

Hayden, Tom, 1996, The Lost Gospel of the Earth: A Call for Renewing Nature, Spirit, and Politics, San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

Holm, Jean, and John Bowker, eds., 1994, Attitudes to Nature, New York, NY: Pinter Publishers.

Hull, Fritz, ed., 1993, Earth & Spirit: The Spiritual Dimension of the Environmental Crisis, New York, NY: Continuum Publishing Company.

Maguire, Daniel C., 2000, Sacred Energies: When the World’s Religions Sit Down to Talk about the Future of Human Life and the Plight of this Planet, Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.

Marshall, Paul, 2005, Mystical Encounters with the Natural World: Experiences and Explanations, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Metzner, Ralph, 1999, Green Psychology: Transforming Our Relationship to the Earth, Rochester, VT: Park Street Press.

Montgomery, Pam, 1997, Partner Earth: A Spiritual Ecology, Rochester, VT: Destiny Books.

Nothwehr, Dawn M., ed., 2002, Franciscan Theology of the Environment, Quincy, IL: Franciscan Press.

Oelschlaeger, Max, ed., 1994, Caring for Creation: An Ecumenical Approach to the Environmental Crisis, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Palmer, Martin, and Victoria Finaly, 2003, Faith in Conservation: New Approaches to Relions and the Environment, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Passmore, John, 1974, Man's Responsibility for Nature: Ecological Problems and Western Tradition, New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Rockefeller, Steven C., and John C. Elder, eds., 1992, Spirit and Nature: Why the Environment Is a Religious Issue, Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

Rozak, Theodore, 1992, The Voice of the Earth: An Exploration of Ecopsychology, New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Skolimowski, Henryk, 1993, A Sacred Place to Dwell: Living With Reverence Upon the Earth, Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.

Sorrell, Roger D., 1988, St. Francis of Assisi and Nature: Tradition and Innovation in Western Christian Attitudes toward the Environment, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Spring, David, and Eileen Spring, eds., 1974, Ecology and Religion in History, San Francisco, CA: Harper and Row, Publishers.

Suzuki, David, 1997, The Sacred Balance: Rediscovering Our Place in Nature, Vancouver, British Columbia: The Douglas & McIntyre Publishing Group.

Tanner, Ralph, and Colin Mitchell, 2002, Religion and the Environment, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Tobias, Michael, and Georgianne Cowan, eds., 1996, The Soul of Nature: Celebrating the Spirit of the Earth, New York, NY: Penguin Books/Plume.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Judith A. Berling, 2003, Worldly Wonder: Religions Enter Their Ecological Phase, LaSalle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John A. Grim, eds., 1993, Worldviews and Ecology, Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.

World Wildlife Fund International, 1986, The Assisi Declarations: Messages on Man and Nature from Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism, Geneva, Switzerland: WWFI.

Recommended videos:

Baraka (DVD 1930, 104 min.)
Brother Sun, Sister Moon (VHS 5450, 120 min.)
Ecopsychology: Restoring the Earth, Healing the Self (VHS 14703, 26 min.)
Sacred Balance (David Suzuki)
St. Francis of Assisi
The Wilderness Idea: John Muir, Gifford Pinchot, and the First Great Battle for Wilderness (VHS 17105, 58 min.)

Recommended periodicals and web sites:

CoNexus Press
http://www.conexuspress.com

Earth Ethics: Evolving Values for an Earth Community
http://www.crle.org

EarthLight: The Magazine of Spiritual Ecology
http://www.earthlight.org

Ecotheology: The Journal of Religion, Nature and the Environment (1996-2006)[successor is the Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture starting in 2007]
http://www.ecotheology.org
http://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/main.asp?jref=6
http://www.religionandnature.com

Ethnobiology Society of the University of Hawai`i
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/ethnobiol/

Environmental Ethics GF 80 .E59
(25 year index for 1979-2003 in Winter 2003 issue v. 25, no. 4)

Ethics, Place and Environment: A Journal of Philosophy and Geography

Ethics and the Environment
http://iupjournals.org

Green Earth Foundation
http://www.rmetzner-greenearth.org

International Society for Environmental Ethics
http://www.cep.unt.edu/ISEE.html

Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture (2007- )
http://www.natureandreligion.com

Resurgence: An International Forum for Ecological and Spiritual Thinking
http://resurgence.gn.apc.org

Talking Leaves: A Journal of Our Evolving Ecological Culture
http://www.talkingleaves.org

The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy [Deep Ecology] (19 - ) QH 540.5 .T8
http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca

Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion (1997- ) BL 65 .N35 W675
http://brill.nl

___________________________________________________________________

September 5 The Ecocrisis, Religion and/or Science

Lecture: Why Spiritual Ecology?

Discussion: McGrath - whole book

Required reading:

Gottlieb, 2004, Part I, pp. 21-49.

McGrath Chs. 5-8.

Video: Keeping the Earth: Religious and Scientific Perspectives on the Environment (VHS 13215 27 min.)

Recommended readings:

Alderink, Larry J., 2000, “Walter Burkert and a Natural Theory of Religion,” Religion 30(3):211-227.

Barnes, Michael H., 1997, “Rationality in Religion,” Religion 27:375-390.

Benavides, Gustavo, 2000, “Towards a Natural History of Religion,” Religion 30(3):229-244.

Berry, R.J., 2003, “Environmental Understanding: Sacred Cows Need Culling,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 7(1-2):136-153.

Berry, R.J., 2006, “Fabricated Nature: Where are the Boundaries?,” Ecotheology: Journal of Religion, Nature and Environment 11(1):5-8.

Byrne, P., 2001, “Religion: Definition and Explanation,” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 13060-13062.

Cafaro, Philip, 2002, “Rachel Carson’s Environmental Ethics,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 6(1):58-80.

Deloria, Jr., Vine, 2005, “The Sacred and the Modern World,” ERN 2:1446-1448.

Diener, Paul, 1974, “Ecology or Evolution? The Hutterite Case,” American Ethnologist 1(4):601-618.

Ferngren, G.B., 2001, “Religion and Science,” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 13044-13051.

Franklin, Sarah, 1995, “Science as Culture, Cultures of Science,” Annual Review of Anthropology 24:163-184.

Grassie, William, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Science, Religion, and Ecology,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2657-2661.

Hawthorne, Mark, 2001 (Sept.-Oct.), “Rethinking Science: Biologist Rupert Sheldrake takes an Eastern look at Western Assumptions,” Hinduism Today pp. 40-43.

Kalland, Arne, 2005, “The Religious Environmentalist Paradigm,” ERN 2:1367-1371.

Kenney, Jim, 2002, “Epilogue: On Convergence,” When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us about the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, Clifford N. Matthews, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, eds., La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company pp. 367-373.

Kohak, Erazinm 1992, “Speaking to Trees,” Critical Review 6(2-3):371-388.

Lett, James, 1999, “Science, Religion, and Anthropology,” Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook, Stephen D. Glazier, ed., Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 103-120.

MacDonald, Mary N., 2005, “Spirituality,” Encyclopedia of Religion, Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 13:8718-8721.

Rolston III, Holmes, “Science,” ERN 2:1494-1497.

Russell, C.A., 2001, “Science and Religion,” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 13621-13625.

Saler, Benson, 1997, “Supernatural as a Western Category,” Ethos 5(1):31-53.

Scott, Dane, 2003, “The Ecological Community and the Narrative of Creation,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 7(1-2):113-135.

Stark, Rodney, 201, “Reconceptualizing Religion, Magic, and Science,” Review of Religious Research 43(2):101-120.

The Economist, 1996 (December 21), “Godliness and Greenness: Thou Shalt Not Covert the Earth,” The Economist 341(7997):108-100.

Wallach, Bret, 2002, “Belief Systems,” Encyclopedia of Global Change, Andrew S. Goudie, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Oxford University Press 1:86-94.

Wunn, Ina, 2000, “Beginning of Religion,” Numen 47(4):417-452.

Abram, David, 1996, Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-Than-Human World, New York, NY: Pantheon.

Atran, Scott, 2002, In Gods We Trust: The Evolutionary Landscape of Religion, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Barbour, Ian G., 1990, Religion in the Age of Science, San Francisco, CA: Harper and Row.

Barbour, Ian G., 1997, Religion and Science: Historical and Contemporary Issues, San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco.

Barbour, Ian G., 2000, When Science Meets Religion: Enemies, Strangers, or Partners? San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco.

Barbour, Ian G., 2002, Nature, Human Nature, God, Minneapolis, MN: Fotress Press.

Bargatzky, Thomas, and Rolf Kuschel, eds., 1994, Invention of Nature, New York, NY: P. Lang.

Barlow, Connie C., 1997, Green Space, Green Time: The Way of Science, New York, NY: Copernicus.

Boyer, Pascal, 1994, The Naturalness of Religious Ideas: A Cognitive Theory of Religion, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Boyer, Pascal, 2001, Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought, New York, NY: Basic.

Brooke, John H., 1999, Science and Religion: Historical Perspectives, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Brooke, John, and Geoffrey Cantor, 1998, Reconstructing Nature: The Engagement of Science and Religion, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Bruce, Steve, ed., 2001, Religion and Modernization: Sociologists and Historians Debate the Secularization Thesis, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Bruce, Steve, 2002, God is Dead: Secularization of the West, Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Burkert, Walter, 1996, Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Capra, Fritjof, and David Steindl-Rast, 1991, Belonging to the Universe: Explorations on the Frontiers of Science and Spirituality, San Francisco, CA: HarperCollins.

Carroll, John E., and Keith Warner, eds., 1998, Ecology and Religion: Scientists Speak, Quincy, IL: Franciscan Press.

Chapman, Audrey R., Rodney L. Petersen, and Barbara Smith-Morgan, eds., 1999, Consumption, Population and Sustainability: Perspectives from Religion and Science, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Chapple, Christopher Key, ed., 1994, Ecological Prospects: Scientific, Religious, and Aesthetic Perspectives, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Clark, Steohen R.L., 1993, How to Think about the Earth: Philosophical and Theological Models for Ecology, New York, NY: Mowbray.

Corrington, Robert S., 1997, Nature’s Religion, Landham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Cousineau, Phil, 2003, The Way Things Are: Conversations with Huston Smith on the Spiritual Life, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Crosby, Donald A., 2002, A Religion of Nature, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

D’Aquili, Eugene, and Andrew B. Newberg, 1999, The Mystical Mind: Probing the Biology of Religious Experience, Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.

Davidson, Richard J., and Anne Harrington, 2002, Visions of Compassion: Western Scientists and Tibetan Buddhists Examine Human Nature, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Deming, Will, 2004, Rethinking Religion: A Concise Introduction, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Dempsey, Carol J., and Russell A. Butkus, eds., 1999, All Creation is Groaning: An Interdisciplinary Vision for Life in a Sacred Universe, Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.

Dennett, Daniel C., 2006, Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomena, New York, NY: Viking Adult.

Phil Dowe, 2005, Gallileo, Darwin, and Hawking: The Interplay of Science, Reason, and Religion, Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans.

Dunlap, Thomas R., 2004, Faith in Nature: Environmentalism as Religious Quest, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

Ghosh, G.K., 1991, Environment: A Spiritual Dimension, New Delhi, India: Ashish Publishing House.

Goodenough, Ursula, 1998, The Sacred Depths of Nature, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Gould, Stephen Jau, 2002, Rock of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life, New York, NY: Ballantine Publishing Group.

Guthrie, Stewart, 1993, Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Hamilton, Lawrence S., ed., 1993, Ethics, Religion and Biodiversity: Relations Between Conservation and Cultural Values, Cambridge, UK: The White Horse Press.

Hammer, Dean, 2004, The God Gene: How Faith Is Hardwired into Our Genes, New York, NY: Doubleday.

