The New Way of Driving

G29 Generation, Spring 2009, Psychology 409a

Student author: Amy Tsubota: http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/leon/409as2009/tsubota/tsubota-home.htm

G29 Student Reports Home Page: http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/leon/409as2009/

Instructor Dr. Leon James: http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy/leon.html

Instructions for this Report: http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy29/409a-g29-report.htm 

Class Home Page for G29: http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy29/classhome-g29.htm

 

Introduction:  A Whole New World of Driving

Hello, my name is Amy Tsubota and I am taking Dr. James Driving Psychology class. I honestly learned a lot in this class. It helped me see whole new perspectives of the driving world that I thought never existed. For example, the merging debate, who would’ve known that there are researchers trying to study whether early merging is better or late merging, is better, or figuring where exactly is the best place to merge so they can make the flow of traffic smoother.

Also, who would’ve known that there are people who make hypermiling into a daily routine? I did not even know there was such a technique that could help save energy, miles, and cost. But also, I did not know that it can be dangerous and a type of aggressive driving. On a personal level, I learned that one of my family members can be an aggressive driver, and that as a passenger I should not feel scared while that member is driving. It is also our right to feel protected while in a vehicle as a passenger.

And while being in this class, I learned that the driver has to want to change for himself, for the change to be successful. After learning so many things, I feel like it is my responsibility to help my family members change their ways, because sometimes their driving is pretty scary and I do not want other people to be frightened by it. So, as you can see driving affects basically everyone. It would be good for everyone to learn at least some of the things this class has taught us!

 

Part I: My Stimulated Interview on Driving Psychology

1. Interviewer:   2) How do you define aggressive driving?

2. Author:    Well, there is no definite answer to that, but to me, aggressive driving is driving with a reckless or irresponsible behavior, for example, speeding with your vehicle, not paying attention to the road, tail gating people because they cut you off, not obeying traffic laws, or someone who continuously switches lanes because the other lane seem to be faster. It is funny because there are people who think that aggressive driving is a type of driving style, so it is not really hostile, it just shows how confident and competitive they can be.

But as a society, these days, they are referring aggressive driving and also road rage to hostile and illegal driving because this kind of driving is really dangerous.

 3. Interviewer:   2) Well, how do you measure aggressive driving?

4. Author:    Aggressive driving can be measured indirectly or directly. Indirect is a measurement by not being observed, and relying on someone else. For example, you doing a checklist on how aggressive you are, of course it is going to be hard to admit where you actually are aggressive.

                     A direct measurement is when you are directly observed. For example, an officer tickets you for aggressive driving, like speeding. The only thing is that he would have to observe you for 5 minutes before he can pull you over.

5. Interviewer: 2) Can you tell me why this is an important issue?

6. Author:    This is an important issue because the statistics show that aggressive driving has increased since the late 1980s and that crash injuries reached six million each year, even though cars and roads are safer. This shows how much of an impact aggressive and reckless driving can have. Studies have shown that it is also growing in many countries now, even worldwide.

For example, in New Delhi, there is no traffic engineering, so if no one lets them drive through the intersection, people will honk and try to push their way in until someone stops. You can see already that this is not a safe driving practice and can cause a lot of accidents which shows that this is a growing issue everywhere.

7. Interviewer: 3) What exactly is road rage?

8. Author:    Well, there are a lot of different definitions for the term road rage. To sum it up, road rage is referred to going into a state of anger that leads to aggressive behavior, whether verbal or physical. So an example of a verbal road rage would be calling other drivers names, like “Stupid clown, I’ll kill you!” and an example of a physical road rage would be actually getting out of the vehicle and causing damage by kicking the other driver’s car.

9. Interviewer:             3) What are the different types of road rage and please contrast it from aggressive driving?

10. Author:  Aggressive driving is different from road rage by not actually going into a state of out of control behavior; it is actually like a habit or something done on a daily basis. For example, aggressive driving would be tail gating someone who cuts you off but road rage would be actually following them to the destination and beating them up causing an incident. So, road rage takes aggressive driving to a whole new level. There are many different types of road rage.

There is habitual road rage, which is a way to get back at drivers who act badly, that way we feel better and more superior. Another type is passive aggressive road rage, which is when a person holds all the feeling of anger, from like being mistreated or wronged, and then taking all that anger out on the victim, because they can’t take it anymore.

A really scary type of road rage that is also really dangerous is epic road rage, which is when the driver gets caught in this super hero role and goes to extreme measures against their victim. They think about hurting their victim, like following them and punching them to death, or shooting them till their dead, and they sometimes unconsciously really doing these things.

11. Interviewer:           5) Can you tell me what the merging debate is and the issues that are drawn in?

12. Author:  The merging debate has two categories, which are Early Mergers or Late Mergers. Early merging is when you see signs that a lane is closing from several miles away and you merge into the open lane to avoid late merging. It is good because you won’t feel forced to merge, even though it may take longer to pass the construction zone because you are in a line of cars. Studies have shown that it helps lessen forced merging, fewer traffic conflicts, and fewer rear end collisions.

