Controversial Issues in Ecological Anthropology:

"Ecologically Noble Savage" and others

“The Ecologically Noble Savage” versus “Homo devastans” and related matters in ecological revisionism since the Columbian Quincentennial and ongoing eco-imperialism

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Agrawal, A., 1995, “Dismantling the Divide Between Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge,” Development and Change 26:413-439.

Alvard, Michael S., 1993, "Testing the `Ecologically Noble Savage' Hypothesis: Interspecific Prey Choice by Piro Hunters of Amazonian Peru," Human Ecology 21:355-387.

Alvard, Michael S., 1995, "Intraspecific Prey Choice by Amazonian Hunters," Current Anthropology 36(5):789-818.

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Balee, William, 1998, "Historical Ecology: Premises and Postulates," in Advances in Historical Ecology, W. Balee, ed., New York, NY: Columbia University Press, pp. 13-29.

Barnard, Alan, 1999, “Images of Hunters and Gatherers in European Social Thought,” in The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Richard B. Lee and Richard H. Daly, eds., New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 375-383.

Beckerman, Stephen, and Paul Valentine, 1996, "On Native American Conservation and the Tragedy of the Commons," Current Anthropology 37(4):659-661.

Berkhofer, Robert F., Jr., 1979, The White Man’s Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Present, New York, NY: Vintage Books.

Brosius, J. Peter, Anna L. Tsing, and Charles Zerner, 1998, "Representing Communities: Histories and Politics of Community-Based Natural Resource Management," Society and Natural Resources 11(2):157-169.

Bryant, Raymond L., and Sinead Bailey, 1997, Third World Political Ecology, New York, NY: Routledge.

Buege, Douglas J., 1996, "The Ecological Noble Savage Revisited," Environmental Ethics 18(1):71-88.

Burgess, J., 1990, “The Production and Consumption of Environmental Meanings in the Mass Media: A Research Agenda for the 1990s,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, n.s. 15:139-161.

Churchill, Ward, 1997, A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas 1492 to the Present, San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books.

Conklin, Beth A., and Laura R. Graham, 1995, "The Shifting Middle Ground: Amazonian Indians and Eco-Politics," American Anthropologist 97(4):695-710.

Cronon, William, ed., 1996, Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, New York, NY: W.W. Norton.

Deloria, Vine, Jr., 2000, “The Speculations of Kretch: A review article of Krech, Shepard The Ecological Indian W.W. Norton and Company 1999,” Worldviews 4:283-293.

Denevan, William M., 1992, "The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82(3):369-385.

Denevan, W.M., 1996, "Pristine Myth," in Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds., New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co. 3:1034-1036.

Diamond, Jared, 1986 (November 6), "The Environmentalist Myth," Nature 324:19-20.

Diamond, J., 1ii2, "The Golden Age That Never Was," in his The Third Chimpanzee, New York, NY: Harper-Collins Publishers, pp. 317-338, 386-388.

Edgerton, Robert B., 1992, Sick Societies: Challenging the Myth of Primitive Harmony, New York, NY: Free Press.

Ehlers, Eckart, and Carl Friedrich Gethmann, eds., 2003, Environment Across Cultures, New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.

Ellen, Roy, 1986, "What Black Elk Left Unsaid: On the Illusory Images of Green Primitivism," Anthropology Today 2(6):8-12.

Ellingson, Ter, 2001, The Myth of the Noble Savage, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Flannery, T.F., 1995, Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People, New York, NY: George Braziller.

Galvin, Kathleen A., 2001, "Hunter-Gatherer Societies, Ecological Impact," in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Simon Asher Levin, Editor-in-Chief, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 3:411-415.

Gomez-Pompa, Arturo, and Andrea Kraus, 1992, "Taming the Wilderness Myth," BioScience 42(4):271-279.

Grande, Sandy Marie Anglas, 1999, "Beyond the Ecologically Noble Savage: Deconstructing the White Man's Indian," Environmental Ethics 21(3):307-320.

Greenough, Paul, and Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, eds., 2003, Nature in the Global South: Environmental Projects in South and Southeast Asia, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Grinde, Donald A., and Bruce E. Johansen, 1995, “Native Americans: America’s First Ecologists?,” in their Ecocide of Native America: Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples, Santa Fe, NM: Clear Light Publishers, pp. 22-55.

Guha, Ramachandra, 1997, "The Authoritarian Biologist and the Arrogance of Anti-Humanism: Wildlife Conservation in the Third World," The Ecologist 27:14-20.

Hagan, William T., 1980, "Justifying Dispossession of the Indian: The Land Utilization Agrument," in American Indian Environments: Ecological Issues in Native American History, Christopher Vecsey and Robert W. Venables, eds., Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, pp. 65-80.

Hames, Raymond B., 1979, "A Comparison of the Efficiencies of the Shotgun and the Bow in Neotropical Forest Hunting," Human Ecology 7(3):219-252.