Hammond, Philip, ed., 1985, The Sacred in a Secular Age, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Hobson, Sarah, and Jane Lubchenco, eds., 1995, Revelation and the Environment AD 95 - 1995, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

Hobson, Sarah, and Laurence Mee, eds., 1997, The Black Sea Crisis, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

James, William, 1902, The Varieties of Religious Experience, London, UK: Longman, Green & Co.

Kellert, Stephen R., and Timothy J. Farnham, ed., 2002, The Good in Nature and Humanity: Connecting Science, Religion, and Spirituality with the Natural World, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Kellert, Stephen R., and Edward O. Wilson, eds., 1993, The Biophilia Hypothesis, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Kramrisch, S., J. Ott, C.A.P. Ruck, and R.G. Wasson, 1986, Persephone’s Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Lerner, Michael, 2000, Spirit Matters, Charlottesville, VA:Hampton Roads Publishing Company, Inc.

Mander, Jerry, 1991, In the Absence of the Sacred: The Failure of Technology and the Survival of the Indian Nations, San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

Matthews, Clifford N., Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, eds., 2002, When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us about the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, La Salle, IL: Open Court/Carus Publishing Co.

McGrath, Alister E., 1999, Science and Religion: An Introduction, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Merchant, Carolyn, 1992, Radical Ecology: The Search for a Livable World, New York, NY: Routledge.

Morris, Berman, 1981, The Reenchantment of the World, New York, NY: Cornell University Press.

Morrison, Reg, 1999, The Spirit in the Gene: Humanity’s Proud Illusion and the Laws of Nature, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Pearce, Joseph Chilton, 2004, The Biology of Transcendence: A Blueprint of the Human Spirit, Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.

Peters, Karl E., 2002, Dancing with the Sacred: Evolution, Ecology, and God, Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International.

Polkinghorne, John, 2005, Exploring Reality: The Intertwinning of Science and Religion, New Haven, CGT: Yale University Press.

Primavesi, Anne, 2000, Sacred Gaia: Holistic Theology and Earth System Science, New York, NY: Routledge.

Proctor, James, ed., 2005, Science, Religion, and the Human Experience, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Quincey, Christian de, 2002, Radical Nature: Rediscovering the Soul of Matter, Montpelier, VT: Invisible Cities Press.

Ricard, Mastthieu, and Trinh Xuan Thuan, 2001, The Quantum and the Lotus: A Journey to the Frontiers where Science and Buddhism Meet, New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.

Roston III, Holmes, 1999, Genes, Genesis, and God: Values and Their Origins in Human and Natural History, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Sennett, James F., and Douglas Groothuis, eds., 2005, In Defense of Natural Theology: A Post-Humean Assessment, New York, NY: InterVarsity Press.

Sheldrake, Rupert, 1994, The Rebirth of Nature: The Greening of Science and God, Rochester, VT: Park Street Press.
Shepard, Paul, 1999, Encounters with Nature, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Sideris, Lisa, 2003, Environmental Ethics, Ecological Theology, and Natural Selection, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Smith, Huston, 2001, Why Religion Matters: The Fate of the Human Spirit in the Age of Disbelief, San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco.

Stark, Rodney, and William Baines Bainbridge, 1985, The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival, and Cult Formation, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Swimme, Brian, and Thomas Berry, 1992, The Universe Story: From the Primordial Flaring Forth to the Ecozoic Era: A Celebration of the Unfolding of the Cosmos, San Francisco, CA: HarperCollins.

Thomson, Keith, 2005, Before Darwin: Reconciling God and Nature, New Haven, CGT: Yale University Press.

Wallace, B. Alan, 2000, The Taboo of Subjectivity: Toward a New Science of Consciousness, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Wallace, B. Alan, ed., 2003, Buddhism and Science: Breaking New Ground, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Wilson, David Sloan, 2002, Darwin’s Cathedral: Evolution, Religion, and the Nature of Society, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Wilson, Edward O., 1984, Biophilia, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Wilson, Edward O., 1998, Consilience, New York, NY: Knopf.

Wuthnow, Robert, 1998, After Heaven: Spirituality in America since the 1950s, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Young, David E., and Jean-Guy Goulet, eds., 1994, Being Changed by Cross-Cultural Encounters: The Anthropology of Extraordinary Experience, Orchard Park, NY: Broadview Press.

Zajonc, Arthur, ed., 2004, The New Physics and Cosmology: Dialogues with the Dalai Lama, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Recommended periodicals:

Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science BL 240.2 A1 Z88

Recommended videos:

Places of Peace and Power: The Sacred Site Pilgrimage of Martin Gray
(in cataloging 20010922, 100 min.)
The Rebirth of Nature (Rupert Sheldrake and Ralph Metzner)
(VHS 4316, 122 min.)
Wisdom of Faith: A Personal Philosophy (Huston Smith)(VHS 14496,
58 min.)

Recommended web sites:

Committee for the Scientific Examination of Religion
http://www.centerforinquiry.net/cser

Ecozoic
http://www.ecozoic.com

EnviroLink
http://www.envirolink.org

Gaia Mind
http://www.gaiamind.org

Institute on Religion in an Age of Science
http://www.iras.org/home.html

The Metanexus Institute (includes online magazine and forum)
http://www.metanexus.org

The Mountain Institute
http://www.mountain.org

Places of Peace and Power
http://www.sacredsites.com

Religious Consultation on Population, Reproductive Health and Ethics
http://www.religiousconsultation.org

Santa Barbara Institute for Consciousness Studies
http://www.sbinstitute.com

Spirit and Nature
http://www.science-spirit.org

Spirit in Education Movement
http://www.semsikkha.org

The Spiritual Naturalist
http://www.portalproductions.com/spiritnature

World Heritage Sites/UNESCO
http://www.unesco.org/uhc/nwhc/pages/sites/main.htmhttp://www.sacred-sites.org
http://www.unesco.org

World Watch Institute
http://www.worldwatch.org

___________________________________________________________________

September 12 What is Spiritual Ecology?

Lecture: “Is Religion the Answer to the Ecocrisis? Explorations in Spiritual Ecology”

Discussion

Required reading (at least two of these three):

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2006, “Anthropological Contributions to Spiritual Ecology: A Retrospective and Prospective Analysis,” paper presented at the inaugural conference of the International Society for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, April 8, 2006. See RISE http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2006, “Religion and Environment,” Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H. James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 5:2006-2009.
http://www.sagepub.com

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2007, “Spiritual Ecology: One Anthropologist’s Reflections,” Journal of Religion, Nature and Culture (in press). See RISE http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel

Recommended readings:

Betcher, Sharon V., 2005, “Spirit and Nature,” ERN 2:1590-1592.

Bowie, Fiona, 2006, “Religion, Culture, and Environment,” in her The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 107-137.

Burhenn, Herbert, 1997, “Ecological Approaches to the Study of Religion,” Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 9(2):111-126.

Colding, Johan, and Carl Folke, 1997, “The Relations Among Threatened Species, Their Protection, and Taboos,” Conservation Ecology 1(1):article 6, pp. 1-13
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol1/iss1/art6/

Glazier, Stephen D., 2005, “Roy A. Rappaport,” ERN 2:1342-1344.

Hettinger, Ned, 1995(Fall/Winter), “Ecospirituality: First Thoughts,” Dialogue & Alliance: A Journal of the International Religious Foundation 9(2):81-98.

Hultkrantz, Ake, et al., 1979, “Religio-ecological Approach,” Science of Religion Studies in Methodology, Lauri Honko, ed., Berlin, Germany: Mouton pp. 221-298.

Hultkrantz, Ake, 1987, "Ecology," Encyclopedia of Religion 4:581-585.Altman, Nathaniel, 1994, Sacred Trees, San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

Ingram, Paul O., 1999 (Summer),”On the Wings of a Blue Heron,” Cross Currents 49(2):1-10. http://www.crosscurrents.org/Ingram.htm

Jakelic, Slavica, and Jessica Starling, 2006, “Religious Studies: A Bibliographic Essay,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 74(1):194-211.

Kearns, Laurel, 2005, “Religion and Ecology,” ERN 2:1212-1214.

Marty, Martin E., 2002, “Religion,” Encyclopedia of Global Change, Andrew S. Goudie, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Oxford University Press 2:311-313.

Monserud, Bruce, 2002, “Religion and Ecology: Visions for an Emerging Academic Field Consultation Report,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 6(1):81-93.

Myers, Bruce A., Robert N. Cunliffe, and Andrew T. Hudak, 2001, “Linking the Conservation of Culture and Nature: A Case Study of Sacred Forests in Zimbabwe,” Human Ecology 29(2):187-218.

Olson, Carl, 2003, “Ecological/Biological Approaches,” Theory and Method in the Study of Religion, Carl Olson, ed., Belmont, CA: Wadsworth pp. 439-475.,

Rolston III, Holmes, 1997 (January), “Ecological Spirituality,” American Journal of Theology and Philosophy 18(1):59-64.

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2005, “Anthropologists,” ERN 1:94-96.

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2005, “Anthropology as a Source of Nature Religion,” ERN 1:96-98.

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2005, “Ecological Anthropology,” ERN 1:544-548.

Taylor, Bron, 2005, “Religious Studies and Environmental Concern,” ERN 2:1373-1379.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John A. Grim, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: An Overview,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2604-2616

Albanese, Catherine L., ed., 2001, American Spiritualities: A Reader, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Anderson, Eugene N., 1996, Ecologies of the Heart: Emotion, Belief, and the Environment, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Atran, Scott, 2002, In Gods We Trust: The Evolutionary Landscape of Religion, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Davis, Wade, 1999, Shadows in the Sun: Travels to Landscapes of Spirit and Desire, New York, NY: Broadway Books.

Guthrie, Stewart, 1993, Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Kearney, Michael, 1984, World View, Novato, CA: Chandler & Sharp Publishers, Inc.

Klass, Morton, 1995, Ordered Universes: Approaches to the Anthropology of Religion, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Messer, Ellen, and Michael Lambek, eds., 2001, Ecology and the Sacred: Engaging the Anthropology of Roy A. Rappaport, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Milton, Kay, 2002, Loving Nature: Towards an Ecology of Emotion, New York, NY: Routledge.

Rappaport, Roy A., 1968/1984, Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People, New Haven,CT: Yale University Press.

Rappaport, Roy A., 1979, Ecology, Meaning, and Religion, Richmond, CA: North Atlantic Books.

Rappaport, Roy A., 1999, Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Reynolds, Vernon, and Ralph Tanner, 1995, The Social Ecology of Religion, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Saler, Benson, 1999, Conceptualizing Religion: Immanent Anthropologists, Transcendent Natives, and Unbounded Categories, New York, NY: Berghahn Books.

Selin, Helaine, ed., 2003, Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and Environment in Non-Western Cultures, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Tuan, Yi-Fu, 1974, Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Young, David E., and Jean-Guy Goulet, eds., 1994, Being Changed By Cross-Cultural Encounters: The Anthropology of Extraordinary Experience, Orchard Park, NY: Broadview Press.

Recommended videos:

Millennium Part IV: An Ecology of Mind (David Maybury-Lewis) (VHS 6355, 60 min.)
The Sacred Balance (David Suzuki)
Water: Sacred and Profaned

Recommended web sites:

American Anthropological Association (Society for the Anthropology of Religion)
http://www.aaanet.org
http://www.aaanet.org/sar/index.html

American Academy of Religion (especially Religion and Ecology Interest Group)
http://www.aarweb.org
http://www.religionandnature.com/aar/

Canadian Forum on Religion and Ecology (CFORE)
http://rels.queensu.ca/cfore

European Forum for the Study of Religion and Environment
http://www.hf.ntnu.no/relnateur

Forum on Religion and Ecology(FORE)/ Harvard University (especially Religions, Publications, Statements, and Events)
http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

The International Society for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture
http://www.religionandnature.com

___________________________________________________________________

September 19

Discussion

Required readings:

Gottlieb, 2004, Part II: “How Have Traditional Religions Viewed Nature?” pp. 51-188.

___________________________________________________________________

PART II - ANIMISM

September 26 Animism, The Original Nature Religion

Discussion

Required readings:

Grim, 2006, “Indigenous Traditions,” Forum on Religion and Ecology” http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

Explore:

Posey, Darrell Addison, ed., 1999, Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity, London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications/UNEP. Folio GF 21 .C858 1999 (Available free online at: http://www.unep.org/Biodiversity/).

Video: Fire on the Mountain: A Gathering of Shamans (VHS 18424, 106 min.)

Recommended readings:

Abruzzi, William S., 2000, “The Myth of Chief Seattle, Human Ecology Review 7(1):72-75.

Albanese, Catherine L., 2005, “Nature Religion in the United States,” ERN 2:1175-1185.

Arnold, Philip P., 2002, “Determining the Place of Religion: Native American Tradition and the WWW,” Religion 32(4):337-341.

Arthur, Shawn, 2002, “Technophilia and Nature Religion: The Growth of a Paradox,” Religion 32(4):303-314.

Atkinson, Jane Monnig, 1992, “Shamanism Today,” Annual Review of Anthropology 21:307-330.

Ball, Martin, 2000, “Sacred Mountains, Religious Paradigms, and Identity among the Mescalero Apache,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 4(3):264-282.

Boddy, Janice, 1994, “Spirit Posession Revisited: Beyond Instrumentality,” Annual Review of Anthropology 23:407-434.

Booth, Annie L., 2003, “We Are The Land: Native American Views of Nature,” Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, ed., Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers pp. 329-349.

Bowman, Marion, 2003, “Vernacular Religion and Nature: The `Bible of the folk’ Tradition in Newfoundland,” Folklore 114(3):285-295.

Brady, Veronica, 1999, “Towards an Ecology of Australia: Land of the Spirit,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 3(2):139-155.

Chidester, David, 2005, “Animism,” ERN 1:78-81.

Byers, Bruce D., Robert N. Cunliffe, and Andrew Hudak, 2001, “Linking the Conservation of Culture and Nature: A Case Study of Sacred Forests in Zimbabwe,” Human Ecology 29(2):187-218.

Chandrashekara, U.M., Sathian P. Joseph, and K.A. Sreejith, 2002, “Ecological and Socio-cultural Dimensions of Sacred Groves of northern Kerala,” Man in India 82(3/4):323-339.

Clark, Stephen R.L., 1998, “Pantheism,” Spirit of the Environment: Religion, Value and Environmental Concern, David E. Cooper and Joy A. Palmer, eds., New York, NY: Routledge pp. 42-56.

Davy, Barbara Jane, 2005, “Nature Religion,” ERN 2:1173-1175.

Foin, Theodore C., and William G. Davis, 1984, “Ritual and Self-Regulation of the Tsembaga Maring Ecosystem in the New Guinea Highlands,” Human Ecology 12(4):385-

Foltz, Richard C., ed., 2003, Worldviews, Religion, and the Environment: A Global Anthology, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Chapter 3 “First Peoples” pp. 79-111.

Forbes, Jack D., 2001, “Indigenous Americans: Spirituality and Ecos,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):283-300.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Fowler, Cynthia T., 2003, “The Ecological Implications of Ancestral Religion and Reciprocal Exchange in a Sacred Forest in Karebdi (Sumba, Indonesia),” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 7(3):303-329.

Graham, Mary, 1999, “Some Thoughts about the Philosophical Underpinnings of Aboriginal Worldviews,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 3(2):105-118.

Grim, John A., 1993, “Native North American Worldviews and Ecology,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 41-54.

Grim, John A., 1997, “Indigenous Traditions and Ecological Ethics in Earth’s Insights,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 1(2):139-149.

Grim, John A., 1995, “Ecological Dimensions of Native North American Religions,” Dialogue and Alliance: A Journal of the International Religious Foundation 9(2):16-26.

Grim, John A., 2002, “Living in a Universe: Native Cosmologies and the Environment,” When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us about the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, Clifford N. Matthews, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, eds., La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company pp. 243-260.

Grim, John A., 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Indigenous Traditions,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2616-2620.

Harvey, Graham, 2005, “Animism - A Contemporary Perspective,” ERN 1:81-83.

Harvey, Graham, 2005, “Paganism - Contemporary,” ERN 2:1247-1251.

Hornborg, Anne-Christine, 2004, “Cosmology, Ethics and the `Biocentric Indian’,” Acta Americana 12(2):29-45.

Johnson, Paul C., 1995, “Shamanism from Ecuador to Chicago: A Case Study in New Age Ritual Appropriation,” Religion 25(2):163-178.

Kozak, David, 2000, “Shamanisms: Past and Present,” Religion and Culture: An Anthropological Focus, Raymond Scupin, ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall pp. 106-121.

Lebbie, Aiah R., and Raymond P. Gurries, 1995, “Ethnobotanical Value and Conservation of Sacred Groves of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,” Economic Botany 49(3):297-308.

Letcher, Andy, 2005, “Eco-paganism,” ERN 1:556-557.

Milton, Kay, 1998, “Nature and the Environment in Indigenous and Traditional Cultures,” Spirit of the Environment: Religion, Value and Environmental Concern, David E. Cooper and Joy A. Palmer, eds., New York, NY: Routledge pp. 86-99.

Oelschlaeger, Max, 2005, “Wilderness Religion,” 2:1745-1748.

Olupona, Jacob K., 1995, “The Spirituality of Matter: Religion and Environment in Yoruba Tradition, Nigeria,” Dialogue and Alliance: A Journal of the International Religious Foundation 9(2):69-80.

Omari, C.K., 1990, “Traditional African Land Ethics,” Ethics of Environment and Development: Global Challenge, International Responses, J. Ronald Engel and Joan Gibb Engel, eds., Tuscon, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 167-175.

Prabhakar, Joshi, and Yogesh Shirvastava, 2000, “Drops of Nature Conservation - Sacred Groves,” Journal of Human Ecology 11(5):327-330.

Patterson, John, 1998, “Respecting Nature: A Maori Perspective,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 2(1):69-78.

Porterfield, Amanda, “Native American Spirituality,” ERN 2:1162-1163.

Quinn, Daniel, 2005, “Animism - Humanity’s Original Religious Worldview,” ERN 1:83-90.

Rappaport, Roy A., 1967, “Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations among a New Guinea People” Ethnology 6:17-30.

Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, 1976, "Cosmology as Ecological Analysis: A Vew from the Rainforest," Man 11(3):307-318.

Smethurst, D., 2000, “Mountain Geography,” Geographical Review 90(1):35-56.

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2001, “Is Indigenous Spiritual Ecology a New Fad? Reflections from the Historical and Spiritual Ecology of Hawai`i,” Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, John Grim, ed., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 159-174.

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2005, “Noble Savage and the `Ecologically Noble’ Savage,” ERN 2:1210-1212.

Sponsel, Leslie E., and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 2001, “Why a Tree is More than a Tree: Reflections on the Spiritual Ecology of Sacred Trees in Thailand,” Santi Pracha Dhamma, Sulak Sivaraksa, et al., eds., Bangkok, Thailand: Santi Pracha Dhamma Institute pp. 364-373.

Strang, Veronica, 2005, “Knowing Me, Knowing You: Aboriginal and European Concepts of Nature as Self and Other,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 9(1):25-56.

Strong, Mary, 2003, “Powers Within: Artists and Anthropologists Work Together to Create Andean Mythic Beasts and Elements of Nature in Their Own Image,” Visual Anthropology 16(2-3):117-158.

Sullivan, Lawrence E., 2005, “Worship of Nature,” Encyclopedia of Religion, Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 9:6438-6441.

Taliman, V., 1999, “Reading the Clouds: Native Perspectives on Southwestern Environments,” Native Americas 16(3):34-41.

Taylor, Bron, 1997, “Earthen Spirituality or Cultural Genocide?: Radical Environmentalism’s Appropriation of Native American Spirituality,” Religion 27(2):183-215.

Tinker, George `Tink, 2004, “The Stones Shall Cry Out: Consciousness, Rocks, and Indians,” Wicazo Sa Review 19(2):105-125.

Townsend, Joan B., 1999, “Shamanism,” Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook, Stephen D. Glazier, ed., Westport, CT: Praeger pp. 429-469.

Vandevelder, Paul, 2001, “A Native Sense of Earth: Treaty Rights and Environmental Standards,” Native Americas 18(1):42-49.

Swadley, Reed L., and Carol J. Pierce Colfer, 2004, “Sacred Forest, Hunting, and Conservation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia,” Human Ecology 32(3):313-338.

Taylor, Bron, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Nature Religions,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2661-2668.

White, Timothy, 1998, “Understanding Psychedelic Mysticism: An Interview with Huston Smith,” Shaman’s Drum 49:21-29.

Winkelman, Michael, 1999(Summer), “Altered States of Consciousness and Religious Behavior,” Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook, Stephen D. Glazier, ed., Westport, CT: Praeger pp. 393-428.

Albanese, Catherine L., 1990, Nature Religion in America From the Algonkian Indians to the New Age, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Albanese, Catherine L., 2002, Reconsidering Nature Religion, Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International.

Berkes, Fikret, 1999, Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management, Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis.

Bierhorst, John, 1994, The Way of the Earth: Native America and the Environment, New York, NY: William Morrow and Co., Inc.

Brightman, Robert, 1993, Grateful Prey: Rock Cree Human-Animal Relationships, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Callicott, J. Baird, and Michael P. Nelson, 2003, American Indian Environmental Ethics: An Ojibwa Case Study, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Carrasco, David, ed., 1989, The Imagination of Matter: Religion and Ecology in Mesoamerican Traditions, Oxford, UK: BAR International Series.

Corrington, Robert S., 1997, Nature’s Religion, Landham, MD: Rowman and Littfield Publishers.

Crowe, Ellie, and William Crowe, 2001, Exploring Lost Hawai`i: Places of Power, History, Mystery & Magic, `Aiea, HI: Island Heritage.

Cunningham, Scott, 1995, Hawaiian Religion and Magic, St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications.

Deloria, Vine, Jr., 1973, God Is Red, New York, NY: Dell Publishing Co.

Descola, Philippe, 193, The Spears of Twilight: Life and Death in the Amazon, New York, NY: The New York Press.

Dooling, D.M., and Paul Jordan-Smith, eds., 1989, I Become Part of It: Sacred Dimensions of Native American Life, New York, NY: Parabola.

Frazer, James G., 1926, The Worship of Nature, London, UK: MacMillan.

Gill, Sam, 1981, Sacred Worlds: A Study of Navajo Religion and Prayer, Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Gill, Sam, 1987, Mother Earth: An American Story, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Grim, John A., 1983, The Shaman: Patterns of Religious Healing among the Ojibwa Indians, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

Grim, John A., ed., 2001, Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Harrod, Howard, 2000, The Animals Came Dancing: Native American Sacred Ecology and Animal Kinship, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Harvey, Graham, 1997, Contemporary Paganism: Listening People, Speaking Earth, New York, NY: New York University Press.

Harvey, Graham, ed., 2003, Shamanism: A Reader, New York, NY: Routledge.

Harvey, Graham, 2006, Animism: Respecting the Living World, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Hopman, Ellen Evert, and Lawrence Bond, 1996, People of the Earth: The New Pagans Speak Out, Rochester, VT: Destiny Books.

Hughes, J. Donald, 1983, American Indian Ecology, El Paso, TX: Texas Western Press.

Iromoto, Takashi, and Takako Yamada, eds., 1994, Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North, Tokyo, Japan: University of Tokyo Press.