Hames, R.B., 1991, "Wildlife Conservation in Tribal Societies," in Biodiversity: Culture, Conservation, and Ecodevelopment, Margery L. Oldfield and Janis B. Alcorn, ed., Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 172-199.

Headland, Thomas N., 1997, "Revisionism in Ecological Anthropology," Current Anthropology 38(4):605-630.

International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1997, Indigenous Peoples and Sustainability: Cases and Actions, Utrecht, The Netherlands: International Books.

Jackson, Jean E., 1995, "Culture, Genuine and Spurious: The Politics of Indianness in the Vaupes, Colombia," American Ethnologist 22(1):3-27.

Jahoda, Gustav, 1999, Images of Savages: Ancient Roots of Modern Prejudice in Western Culture, New York, NY: Routledge.

Johnson, Allen, 1989, "How the Machigenga Manage Resources: Conservation or Exploitation of Nature?," Advances in Economic Botany 7:213-222.

Kalland, Arne, 1993 (December), "Whale Politics and Green Legitimacy: A Critique of the Anti-Whaling Campaign," Anthropology Today 9(6):3-7.

Kalland, Arne, 2003, “Environmentalism and Images of the Other,” in Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, ed., Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 1-17.

Kalland, Arne, 2003, “Anthropology and the Concept of `Sustainability’: Some Reflections,” in Imagining Nature: Practices of Cosmology and Identity, Andreas Roepstorff, Nils Bubandt, and Kalevi Kull, eds., Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, pp. 161-177.

Klein, Kerwin Lee, 1997, Frontiers of the Historical Imagination: Narrating the European Conquest of Native America, 1890-1990, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Kretch, Shepard, 1999, The Ecological Indian: Myth and History, New York, NY: W.W. Norton.

Leach, Melissa, and James Fairhead, 2002, “Anthropology, Culture, and Environment,” in Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines, Jeremy MacClancy, ed., Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 209-226.

Fairhead, James, and Melissa Leach, 1996, Misreading the African Landscape: Society and Ecology in a Forest-Savanna Mosaic, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Fairhead, James, and Melissa Leach, 1998, Reframing Deforestation: Global Analyses and Local Realities: Studies in West Africa, London, UK: Routledge.

MacDonald, D.R., 1977, "Food Taboos: A Primitive Environmental Protection Agency (South America)," Anthropos 72(5/6):734-748.

Mann, Charles C., March 2002, “1491,” The Atlantic Monthly 289(3):41-53.

Martin, Calvin, 1978, Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

McNeely, Jeffrey A., ed., 1995, Expanding Partnerships in Conservation, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Milton, Kay, 1996, “Environmentalism and Cultural Diversity,” in her Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse, New York, NY: Routledge.

Milton, Kay, ed., 1993, Environmentalism: The View from Anthropology, New York, NY: Routledge.

Nadasdy, Paul, 2005, "Transcending the Debate over the Ecologically Noble Indian: Indigenous Peoples and Environmentalism," Ethnohistory 52(2):291-331.

Nugent, Stephen, 1997, "The Coordinates of Identity in Amazonia: At Play in the Fields of Culture," Critique of Anthropology 17(1):33-51.

Oelschlaeger, Max, 1991, The Idea of Wilderness: From Prehistory to the Age of Ecology, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Pandian, Jacob, 1985, “The Mythology of the Savage Other in the Western Traditions,” in his Anthropology and the Western Tradition: Toward an Authentic Anthrpopology, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc.,, pp. 62-69.

Parker, Eugene, 1992, "Forest Islands and Kayapo Resource Management in Amazonia: A Reappraisal of the Apete," American Anthropologist 94:406-428.

Parker, E., 1993, "Fact and Fiction in Amazonia: The Case of Apete," American Anthropologist 95:715-723.

Piperno, D.R., 1994, “Phytolith and Charcoal Evidence for Prehistoric Slash-and-Burn Agriculture in the Darien Rainforest of Panama,” The Holocene 4(3):34-50.

Posey, Darrell A., 1982, "Keepers of the Forest," Garden 6:18-24.

Posey, D.A., 1985, "Indigenous Management of Tropical Forest Ecosystems: The Case of the Kayapo Indians of the Brazilian Amazon," Agroforestry Systems 3:139-158.

Posey, D.A., 1989, "Alternatives to Forest Destruction: Lessons from the Mebengokre Indians," Ecologist 19(6):241-244.

Posey, D.A., 1992, "Reply to Parker," American Anthropologist 94:406-428.

Posey, D.A., 1996, "Protecting Indigenous Peoples' Rights to Biodiversity," Environment 38(8):7-9, 37-45.

Posey, D., and W. Balee, eds., 1989, "Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies," Advances in Economic Botany, volume 7.

Ramachandra, Guha, 1997, “The Authoritarian Biologist and the Arrogance of Antihumanism: Wildlife Conservation in the Third World,” The Ecologist 27(1):14-20.