Irwin, Lee, ed., 2000, Native American Spirituality: A Critical Reader, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Kawagley, A. Oscar, 2006, A Yupiaq Worldview: A Pathway to Ecology and Spirit, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.

Keeney, Bradford, 2005, Bushman Shaman: Awakening the Spirit through Ecstatic Dance, Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.

LaDuke, Winona, 1999, All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life, Cambridge, MA: South End Press.

Lake-Thom, Bobby, 1997, Spirits of the Earth: A Guide to Native American Nature Symbols, Stories, and Ceremonies, New York, NY: Penguin Books.

Lewis-Williams, David, 2002, The Mind in the Cave, New York, NY: Thames and Hudson.

Martin, Calvin Luther, 1992, In the Spirit of the Earth: Rethinking History and Time, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Martin, Calvin Luther, 1999, The Way of the Human Being, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Matthiessen, Peter, 1984, Indian Country, New York, NY: Penguin Books.

McFadden, Steven, 1991, Profiles in Wisdom: Native Leaders Speak About the Earth, Santa Fe, NM: Bear and Co.

McGaa, Ed (Eagle Man), 1990, Mother Earth Spirituality: Native American Paths to Healing Ourselves and Our World, San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco.

McNeley, James K., 1997, Holy Wind in Navajo Philosophy, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

McPherson, Robert S., 1992, Sacred Land, Sacred View: Navajo Perceptions of the Four Corners Region, Salt Lake City, UT: Brigham Young University Charles Redd Center for Western Studies/Signature Books.

Metzner, Ralph, 1994, The Well of Remembrance: Rediscovering the Earth Wisdom of Mythology of Northern Europe, Boston, MA: Shambhala.

Morrell, Rima A., 2005, The Sacred World of Huna: Spiritual Light in Hawaiian Shamanism, Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.

Morris, Brian, 2000, Animals and Ancestors: An Ethnography, New York, NY: Berg.

Muller, Max, 1888, Natural Religion, London, UK: Longmans, Green.

Myerhoff, Barbara G., 1974, Peyote Hunt: The Sacred Journey of the Huichol Indians, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Narby, Jeremy, and Francis Huxley, eds., 2001, Shamans Through Time: 500 Years on the Path to Knowledge, New York, NY: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam.

Neihardt, John G., 1988, Black Elk Speaks, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven: A Koyukon View of the Northern Forests,Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Parsons, Elsie Clews, 1939/1966, Pueblo Indian Religion, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Perkins, John, and Shakaim Mariano Shakai Ijisam Chumpi, 2001, Spirit of the Shuar: Wisdom from the Last Unconquered People of the Amazon, Rocherster, VT: Destiny Books.

Peterson, Scott, 1999, Native American Prophecies, St. Paul, MN: Paragon House.

Pike, Sarah, 2004, New Age and Pagan Religions in America, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Rajotte, Freda, 1998, First Nations and Ecology, London, UK: Cassell.

Rappaport, Roy A., 1968/1984, Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People, New Havevn CT: Yale University Press.

Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, 1971, Amazonian Cosmos: The Sexual and Religious Symbolism of the Tukano Indians, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, 1996, The Forest Within: The Worldview of the Tukano Amazonian Indians, London, UK: Themis-Green Books.

Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, 1997, Rainforest Shamans: Essays on the Tukano Indians of the Northwest Amazon, London, UK: Themis-Green Books.

Rose, Deborah Bird, 1996, Nourishing Terrains: Australian Aboriginal Views of Landscape and Wilderness, Canberra, Australia: Australian Heritage Commission.

Roseman, Marina, 1991, Healing Sounds from the Malaysian Rainforest: Temiar Music and Medicine, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Seeger, Anthony, 1981, Nature and Society in Central Brazil: The Suya Indians of Mato Grosso, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Smith, Huston, 2005, A Seat at the Table: Huston Smith in Conversation with Native Americans on Religious Freedom, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Smith, Nigel J.H., 1996, The Enchanted Amazon Rain Forest: Stories from a Vanishing World, Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.

Suzuki, David, and Peter Knudtson, 1992, Wisdom of the Elders: Sacred Native Stories of Nature, New York, NY: Bantam Books.

Swan, James A., 1990, Sacred Places: How the Living Earth Seeks Our Friendship, Santa Fe, NM: Bear and Co.

Rose, Deborah B., 1992, Dingo Makes Us Human: Life and Land in an Australian Aboriginal Culture, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Tanner, Adrian, 1979, Bring Home Animals: Religious Ideology and Mode of Production of the Mistassini Cree Hunters, St. John’s, Newfoundland: Memorial University of Newfoundland Institute for Social and Economic Research.

Turner, Nancy J., 2005, The Earth’s Blanket: Traditional Teachings for Sustainable Living, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

Valeri, Valerio, 2000, The Forest of Taboos: Morality, Hunting, and Identity among the Huaulu of the Moluccas, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Vecsey, Christopher, ed., 1990, Religion in Native America, Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Press.

Vitebsky, Piers, 2005, The Reindeer People: Living with Animals and Spirits in Siberia, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo, 1992, From the Enemy’s Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Walsh, Roger, and Charles S. Grob, eds., 2005, Higher Wisdom: Eminent Elders Explore the Continuing Impact of Psychedelics, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Weaver, Jack, ed., 1996, Defending Mother Earth: Native American Perspectives on Environmental Justice, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Wilbert, Johannes, 1993, Mystic Endowment: Religious Ethnography of the Warao Indians, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

York, Michael, 2003, Pagan Theology: Paganism as a World Religion, New York, NY: New York University Press.

Recommended periodicals:

Shaman’s Drum: A Journal of Experiential Shamanism

Recommended videos:

From the Heart of the World (Kogi, Colombia) (VHS 6070, 90 min.)
Ho`oku`ikahi: To Unify As One (Hawaiian) (VHS 15693, 47 min.)
In Light of Reverence: Protecting America's Sacred Lands (Christopher McCleod) (VHS 18873, 73 min.)
Into the Shining Mountains [Shoshone, Blackfoot, Utes] (VHS 6950, 60 min.)
Kaho`olawe Aloha `Aina (DVD 3185, 57 min.)
Listen to the Forest (Hawai`i) (VHS 9093, 55 min.)
Shamanism (VHS 4943, 57 min.)
The Faithkeeper Oren Lyons (VHS 5284, 58 min.)
The Shark Callers of Kontu (VHS 4411, 54 min.)
The Way of the Shaman (Michael Harner) (VHS 5262, 30 min.)
To Find Our Way: Peyote Hunt of the Huichol (VHS 7524, 55 min.)
To Protect Mother Earth (5413, 59 min.)
Tree of Life [Totonac, eastern Mexico] (VHS 2962, 30 min.)
Voices of the Land (Ute, Hawaiians)(VHS 6548, 21 min.)
White Shamans, Plastic Medicine Men (VHS 18382, 27 min.)
Worship of Nature, Fallacies of Hope (VHS 4197, 50 min.)
Yakoana: The Voice of Indigenous Peoples [Rio Conference](VHS16412, 60 min.)

Recommended web sites:

African Ritual and the Environment Conference
http://www.ru.ac.za/anthro2003

African Traditional Religion
http://isizah.net/afrel/index.html

Animism
http://www.animism.org.uk

Earth Island Institute
http://www.earthisland.org
http://www.earthisland.edu

Graham Harvey
http://www.grahamharvey.org

Pantheism
http://www.pantheism.net

Sacred Land Film Project
http://www.sacredland.org

Sacred Sites International Foundation
http://www.sacred-sites.org

Society for the Anthropology of Consciousness
http://www.sacaaa.org

The Foundation for Shamanic Studies (Michael Harner)
http://www.shamanism.org

WOVOCA
http://www.wovoca.com

___________________________________________________________________

October 3 Animism continued

PANEL DISCUSSION 1:

Grim, John A., ed., 2001, Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

___________________________________________________________________

October 10

Discussion

Required readings:

Gottlieb, 2004, Part III “Ecotheology in an Age of Environmental Crisis: Transforming Tradition,” pp. 189-382.

Gottlieb 2006 - Chs. 3-6, pp. 81-191.

___________________________________________________________________

PART III - HINDUISM

October 17 Hinduism

Video: Wisdom of Faith (VHS 14492, segment on Hinduism, 30 min.)

Discussion

Required readings:

Chapple, Christopher Key, 2006, “Hinduism,” Forum on Religion and Ecology http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

Lamb, Ramdas, 2006, “Hinduism,” Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H. James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 3:1157-1163
http://www.sagepub.com

Recommended readings:

Alley, Kelly D., 1998, “Idioms of Degeneracy: Assessing Ganga’s Purity and Pollution,” Purifying the Earthly Body of God: Religion and Ecology in Hindu India, Lance E. Nelson, ed., Albany, NY: State University of New York Press pp. 297-331.

Bilimoria, Purushottama, 1998,“Indian Religious Traditions,” Spirit of the Environment: Religion, Value and Environmental Concern, David E. Cooper and Joy A. Palmer, eds., New York, NY: Routledge pp. 1-14.

Chapple, Christopher Key, 1993, “Hindu Environmentalism: Traditional and Contemporary Resources,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 113-123.

Choudhury, Anuradha Roma, 1994, “Hinduism,” Attitudes to Nature, Jean Holm and John Bowker, eds., London, UK: Pinter Publishers pp. 53-78.

Coward, Harold, 2003, “Hindu Views of Nature and the Environment,” Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, ed., Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers pp. 411-419.

Dwivedi, Kapil Deva, 2003, “Ecological Thoughts in the Vedas,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 3-24

Dwivedi, O.P., 1997, “Vedic Heritage for Environmental Stewardship,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 1(1):25-36.

Falvo, Daniel J., 2000, “On Modeling Balinese Water Temple Networks as Complex Adaptive Systems,” Human Ecology 28(4):641-649.

Foltz, Richard D., ed., 2003, Worldviews, Religion, and Environment: A Global Anthology, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Ch. 4 “South Asian Traditions,” pp. 112-160.

Foltz, Richard C., 2006, “Nature in Asian Traditions: The State of the Field,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 10(1):1-4.

Gosling, David L., 2001, “Ecology and Hindu Tradition,” Religion and Ecology in India and Southeast Asia, New York, NY: Routledge pp. 16-33.

Gruzalski, Bart, 1993, “The Chipko Movement: A Gandhian Approach to Ecological Sustainability and Liberation from Economic Colonization,” Ethical and Political Dilemmas of Modern India, Ninian Smart and Shivesh Thakur, eds., New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press pp. 100-125.

Gruzalski, Bart, 2002, “Gandhi’s Contribution to Environmental Thought and Action,” Environmental Ethics 24(3):227-242.

James, George Alfred, 1998, “The Construction of India in Some Recent Environmental Philosophy,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 2(1):3-20.

Lal, Vinay, 2000, “Gandhi and the Ecological Vision of Life: Thinking beyond Deep Ecology,” Environmental Ethics 22(2):149-168.

Lansing, Stephen J., and J.N. Kremer, 1993, “Emergent Properties of Balinese Water Temple Networks,” American Anthropologist 95(1):97-114.

Lansing, Stephen J., and John H. Miller, 2005, “Cooperation, Games, and Ecological Feedback: Some Insights from Bali,” Current Anthropology 46(2):328-334.

Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley, 1999, “Hinduism in Context: Approaching a Religious Tradition through External Sources,” Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook, Stephen D. Glazier, ed., Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 305-218.

Mawdsley, Emma, 2005, “The Abuse of Religion and Ecology: The Visha Hindu Parishad and Tehri Dam,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 9(1):1-24.

Michaels, Axel, 2003, “Notions of Nature in Traditional Hinduism,” Environment Across Cultures, Eckart Ehlers and Carl Friedrich Gethmann, eds., New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, pp. 111-121.

Narayan, Rajdeva, 2003, “Ecological Crisis and Hindu Religious Thoughts,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 25-37.

Narayanan, Vasudha, 1997, “`One Tree Is Equal to Ten Sons’: Hindu Responses to the Problems of Ecology, Population, and Consumption,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 65(2):291-332.

Narayanan, Vasudha, 2001 (Fall), “Water, Wood, and Wisdom: Ecological Perspectives from the Hindu Traditions,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):179-206.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Narayanan, Vasudha, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Hinduism,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2620-2624.

Tomalin, Emma, 2002, “The Limitations of Religious Environmentalism for India,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 6(1):12-30.

Tomalin, Emma, 2004, “Bio-divnity and Biodiversity: Perspectives on Religion and Environmental Conservation in India,” Numen 51(3):265-295.

Van Der Veer, Peter, 2001, “Religions of India,” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 7279-7282.

Van Der Veer, Peter, 2002, “Religion in South Asia,” Annual Review of Anthropology 31:173-187.

Weisgrau, Maxine K., 2000, “Vedic and Hindu Traditions,” Religion and Culture: An Anthropological Focus, Raymond Scupin, ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall pp. 225-248.

Alley, Kelly D., 2002, On the Banks of the Ganga: When Wastewater Meets a Sacred River, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Chapple, Christopher Key, 1993, Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Dwivedi, O.P., and B.N. Tiwari, 1987, Environmental Crisis and Hindu Religion, Delhi, India: Gitanjali Publishing House.

Gold, Ann Grodzins, and Bhoju Ram Gujar, 2001, In the Time of Trees and Sorrows: Nature, Power, and Memory in Rajasthan, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Gossling, David L., 2001, Religion and Ecology in India and Southeast Asia, New York, NY: Routledge.

Hawkins, Bradley K., 2004, Asian Religions, New York, NY: Pearson/Longman (Chs. 2-5, 8).

Lansing, J. Stephen, 1991, Priests and Programmers: Technologies of Power in the Endangered Landscape of Bali, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Narayan, Rajdeva, and Janardan Kumar, eds., 2003, Ecology and Religion: Ecological Concepts in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Christianity and Sikhism, New Delhi, India: Deep & Deep Publications.

Nelson, Lance E., ed., 1998, Purifying the Earthly Body of God: Religion and Ecology of Hindu India, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Prime, Ranchor, 1992, Hinduism and Ecology, London, UK: Cassell.

Recommended videos:

The Eleven Powers (VHS 4047, 60 min.)
The Goddess and the Computer (Stephen Lansing in Bali)(VHS 4047, 55 min.)

Recommended web sites:

Himalayan Academy
http://www.himalayanacademy.com

Hindu Universe
http://www.hindu.org

San Marga Iraivan Temple
http://www.hindu.org/iraivan/

___________________________________________________________________

October 24 Hinduism continued

PANEL DISCUSSION #2

Chapple, Christopher Key, and Mary Evelyn Tucker, eds., 2000, Hinduism and Ecology: The Intersection of Earth, Sky, and Water, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

___________________________________________________________________

October 31

Discussion:

Required readings:

Gottlieb, 2006, Chs. 7-8, pp. 193-243.

___________________________________________________________________

November 7 HOLIDAY - Election Day

___________________________________________________________________

PART IV - BUDDHISM

November 14 Buddhism

Video: Wisdom of Faith (VHS 14492, segment on Buddhism, 30 min.)

Lecture: Buddhist Ecology and Environmentalism in America

Required readings:

Pal, Abha R., 2006, “Buddhism,” Encyclopedia of Anthropology, H. James Birx, ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 424-428
http://www.sagepub.com

Swearer, Donald K., 2006, “Buddhism,” Forum on Religion and Ecology (FORE) http://www.environment.harvard.edu/religion

Recommended videos:

Bhutan: The Last Shangri-La
Buddhism Comes to America (VHS 4052, 30 min.)
Buddhism, Man and Nature (Alan Watts) (VHS 1371, 14 min.)
The Greening of Thailand (VHS 13274, 52 min.)
Ladakh: In Harmony with the Spirit (VHS 11602, 86 min.)
Mini Dragons II: Thailand (10571, 60 min.)
Mount Kailas: Return to Tibet
Mountains and Rivers: Mystical Realism of Zen Master Dogen (John Daido Loori)

Recommended web sites:

Buddhism and Ecology
http://buddhistecology.org

Buddhist Resources on Vegetarianism and Animal Welfare (Ron Epstein)
http://buddhistecology.org

Buddhist Studies/Antioch College/Antioch Education Abroad
http://www.antioch-college.edu/aea

DharmaNet International
http://www.dharmanet.org

Earth Charter, Buddhist Contributions
http://brc21.org

Earth Sangha: Buddhism in Service to the Earth
http://www.earthsangha.org

Joanna Macy
http://www.joannamacy.net

Sulak Sivaraksa

http://sulak-sivaraksa.org

Journal of Buddhist Ethics
http://jbe.gold.ac.uk

Mountains and Rivers Order of Zen Buddhism (Tremper, NY)
http://www.mro.org

Leslie E. Sponsel’s homepage (explore under Buddhism)
http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel

Suan Mokkh: The Garden of Liberation (Thailand)

http://www.suanmokkh.org

___________________________________________________________________

November 21

PANEL DISCUSSION #3:

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Duncan Ryuken Williams, eds., 1997, Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lecture: Natural Wisdom: Meditations on Buddhist Ecology

___________________________________________________________________

PART V - OTHER RELIGIONS

November 28 Other Religions

Lecture: Three Cases of Religious Environmental Activism

Required readings:

Gottlieb, 2004, Part IV “Religious Practice for a Sacred Earth,” pp. 509-561, and Part VII “Ecology, Religion and Society,” pp. 563-744.

Recommended readings:

Christianity

Bartolomeus, His All-Holiness, Rabbi Arthur Hertzberg, and Falzun Khalid, 1998, “Religion and Nature: The Abrahamic Faiths’ Concepts of Creation,” Spirit of the Environment: Religion, Value and Environmental Concern, David E. Cooper and Joy A. Palmer, eds., New York, NY: Routledge pp. 30-41.
Binde, Per, 2001, “Nature in Roman Catholic Tradition,” Anthropological Quarterly 74(1):15-27.

Bryant, M. Darrol, 1995, “The Modern Myth of Mastery and the Christian Doctrine of Creation: A Journey in Ecology and Creation Theology,” Dialogue and Alliance: A Journal of the International Religious Foundation 9(2):56-68.

Cobb, Jr., John B., 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Christianity,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2647-2650.

Davies, Douglas, 1994, “Christianity,” Attitudes to Nature, Jean Holm and John Bowker, eds., London, UK: Pinter Publishers pp. 28-52.

Jenkins, Willis, 2003, “Thomistic Roots for Environmental Ethics,” The Journal of Religion 83(3):401-420.

Kalapurachal, Fr. Kurien, 2003, “Ecology and Religion: The Christian Perspective,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 101-125.

McDaniel, Jay, 1993, “The Garden of Eden, The Fall, and Life in Christ: A Christian Approach to Ecology,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 71-82.

McFague, Sallie, 2001, “New House Rules: Christianity, Economics, and Planetary Living,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):125-140.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Mizzoni, John, 2004, “St. Francis, Paul Taylor, and Franciscan Biocentrism,” Environmental Ethics 26(1):41-56.

Sharper, Stephen Bede, 2002, “Christianity and Ecological Awareness,” When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us about the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, Clifford N. Matthews, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, eds., La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company pp. 273-282.

Wielenga, Bas, 2003, “Christianity and Ecology,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 126-140.

Berry, Thomas, 1988, The Dream of the Earth, San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

Berry, Thomas, 1991, Befriending the Earth: A Theology of Reconciliation Between Humans and the Earth, Mystic, CT: Twenty-Third Publications.

Birch, Charles, William Eakin, and Jay B. McDaniel, eds., 1990, Liberating Life: Contemporary Approaches to Ecological Theology, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis.

Breuilly, Elizabeth, and Martin Palmer, eds., 1992, Christianity and Ecology, London, UK: Cassell.

Carroll, John E., Paul Brockelman, and Mary Westfall, eds., 1997, The Greening of Faith: God, the Environment, and the Good Life, Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.

Christiansen, Drew, and Walter Grazer, eds., 1996, And God Saw That It Was Good: Catholic Theology and the Environment, Mawah, NJ: Paulist Press.

Chryssavgis, John, ed., 2003, Cosmic Grace, Humble Prayer: The Ecological Vision of the Green Patriarch Bartholomew I, Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.

Clatworthy, Jonathan, 1997, Good God: Green Theology and the Value of Creation, Charlbury, UK: Jon Carpenter.

Cobb, John, 1972, Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology, Beverely Hills, CA: Bruce.

DeWitt, Calvin B., 1998, Caring for Creation: Responsible Stewardship of God’s Handiwork, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.

Fowler, Robert Booth, 1995, The Greening of Protestant Thought, Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Graham, Mark E., 2005, Sustainable Agriculture: A Christian Ethic of Gratitude, New York, NY: The Pilgrim Press.

Eisenberg, Evan, 1998, The Ecology of Eden, New York, NY: Random House.

Hallman, D., 1994, Ecotheology: Voices from the South and North, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Hamma, Robert M., 1999, Landscapes of the Soul: A Spirituality of Place, Notre Dame, IN: Ave Maria Press.

Hamma, Robert M., 2002, Earth’s Echo: Sacred Encounters With Nature, Notre Dame, IN: Sorin Books.

Hart, John, 2004, What Are They Saying About Environmental Theology? Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press.

Hessel, Dieter T., ed., 1992, After Nature’s Revolt: Eco-Justice and Theology, Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.

Hessel, Dieter T., and Rosemary Radford Ruether, eds., 2000, Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Hill, Brennan R., 1998, Christian Faith and the Environment: Making Vital Connections, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Lane, Belden C., 1998, The Solace of Fierce Landscapes: Exploring Desert and Mountain Spirituality, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Linzey, Andrew, and Dorothy Yamamoto, 1998, Animals on the Agenda: Questions About Animals for Theology and Ethics, Urban, IL: University of Illinois Press.

McDaniel, Jay B., 1995, With Roots and Wings: Christianity in an Age of Ecology and Dialogue, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

McFague, Sallie, 1993, The Body of God: An Ecological Theology, Minneapolis, MN: Fortres Press.

McFauge, Sallie, 1997, Super, Natural Christians: How We Should Love Nature, Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press.

McFague, Sallie, 2000, Life Abundant: Rethinking Theology and Economy for a Planet in Peril, Minneapolis, MN: Fortess.

Moltmann, Jurgen, 1985, God and Creation: A New Theology of Creation and the Spirit of God, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

Northcott, Michael S., 1996, The Environment and Christian Ethics, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Redekop, Calvin, ed., 2000, Creation and The Environment: An Anabaptist Perspective on a Sustainable World, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.

Santmire, Paul, 2000, Nature Reborn: The Ecological and Cosmic Promise of Christian Theology, Minneapolis, MN: Fortress.

Wallace, Mark I., 2005, Finding God in the Singing River: Christianity, Spirit, Nature, Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress.

Confucianism

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, 1993, “Ecological Themes in Taoism and Confucianism,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 150-160.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, 2002, “Confucian Ethics and the Ecocrisis,” When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us about the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, Clifford N. Matthews, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, eds., La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company pp. 310-323.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Confucianism,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2631-2635.
Weiming, Tu, 1984, “The Continuity of Being: Chinese Visions of Nature,” On Nature, Leory S. Roumer, ed., South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press pp. 113-127.