Redford, Kent H., 1990, “The Ecological Noble Savage,” Orion Nature Quarterly 9(3):25-29.

Redford, Kent H., 1991, “The Ecologically Noble Savage,” Cultural Survival Quarterly 9(1):41-44.

Redford, Kent H., 1992, "The Empty Forest," BioScience 42(6):412-22.

Redford, K.H., and J.A. Mansour, eds., 1996, Traditional Peoples and Biodiversity Conservation in Large Tropical Landscapes, Arlington, VA: American Verde Publications.

Redford, K.H., and John G. Robinson, 1985, "Hunting by Indigenous Peoples and Conservation of Game Species," Cultural Survival Quarterly 9(1):41-44.

Redford, K.H., and J.G. Robinson, 1987, "The Game of Choice: Patterns of Indian and Colonist Hunting in the Neotropics," American Anthropologist 89:650-667.

Redford, K.H., and Allyn M. Stearman, 1993, "Forest-dwelling Native Amazonians and the Conservation of Biodiversity: Interests in Common or in Collision?," Conservation Biology 7(2):248-255.

Redford, K.H., and A.M. Stearman, 1993, "On Common Ground:Response to Alcorn," Conservation Biology 7(2):427-428.

Redman, Charles L., 1999, Human Impact on Ancient Environments, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Rothenberg, David, Winter 1996, “Will the Real Chief Seattle Please Speak Up: An Interview with Ted Perry,” Terra Nova 1(1):68-82.

Russell, Diane, and Camilla Harshbarger, 2003, GroundWork for Community-Based Conservation: Strategies for Social Research, Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.

Schwartzman, Stehpan, 2000, “Indians, Environmentalists and Tropical Forests: The Curious History of the `Ecological Noble Savage’,” Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association.

Senior, John, 2005, "Noble Savage," The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, Bron Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Continuum Press 2:1208-1209.

Smith, Linda Tuhiwai, 1999, Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples, New York, NY: Zed Books, Ltd.

Smith, Eric Alden, and Mark Wishnie, 2000, "Conservation and Subsistence in Small-Scale Societies," Annual Review of Anthropology 29:493-524.

Soule, Michael, and Gary Lease, eds., 1994, Reinventing Nature? Responses to Postmodern Deconstructionism, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Sponsel, L.E., 1992, “Our Fascination with the Tasaday: Anthropological Images and Images of Anthropology,” in The Tasaday Controversy: Assessing the Evidence, Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association Special Publication, pp. 200-212.

Sponsel, L.E., 1992, "The Environmental History of Amazonia: Natural and Human Disturbances, and the Ecological Transition," in Changing Tropical Forests: Historical Perspectives on Today's Challenges in Central and South America, Harold K. Steen and Richard P. Tucker, eds., Durham, NC: Forest History Society, pp. 233-251.

Sponsel, L.E., 1997, "The Human Niche in Amazonia: Explorations in Ethnoprimatology," in New World Primates: Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Warren Kinzey, ed., Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, pp. 143-165.

Sponsel, L.E., 1998, “The Historical Ecology of Thailand: Increasing Thresholds of Human Environmental Impact from Prehistory to the Present,” in Advances in Historical Ecology, William Balee, ed., New York, N: Columbia University Press, pp. 376-404.

Sponsel, L.E., 2001, “Is Spiritual Ecology a New Fad? Reflections from the Historical and Spiritual Ecology of Hawaii” in Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, John Grim, ed., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 159-174.

Sponsel, L.E., 2001, “Human Impact on Biodiversity, Overview,” in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Simon Asher Levin, Editor-in-CHief, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 3:395-409.

Sponsel, L.E., 2005, "Noble Savage and the `Ecologically Noble' Savage," The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, Bron Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, New York, NY: Contiuum Press 2:1210-1212.

Stearman, Allyn M., 1992, "Commercial Hunting by Subsistence Hunters: Siriono Indians and Paraguayan Caiman in Lowland Bolivia," Human Organization 51(3):235-244.

Stearman, Allyn M., 1994, "Only Slaves Climb Trees--- Revisitng the Myth of the Ecologically Noble Savage in Amazonia," Human Nature 5(4)::339-357.

Stevens, S., ed., 1997, Conservation Through Cultural Survival: Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Turner, Terence, 1995, "An Indigenous People's Struggle for Socially Equitable and Ecologically Sustainable Production: The Kayapo Revolt Against Extractivism," Journal of Latin American Anthropology 1(1):98-121.

Vickers, William T., 1991, "Hunting Yields and Game Composition Over Ten Years in an Amazonian Indian Territory," in Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation, John G. Robinson and Kent H. Redford, eds., pp. 53-81.

Whaley, Rick, and Walter Bresette, 1994, Walleye Warriors: An Effective Alliance against Racism and for the Earth, Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers.

Zerner, Charles, ed., 2003, Culture and the Question of Rights: Forests, Coasts, and Seas in Southeast Asia, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.