Weiming, Tu, 2001, “The Ecological Turn in New Confucian Humanism: Implications for China and the World,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):243-264.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Xinzhong, Yao, 1994, “Chinese Religions,” Attitudes to Nature, Jean Holm and John Bowker, eds., London, UK: Pinter Publishers pp. 148-159.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John Berthrong, eds., 1998, Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Weiming, Tu, and Mary Evelyn Tucker, eds., 2003-2004, Confucian Spirituality, New York, NY: Crossroad Publishing Company.

Daoism

Chen, Ellen M., 1995, “Taoism and Ecology,” Dialogue and Alliance: A Journal of the International Religious Foundation 9(2):5-15

Cheng, Chung-ying, 1986, “On the Environmental Ethics of the Tao and the Chi’i,” Environmental Ethics 8:351-370.

Girardot, N.J., 1999, “`Finding the Way’: James Legge and the Victorian Invention of Taoism,” Religion 29(2):107-121.

Lai, Karyn, 2003, “Conceptual Foundations for Environmental Ethics: A Daoist Perspective,” Environmental Ethics 25(3):247-266.

Miller, James, 2001, “Envisioning the Daoist Body in the Economy of Cosmic Power,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):265-282.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Miller, James, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Daoism,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2635-2638.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, 1993, “Ecological Themes in Taoism and Confucianism,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 150-160.

Girardot, N.J., James Miller, and Liu Xiaogan, eds., 2001, Daoism and Ecology: Ways Within A Cosmic Landscape, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Islam

Afrasiabi, K.L., 1995, “Toward an Islamic Ecotheology,” Hamdard Islamicus 18(1):33-44.

Ahmad, Imtiaz, 2003, “Islam and Ecology,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 162-172.

Ammar, Nawal H., 2000, “The Ecological Crisis and Islamic Social Justice,” Visions of a New Earth: Religious Perspectives on Population, Consumption, and Ecology, Albany, NY: State University of New York pp. 131-144.

Foltz, Richard, 2000, “Is There an Islamic Environmentalism?,” Environmental Ethics 22(1):63-72.

Foltz, Richard, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Islam,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2651-2654.

Forward, Martin, and Mohamed Alam, 1994, “Islam,” Attitudes to Nature, Jean Holm and John Bowker, eds., London, UK: Pinter Publishers pp. 79-100.

Haq, S. Nomanul, 2001, “Islam and Ecology: Toward Retrieval and Reconstruction,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):141-178.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Jenkins, Willis, 2005, “Islamic Law and Environmental Ethics: How Jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh) Mobilizes Practical Reform,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 9(3):338-364.

Kumar, Janardan, 2003, “Islam and Ecology,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 143-161.

Timm, Roger E., 1993, “The Ecological Fallout of Islamic Creation Theory,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 83-95.

Dien, Mawil Izzi, 2000, The Environmental Dimension of Islam, Cambridge, UK: Lutterworth.

Foltz, Richard C., 2006, Animals in Islamic Tradition and Muslim Cultures, Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications.
Kader, Abou Bakr Ahmed Ba, 1995, Environmental Protection in Islam, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Khalid, Fazlun N., and Joanne O'Brien, 1992, Islam and Ecology, London, UK: Cassell.

Moltman, Jurgen, 1993, God in Creation: A New Theology of Creation and the Spirit of God, Minneapolis, MN: Fortess.

Nash, James, 1991, Loving Nature: Ecological Integrity and Christian Responsibility, Nashville, TN: Abingdon.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, 1993, The Need for a Sacred Science, Albany, NY: State University of New York.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, 1996, Religion and Order of Nature, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Jainism

Chapple, Christopher Key, 2001, “The Living Cosmos of Jainism: A Traditional Science Grounded in Environmental Ethics,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):207-224.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Chapple, Christopher Key, 2002, “Jainism and Ecology,” When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us about the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, Clifford N. Matthews, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, eds., La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company pp. 283-292.

Chapple, Christopher Key, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Jainism,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2624-2627.

Jain, Ashok Kumar, 2003, “Jainism and Ecology,”
Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. Pp. 82-90.

Jain, Lal Chand, 2003, “Principles of Environmental Preservation in Dravya Sangrah,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 91-98.

Soorideva, Shreeranjan, 2003, “Ecological Awareness in Jaina Culture,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. Pp. 73-81.

Tobias, Michael, 1993, “Jainism and Ecology: Views of Nature, Nonviolence, and Vegetarianism,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 138-149.

Chapple, Christopher Key, 1993, Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Chapple, Christopher Key, 2002, Jainism and Ecology: Nonviolence in the Web of Life, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Katz, Eric, 1993, “Judaism and the Ecological Crisis,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 55-70.

Lodrick, Deryck O., 1981, Sacred Cows, Sacred Places: Origins and Survivals of Animal Homes in India, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Judaism

Bernstein, Ellen, ed., 1998, Ecology and the Jewish Spirit: Where Nature and the Sacred Meet, Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing.
pp. 83-95.

Jacobs, Mark X., 2002, “Judaism and the Ecological Crisis,” When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us about the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, Clifford N. Matthews, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, eds., La Salle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company pp. 261-272.

Katz, Eric, 1993, “Judaism and the Ecological Crisis,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 55-70.

Schwartzchild, Seven S., 1984, “The Unnatural Jew,” Environmental Ethics 6(4):347-362.

Solomon, Norman, 1994, “Judaism,” Attitudes to Nature, Jean Holm and John Bowker, eds., London, UK: Pinter Publishers pp. 101-131.

Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava, 2001, “Nature in the Sources of Judaism,”
Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):99-124.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava,2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Judaism,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2641-2647.

Bernstein, Ellen, ed., 1998, Ecology and the Jewish Spirit: Where Nature and the Sacred Meet, Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing.

Bernstein, Ellen, 2005, The Splendor of Creation: A Biblical Ecology, New York, NY: Pilgrim Press.

Hiebert, Theodore, 1996, The Yahwist’s Landscape: Nature and Religion in Early Israel, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Hillel, Daniel, 2006, The Natural History of the Bible: An Environmental Exploration of the Hebrew Scriptures, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Huttermann, Aloys, 1999, The Ecological Message in the Torah, Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press.

Rose, Aubrey, 1992, Judaism and Ecology, London, UK: Cassell.

Samuelson, Norbert M., 1994, Judaism and the Doctrine of Creation, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Waskow, Arthur, ed., 2000, Torah of the Earth: Exploring 4,000 Years of Ecology in Jewish Thought, Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights.

Shintoism

Bocking, Brian, 1994, “Japanese Religions,” Attitudes to Nature, Jean Holm and John Bowker, eds., London, UK: Pinter Publishers pp. 160-168.

Sheid, Bernard, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Ecology and Shinto,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2638-2641.

Nelson, John K., 1996, A Year in the Life of a Shinto Shrine, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

Nelson, John K., 2000, Enduring Identities: The Guise of Shinto in Contemporary Japan, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai`i Press.

Others

Boorse, Dorothy, 2003, “Overpopulation: Ecological and Biblical Principles Concerning Limitation,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 7(1-2):154-170.

Callicott, J. Baird, 2005, “Ecology and Religion: Environmental Ethics, World Religions, and Ecology,” Encyclopedia of Religion (Second Edition), Lindsay Jones, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Thomson Gale 4:2654-2657.

Foltz, Richard C., 2000, “Mormon Values and the Utah Environment,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 4(1):1-19.

Hayes, Bernadette, and Manussos Marangudakis, 2001, “Religion and Attitudes Towards Nature in Britain,” British Journal of Sociology 52(1):139-155.

Ivakhix, Adrian, 2003, “Nature and Self in New Age Pilgrimage,” Culture and Religion 4(1):41-68.

Kaur-Singh, Kanwaljit, 1994, “Sikhism,” Attitudes to Nature, Jean Holm and John Bowker, eds., London, UK: Pinter Publishers pp. 132-147.

Neki, Jaswant Singh, 2003, “Man’s Relation with Nature: A Sikh Interface,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 195-201.

Palmer, Martin, 1998, “Chinese Religion and Ecology,” Spirit of the Environment: Religion, Value and Environmental Concern, David E. Cooper and Joy A. Palmer, eds., New York, NY: Routledge pp. 15-29.

Pedersen, Kusumita P., 1998, “Environmental Ethics in Interreligious Perspective,” Explorations in Global Ethics: Comparative Religious Ethics and Interreligious Dialogue, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 253-290.

Reader, I., 2001, “Religions of East Asia,” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 3947-3953.

Singh, Jodh, 2003, “Environmental and Developmental Concerns in Sikhism,” Ecology and Religion, Rajdeva Narayan, Janardan Kumar, and Shri Jagmohan, eds., New Delhi, India: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt., Ltd. pp. 175-194.

Szerzynski, Bronislaw, 1997, “The Varieties of Ecological Piety,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 1(1):37-565

Taylor, M.A., 2001, “Folk Religion,” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, Editors-in-Chief, New York, NY: Elsevier pp. 5708-5711.

White, Robert A., 1993, “A Baha’i Perspective on an Ecologically Sustainable Society,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 96-112.

Witoszek, Nina, 1997, “Arne Naess and the Norwegian Nature Tradition,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 1(1):57-73.

Xiaoxin, He, and Jun Luo, 2000, “Fengshui and the Environment of Southeastern China,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 4(3):213-234.

Barnhill, David Landis, and Roger S. Gottlieb, eds., 2001, Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground,Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Bruun, Ole, and Arne Kalland, eds., 1995, Asian Perceptions of Nature: A Critical Approach, Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon Press.

Callicott, J. Baird, and Roger T. Ames, eds., 1989, Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Coogan, Michael, ed., 2005, Eastern Religions: Hinduism, Buddhism,
Taoism, Confucianism, Shinto, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Cummings, Charles, 1991, Eco-spirituality: Toward a Reverent Life, Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press.

Dowd, Michael, 1991, Earthspirit: A Handbook for Nurturing an Ecological Christianity, Mystic, CT: Twenty-Third Publications.

Eisenberg, Evan, 1998, The Ecology of Eden, New York, NY: Random House.

Foltz, Richard C., ed., 2003, Worldviews, Religion, and the Environment, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

Formoso, Bernard, ed., 1996, The Link with Nature and Divine Mediations in Asia, New York, NY: Berghahn Books.

Heinberg, Richard, 1996, A New Covenant with Nature, Wheaton, IL: Quest Books.

Holm, Jean, and John Bowker, eds., 1994, Attitudes to Nature, New York, NY: Pinter Publishers.

Hunt, Arnold D., Marie T. Crotty, and Robert B. Crotty, 1991, Ethics of World Religions, San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc.

Kinsley, David, 1995, Ecology and Religion: Ecological Spirituality in Cross-Cultural Perspective, Upper Sdalle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Knitter, Paul, 1995, One Earth, Many Religions: Multifaith Dialogue and Global Responsibility, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Ole, Bruun, 1995, “Fengshui and the Chinese Perception of Nature,” Asian Perceptions of Nature: A Critical Approach, Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon Press pp. 173-187.

Palmer, Martin, 1996, Travels Through Sacred China, San Francisco, CA: Thorsons.

Rasmussen, Larry L., 1996, Earth Community, Earth Ethics, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Regenstein, Lewis G., 1991, Replenish the Earth: A History of Organized Religions’ Treatment of Animals and Nature, New York, NYH: Crossroad.

Ruether, Rosemary Radford, ed., 1996, Women Healing Earth: Third World Women on Ecology, Fe

Scharper, Stephen Bede, 1998, Redeeming the Time: A Political Theology of the Environment, New York, NY: Continuum Press.

Selin, Helaine, ed., 2003, Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Richard M. Clugston, eds., 1998(Fall), Earth Ethics 10(1).

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John A. Grim, eds., 2001 (Fall), “Religion and Ecology: Can the Climate Change?,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):1-306.
http://www.amacad.org/publications/daedalus.htm

Twiss, Sumner B., and Bruce Grelle, eds., 1998, Explorations in Global Ethics: Comparative Religious Ethics and Interreligious Dialogue, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Waldau, Paul, 2002, The Specter of Speciesism: Buddhist and Christian Views of Animals, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Recommended videos:

Ahimsa: Nonviolence
Kamano and Koya: In the Heart of Japan (VHS 1085, 28 min.)
Shinto: Nature, Gods, and Man in Japan (VC 100, 48 min.)
Sukhavati: Place of Bliss (VHS 16129, 80 min.)
Taoism: A Question of Balance (VHS 8288, 52 min.)

Recommended web sites:

Academic Info
http://www.academicinfo.nt/religindex.html

Allfaiths Press
http://allfaithspress.com

Evangelical Environmental Network
http://www.creationcare.org

Forum on Religion and Ecology
http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

International Shinto Foundation
http://shinto.org

Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Sciences
http://www.ifees.org/

Islamic Society of North America
http://www.isna.net

Jain Principles, Traditions, and Practice
http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya

Jewish Internet Consortium
http://www.shamash.org

National Council of Churches Web of Creation
http://www.webofcreation.org
http://www/webofcreaton.org/ncc.anwr/html

National Religious Partnership for the Environment
http://www.nrpe.org

Orthodox for Religion, Science and the Environment (RSE)
http://www.rsesymposia.org

Places of Peace and Power (Martin Gray)
http://sacredsites.com

Religious Tolerance
http://www.religioustolerance.org

Shinto
http://www.jinja.or.jp

Spirit Web
http://www.spiritweb.org

Unity with Nature - Acadia Friends Meeting
http://home.acadia.net

___________________________________________________________________

PART VI - CONCLUSIONS

December 5 Spiritual Ecology in Action, Responses of Skeptics and Rebuttals, etc.
Required readings:

Bassett, Libby, et al., eds., 2000, Earth and Faith: A Book of Reflection for Action, New York, NY: UN Environmental Program (UNEP).

Review:

Gottlieb, 2006, Chs. 2 and 8, pp. 57-80 and 215-243.

Lecture:

Spiritual Ecology: Criticisms and Responses

Discussion: Bassett book

Video: Embracing the Earth: Dances with Nature (VHS 14047, 23 min.)

Recommended readings:

Arthur, Shawn, 2002, “Technophilia and Nature Religion: The Growth of a Paradox,” Religion 32(4):303-314.

Barnhill, David Landis, 2002, “An Interwoven World: Gary Snyder’s Cultural Ecosystem,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 6(2):111-144.

Brown, Donald A., 2001, “The Ethical Dimensions of Global Environmental Issues,”Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):59-76.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Cafaro, Philip, 2001, “Thoreau, Leopold, and Carson: Toward an Environmental Virtue Ethics,” Environmental Ethics 23(1):3-17.

Callicott, J. Baird, 1997 (January), “The Challenge of a World Environmental Ethic,” American Journal of Theology and Philosophy 18(1):65-79.

Callicott, J. Baird, 2001, “Multicultural Environmental Ethics,” Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 130(4):77-97.
http://www.daedalus.amacad.org/issues/fall2001/fall2001.htm

Callicott, J. Baird, 2005, “Turning the Whole Soul: The Educational Dialectic of A Sand County Almanac,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 9(3):385-411.

Cheney, Jim, 1989, “Postmodern Environmental Ethics: Ethics as Bioregional Narrative,” Environmental Ethics 11:117-134.

Engel, J. Ronald, 1985, “Renewing the Bond of Mankind and Nature: Biosphere Reserves as Sacred Space,” Orion 4(3):52-63.

Feldman, David Lewis, and Lyndsay Moseley, “Faith-Based Environmental Initiatives in Appalachia: Connecting Faith, Environmental Concern and Reform,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 2003, 7(3):227-252.

Gill, Sam, 1990, “Mother Earth: An American Myth,” The Invented Indian, James A. Clifton, ed., New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Gold, Ann Godzins, 2002, “Children and Trees in North India,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 6(3):276-299.

Gottlieb, Roger S., 1999, “A Spirituality of Resistance: Finding a Peaceful Heart and Protecting the Earth,” Tikkun 14(2):33-37,68.

Gould, Rebecca Kneale, 1999, “Modern Homesteading in America: Negotiating Religion, Nature, and Modernity,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 3(3):183-212.

Griffiths, Joanna, 2002, “The Varieties of Nature Experience,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 6(3):253-275.

Jocks, Christopher Ronwaniene:te, 2000, “Spirituality for Sale: Sacred Knowledge in the Consumer Age,” Native American Spirituality: A Critical Reader, Lee Irwin, ed., Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press 61-77.

Johnson, Paul C., 1995, “Shamanism from Ecuador to Chicago: A Case Study in New Age Ritual Appropriation,” Religion 25(2):163-178.

Lauer, Dean, 2005, “Expropriating Nature: The Decoding of Deep Ecology,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 9(3):315-337.

Lewis, Martin W., 1996, “Radical Environmental Philosophy and the Assault on Reason,” The Flight from Science and Reason, PaulR. Gross, et al., eds., New York, NY: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 775:209-230.

MacWilliams, Mark W., 2002, “Virtual Pilgrimage on the Internet,” Religion 32(4):315-335.

Metzner, Ralph, 1993, “The Emerging Ecological Worldview,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 163-172.

Meyer-Dietrich, Erika, 2004, “When Natural Phenomena enter the Symbolic Sphere: An Ecological Perspective on Ritual Texts within the Egyptian Funerary Cult,” Numen 51(1):111-126.

Nocheseda, Elmer I., 2002, “Ecological and Ritual Change in the Devotion to Santa Marta of Pateros,” Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 30(1/2):65-110.

Porter, Samuel C., 1999, “The Pacific Northwest Forest Debate: Bringing Religion Back In?,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 3(1):3-32.

Reichenbach, Bruce R., 2003, “Boulders, Native Prarie and a Theistic Stewardship Ethic,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 7(1-2):93-112.

Rockefeller, Steven C., 2005, “Earth Charter,”
Rollston III, Holmes, 1997 (January), “Ecological Spirituality,” American Journal of Theology and Philosophy 18(1):59-64.

Sessions, George, 1993, “Deep Ecology as Worldview,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 207-227.

Schneiders, Sandra M., 1989, “Spirituality in the Academy,” Theological Studies 50(4):676-697.

Sessions, George, 1993, “Deep Ecology as Worldview,” Worldviews and Ecology, Mary Evelyn Tucker and John A. Grim, eds., Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press pp. 207-227.

Shanafelt, R., 2002, “Idols of Our Tribes?: Relativism, Truth and Falsity in Ethnographic Fieldwork and Cross-Cultural Interaction,” Critique of Anthropology 22(1):7-29.

Shnirelman, Victor A., 2002, “Christian! Go Home!: A Revival of Neo-Paganism between the Baltic Sea and Transcaucasia,” Journal of Contemporary Religion 17(2):197-211.

Stenmark, Mikael, 1997, “What is Scientism?,” Religious Studies 33(1):15-32.

Tanner, R.E.S>, and C.J. Pawson, 2004, “Contemporary Religious Violence and the Environment: Some Tentative Observations and Assessments,” Journal of Human Ecology 15(2):119-127.

Taylor, Bron, 2004, “A Green Future for Religion?,” Futures Journal 36(9):991-1008.

Taylor, Susan McFarland, 2002, “Reinhabiting Religion: Green Sisters, Ecological Renewal, and the Biogeography of Religious Landscape,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 6(3):227-252.

Turner, Edith, 1992, “The Reality of Spirits: A Tabooed or Permitted Field of Study,” ReVision 15(1):28-31 (reprinted in Shamans Through Time: 500 Years on the Path to Knowledge, Jeremy Narby and Francis Huxley, eds., New York, NY: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnum, pp. 260-262, and in Shamanism: A Reader, Graham Harvey, ed., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, pp. 145-152).

Yi-Fu, Tuan, 1968, “Discrepancies between Environmental Attitude and Behaviour: Examples from Europe and China,” The Canadian Geographer 12(3):176-191.

Yi-Fu, Tuan, 1970, “Our Treatment of the Environment in Ideal and Actuality,” American Scientist 58:244-249.

Adams, Carol, ed., 1993, Ecofeminism and the Sacred, New York, NY: Continuum.

Adams, David, 2001, Season of the Loon: One Man’s Search for Wilderness in Increasingly Strange Times, St. Cloud, MN: North Star Press of St. Cloud, Inc.

Barnhill, David Landiss, 1999, At Home on Earth: Becoming Native to Our Place, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Barnhill, David Landis, and Roger S. Gottlieb, eds., 2001, Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Bender, Frederic L., 2003, The Culture of Extinction: Toward a Philosophy of Deep Ecology, New York, NY: Humanity Books.

Benton, Ted, 1993, Natural Relations: Ecology, Animal Rights, and Social Justice, New York, NY: Verso.

Berger, Helen A., Evan A. Leach, and Leigh S. Shaffer, 2005, Voices from the Pagan Census: A National Survey of Witches and Neo-Pagans in the United States, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

Berman, Morris, 1981, The Reenchantment of the World, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Buhner, Stephen Harrod, 2004, The Secret Teachings of Plants: The Intelligence of the Heart in the Direct Perception of Nature, Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.

Campolo, Anthony, 1992, How to Rescue the Earth without Worshipping Nature, Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson.

Carroll, John E., 2004, Sustainability and Spirituality, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Chidester, David, 1987, Patterns of Action: Religion and Ethics in a Comparative Perspective, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Clayton, Susan, and Susan Opotow, eds., 2003, Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Cohen, Michael J., 1997, Reconnecting with Nature: Finding wellness through restoring your bond with the Earth, Corvallis, OR: Ecopress.

Dudley, Nigel, Lisa Higgins-Zogib, and Stephanie Mansourian, 2005 (December), Beyond Belief: Linking Faiths and Protected Areas to Support Biodiversity Conservation, London, UK: Worldwide Fund for Nature
http://www.panda.org

Easwaran, Eknath, 1989, The Compassionate Universe: The Power of the Individual to Heal the Environment, Tomales, CA: Nilgiri Press.

Edwards, Jo, and Martin Palmer, 1997, Holy Ground: The Guide to Faith and Ecology, Northhamptonshire, UK: Pilkington Press.

Elkins, David N., 1998, Beyond Religion: A Personal Program for Building a Spiritual Life Outside the Walls of Traditional Religion, Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House/Quest Books.

Evans, J. Claude, 2005, With Respect for Nature: Living as Part of the Natural World, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Fisher, Andy, 2002, Radical Ecopscyhology: Psychology in the Service of Life, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Gottlieb, Riger S., ed., 2003, Liberating Faith: Religious Voices for Justice, Peace, and Ecological Wisdom, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Gottlieb, Roger S., 2003, A Spirituality of Resistance: Finding a Peaceful Heart and Protecting the Earth, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Gould, Rebecca Kneale, 2005, At Home in Nature: Modern Homesteading and Spiritual Practice in America, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Grey, Alex, Ken Wilber, and Carlo McCormick, 2005, Sacred Mirrors: The Visionary Art of Alex Grey, Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.

Gyallay-Pop, Peter, and Ruth Bottomley, eds., 1998, Toward an Environmental Ethic in Southeast Asia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia: The Buddhist Institute.

Halifax, Joan, 1993, The Fruitful Darkness: Reconnecting with the Body of the Earth, San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco.

Hanegraaf, Wouter J., 1998, New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought, Albany, NY: State University of New York Pres.

Hartmann, Thom, 1999, The Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight: Waking Up to Personal and Global Transformation, New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.
Henning, Daniel H., 2001, Tree Talk and Tales, New York, NY: Xlibris.

Hill, Julia Butterfly, 2000, The Legacy of Luna: The Story of a Tree, a Woman, and the Struggle to Save the Redwoods, San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco.

Hope, Marjorie, and James Young, 2000, Voices of Hope in the Struggle to Save the Planet, Croton-on-Hudson, NY: The Apex Press.

Hopman, Ellen Evert, and Lawrence Bond, 1996, People of the Earth: The New Pagans Speak Out, Rochester, VT: Destiny Books.

Ivakhiv, Adrian, 2001, Claiming Sacred Ground: Pilgrims and Politics at Glastonbury and Sedona, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Jenkins, Joseph, 2000, Balance Point: Searching for a Spiritual Missing Link, Grove City, PA: Jenkins Publishing.

Katz, Eric, Andrew Light, and David Rothenberg, eds., 2000, Beneath the Surface: Critical Essays in Philosophical Deep Ecology, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Kaza, Stephanie, 1996, The Attentive Heart: Conversations with Trees, Boston, MA: Shambhala Publications, Inc.

Kimmey, John, 1999, Light on the Return Path, Eugene, OR: Sacred Media.

Krech III, Shepard, 1999, The Ecological Indian: Myth and History, New York, NY: W.W. Norton.

Leonardo, Boff, 1997, Cry of the Earth, Cry of the Poor, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis.

Lindquist, Galina, 1997, Shamanic Performances on the Urban Scene: Neo-shamanism in Contemporary Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm University Press.

Macy, Joanna, and Molly Young Brown, 1998, Coming Back to Life: Practices to Reconnect Our Lives, Our World, Gabriola Island, British Columbia: New Society Publishers.

Masson, Jeffrey, 2005, The Pig Who Sang to the Moon: The Emotional World of Farm Animals, London, UK: Vintage.

Matthews, Freya, 1991, The Ecological Self, New York, NY: Routledge.

Montgomery, Pam, 1997, Partner Earth: A Spiritual Ecology, Restoring Our Sacred Relationship with Nature, Rochester, VT: Destiny Books.

Moura, Ann, 1997, Green Witchcraft: Folk Magic, Fairy Lore, and Herb Craft, St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications.

Naess, Arne, 1989, Ecology, Community and Lifestyle: An Outline of Ecosophy, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Naess, Arne, 2002, Life’s Philosophy: Reason and Feeling in a Deeper World, Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Nollman, Jim, 1990, Spiritual Ecology: A Guide to Reconnecting with Nature, New York, NY: Bantam Books.

Palmer, Martin, and Victoria Finlay, 2003, Faith in Conservation: New Approaches to Religions and the Environment, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Pearson, Joanne, Richard Roberts, and Geoffrey Samuel, eds., 1998, Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World, Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.

Pike, Sarah, 2004, New Age and Neopagan Religions in America, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Ramakrishnan, P.DS., S.G. Saxena, and U.M. Chandrashekara, eds., 1998, Conserving the Sacred for Biodiversity Management, Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, Inc.

Roads, Michael J., 1987, Talking with Nature: Sharing the Energies and Spirit of Trees, Plants, Birds, and Earth, Tiburon, CA: H.J. Krammer Inc.

Rue, Loyal D., 2005, Religion Is Not About God: How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological Nature, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Saint-Laurent, George E., 2000, Spirituality and World Religions: A Comparative Introduction, Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company.

Schumacher, E.F., 1977/1995, A Guide for the Perplexed, New York, NY: Vintage Books.

Seed, John, 1988, Thinking Like A Mountain: Towards a Council of All Beings, Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers.

Sinclair, Donna, 2005, The Spirituality of Gardening, New York, NY: Pilgrim Press.

Spencer, Daniel T., 1996, Gay and Gaia: Ethics, Ecology, and the Erotic, Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim.

Spretnak, Charlene, 1986, The Spiritual Dimension of Green Politics, Santa Fe, NM: Bear.

Starhawk, 1993, The Fifth Sacred Thing, New York, NY: Bantam Books.

Suzuki, David, 1997, The Sacred Balance: Rediscovering Our Place in Nature, Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers.

Swan, James A., 2000, Nature As Teacher and Healer: How to Reawaken Your Connection with Nature, Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.com, Inc.

Webb, Benjamin, 1998, Fugitive Faith: Conversations on Spiritual, Environmental, and Community Renewal, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Whelan, Robert, Joseph Kirwanl, and Paul Haffner, 1996, The Cross and the Rain Forest: A Critique of Radical Green Spirituality, Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Taylor, Sarah McFarland, 2004, Green Sisters: Catholic Nuns Answering the Call of the Earth, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Walters, Kerry S., and Lisa Portmess, eds., 2001, Religious Vegetarianism: From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Wilson, Edward O., 1984, Biophilia, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Young, David E., and Jean-Guy Goulet, eds., 1994, Being Changed By Cross-Cultural Encounters: The Anthropology of Extraordinary Experience, Orchard Park, NY: Broadview Press.

Ziff, Bruce, and Pratima V. Rao, eds., 1997, Borrowed Power: Essays on Cultural Appropriation, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Recommended periodicals:

Gaian Voices
http://www.gaianvoices.com

Recommended videos:

A Sense of Place: What is the Appropriate Relationship Between Humans and the Whole Living System?
Butterfly (Julia Hill and Luna) (VHS 18644, 80 min.)
Mauna Kea: Temple Under Siege (VHS 21514, 69 min.)
Mount Shasta: Cathedral of Wilderness
White Shamans, Plastic Medicine Men (VHS 18382, 27 min.)

Recommended web sites:

Alex Grey
http://www.alexgrey.com

Alliance of Religion and Conservation
http://wwf.org.uk

Aquarius Age
http://www.aquariusage.com

Bioneers
http://www.bioneers.org

California Institute of Integral Studies
http://www.ciis.edu

Center for Ecozoic Studies
http://www.ecozoicstudies.org

Circle of Life Foundation
http://www.circleoflifefoundation.org/

Circle Sanctuary
http://www.circlesanctuary.org

Climate Change: An Evangelical Call to Action
http://christiansandclimate.org

Creation Spirituality/Matthew Fox
www.wisdomu.org

Crown Point Ecology Center
http://www.crownpt.org

De Gaarde
http://www.degaarde.org

Dominican Earth Center
http://www.opkentucky.org

Dream of Earth Retreat
http://www.dream-of-earth-retreat.com

Earthcare Connections
http://www.earthcare.ca

EarthLight: The Magazine of Spiritual Ecology
http://www.earthlight.org

Foundation for Global Community
http://www.globalcommunity.org

Genesis Farm
http://www.globaleduc.org/genfarm.htm

Institute for Cultural Ecology
http://www.cultural-ecology.com

Institute for Deep Ecology
http://www.deep-ecology.org

Institute of Global Education
http://www.ecopsych.com

Intermountain Synthesis Center (Mt. Shasta)
http://www.intermountainsynthesis.org

La Vista Ecological Learning Center
http://www.lavistacsa.org

LinkLight
http://www.linklight.com

Living Water Spiritual Center
http://www.e-livingwater.org

Michaela Farm Sisters of St. Francis
http://www.oldenburgfranciscans.org

Monastery of St. Gertrude
http://www.stgertrudes.org

Morning Star Retreat Center
http://www.morningstarretreatcenter.nrt

Mount Shasta Bioregional Ecology Center/Save Mount Shasta
http://www.mountshastaecology.org

Naropa Institute
http://www.naropa.edu

Narrow Ridge Earth Literacy Center
http://www.narrowridge.org

Nazareth Center for Eco-Spirituality
http://www.manitouarbor.org

New Age Truth
http://www.newagetruth.com

New Age Web Works
http://www.newageinfo.com

Partner Earth Educational Center
http://www.partnereartheducationcenter.com

Places of Peace and Power
http://www.sacredsites.com

Prairie Woods Franciscan Spirituality Center
http://www.prariewoods.org

RiverWind Foundation
http://www.theriverwindfoundation.org

Sacred Media
http://www.SacredMedia.com

Sacred Land Film Project
http://www.sacredland.org

Sacred Sites International
http://www.sitesaver.org

Santa Sabina Center
http://www.retreatonline.net/santasabina

Schumacher College
http://www.schumachercollege.org.uk
http://schumachercollege.gn.apc.org/http://www.schumacher.org.uh

Shepherd’s Corner
http://www.sheperdscorner.org

Skyline Eco-Contemplative Center
http://www.ecocontemplative.org

Sophia Center
http://www.hnc.edu/sophia/faculty.html

Sophia’s Portico
http://www.sophiasportico.org

Spirit in Nature
http://www.spiritinnature.com

St. Catherine Farm (Dominican)
http://www.opkentuck.org

St. Mary-of-the-Woods College Program in Earth Literacy
http://www.smwc.edu/prospective/graduate/earth

Talking Leaves: A Journal of Our Evolving Ecological Culture
http://www.talkingleaves.org

Tribes of Creation
http://www.tribesofcreation.com

The Center for Education, Imagination, and the Natural World
http://www.timberlakefarm.org

The Center for the New Age
http://www.sedonanewagecenter.com

The Dream of the Earth Program
http://www.DreamOfTheEarthProgram.org

The Earthen Spirituality Project & Sweet Medicine Women’s Center
http://www.earthenspirituality.org

The Inner Circle [Wicca]
http://www.wicca.com

The Mandala Center
http://www.mandalacenter.org

The Nature Religion Scholars Network - Consultation on Contemporary Pagan Studies
http://chass.colostate-pueblo.edu/paganstudies

The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy
http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca

UNESCO - World Heritage Sites
http://www.unesco.org/uhc/nwhc/pages/sites/main.htm

UCLA Higher Education Research Institute (see report on “The Spiritual Life of College Students: A National Survey of College Student’s Search for Meaning and Purpose”)
http://www.spirituality.ucla.edu

University of Creation Spirituality
http://www.creationspirituality.com
http://www.netser.com

University of Florida, Department of Religion, Fields of Study, Religion and Nature
http://www.religion.ufl.edu

University of Hawaii, Spiritual Ecology Cconcentration
www.soc.hawaii.edu/Sponsel

Waterspirit
http://www.stellamarisretreatcenter.org/waterspirit.html

Whidbey Institute
http://www.whidbeyinstitute.org

___________________________________________________________________

December 12 FINAL EXAMINATION: noon - 12:00

___________________________________________________________________

PUBLISHERS (frequent titles on spiritual ecology):

Bear & Co.
Cassell
Destiny Books
Ecopress
Fortress Press
Franciscan Press
Harvard University Press
Inner Traditions
New Society Publishers
Open Court
Orbis Books
Parallax Press
Paulist Press
Routledge
Sierra Club Books

SOME GENERAL QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

1. How has nature or a specific environment influenced a particular religion and/or the related behaviors of individual adherents and society, and/or the converse?

2. Compare the similarities and differences among the perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, and values of three or more distinct religions in relation to nature and environment.

3. Several parallel themes or underlying common denominators in the spiritual ecology of world religions have been identified from various sources in the course. Write an essay elaborating on one or more of these themes for one or more religions.

4. Describe and explain how a particular religion is responding to the contemporary ecocrisis, and how this in turn is affecting that religion.

5. Why do discrepancies arise between the religious ideals and the daily actions of followers, and how might the discrepancies be reduced?

6. How has interfaith dialogue on spiritual ecology generated environmental action from the national to the international levels?

7. Is the study of spiritual ecology an academic, scientific, and/or religious or spiritual matter?

8. What is the relationship between the natural and the supernatural in spiritual ecology?

9. How do politics enter into spiritual ecology?

10. How is spiritual ecology influencing “secular” components of culture and society?

11. What role has spiritual ecology played in the history of ecology, environmentalism, and/or conservation in the U.S.A. and/or elsewhere?

12. Argue the pros and/or cons of spiritual ecology, or analyze its contributions (actual and potential) as well as limitations.