The only bad thing about early merging is that the line in the lane is way longer earlier and it takes longer because full capacity of that lane is being used. Late merging is when you merge at the last sign and area where they cone off to let late mergers in the other lane. The good thing about late merging is that you don’t have to wait, as long as the early mergers because the road being blocked, is being used by half of its capacity, and they get an advantage to get ahead of early mergers.

The bad thing about late mergers is that when they make their way to the end of the off ramps, they could block a free flowing lane of traffic and irritate others when trying to merge and some people would call them “cheaters.”

13. Interviewer:           5) Why do you think it is a hard problem to solve? And who do you think is right and who is wrong?

14: Author:  I think it is a hard problem to solve because everyone has their own opinions about early merging and late merging. If they think that early merging is better they are just going to get in the lane earlier and if they believe in late merging they will merge later. At the same time everyone is doing their own thing and it causes traffic problems, for example, people can get rear ended, feel angry because the late mergers didn’t have to wait as long as they did, or get into forceful accidents because the early mergers won’t let them in.

To me, I think there is no right and wrong, because depending on certain situations, it could be better to late merge or early merge. For example, it is better to early merge on off ramps, that way others won’t feel cheated and it is more polite.

15. Interviewer:           5) What are some of the solutions for managing this issue?

16. Author:  I think a good solution would be educating people on the merging debate. Honestly, I never even knew anything about early merging or late merging. If people were more aware of the merging phenomenon, I think it will help open eyes and people will take notice. And traffic engineers are more aware of this problem. For example, in Minnesota they decided to refine the Dynamic Late Merge, which is when flashing signs are activated when the traffic volume is at the point where late merging is optimum.

17. Interviewer:           7) How are men and women different in driving behavior and explain this.

18. Author:  Men are seen as more aggressive than women. In the section of the book, Gender Effect, it talks about how men have more experiences in negative emotions, like rage, impatience, or danger and women are seen as more compassionate. Also, men are seen to be more of a risk taker and thrill seeker because they have more testosterone than women. This is shown true because insurance rates for young men are charged 18 percent above the base rate.

So, young men are more prone to get into accidents. But because of changes in society and culture, (for example, more women are working) women are also rising in aggressiveness, just not as much as men.

19. Interviewer:           7) Are the statistics on this issue reliable or valid?

20. Author:  I think the statistics on this issue is reliable and valid. There are many studies done on this issue. Many different articles all agree that men are killed more in car accidents than females, especially when men are young.

21. Interviewer:           7) What motivates the stereotype that women drivers are worse than men, or that women can’t park?

22. Author:  Well, women are seen to be more careless when they are driving, because they have bad judgment errors. So, when some women have to park, it will take them awhile to get into the stall because they cannot make good judgment, as for if a male driver parks it would only be a second. Also, when women drivers get into accidents, it is seen as such an easy mistake that could have been avoided by male drivers, compared to when a male driver gets in an accident, it is seen as something big because of how risky it was.

23. Interviewer:           8) Explain what the great hypermiling debate is and what are some of the dangers of it? What are some good things about it also?

24. Author:  The debate with hypermiling is that some people see it as aggressive driving, but some people see it as a way to save money, energy, and prevent pollution. Some of their good techniques or habits they get into daily are making their car light as can be, warming up their engine before driving, inflating tire pressure, and coasting which can get 60 mpg out by going 5 mph.

It is seen as aggressive driving because some people take it to the extreme, for example for the “drafting” technique they like to tail gate big vehicles, so that it reduces flow of air which helps increase gas mileage. But it is really dangerous because you can’t see ahead what the traffic conditions are like. Also, they practice hypermiling in the left lane, where they go lower than speed limit and they assume others will pass them in the right lane, which a lot of people get annoyed at because sometimes they’ll just get stuck behind. 

25. Interviewer:           8) Is this problem getting worse or better?

26. Author:  This problem is getting a bit worse, because people are turning it into a competitive thing and taking it to the extreme. There are going to be newbie’s that want to try hypermiling, so just from them, there is going to be a lot of mistakes and misunderstandings of how it is supposed to be done. I think instead of trying on your free will, people should take classes and be educated on safe ways of hypermiling.

27. Interviewer:           9) What is your opinion on cell phones, to have hand held or speaker based cell phones? Why do researchers have such a hard time to decide on this problem?

28. Author:  I think it would be safer to have a speaker based cell phone, so at least you can have two hands on the wheel. It is much harder to drive with a hand held cell phone, I notice I tend to not operate my car to its fullest potential because for example, when I talk to someone I sometimes drop my phone and I actually try to find it, while I am still driving. So, I have no idea if the car in front of me is going to stop and when it does CRASH! But, luckily it hasn’t got to that point yet.

                     Researchers have such a hard time with this because everyone has cell phones. Studies by “The National Traffic Safety Administration estimates that there will be 80 million cell phone users by the end of 2000.” And in our world today, it seems like both hand held and speaker based cell phones can be a distraction while we are driving especially in young and in the elderly.

29. Interviewer:           9) Should there be legislation to ban the use of all phones while driving? And should drivers be trained to use cell phones when driving? Can this be the basis for licensing the use of cell phones in cars?

30. Author:  Studies have shown that automobile crashes have increased while the driver is talking on the cell phone. I think the legislation shouldn’t ban the use of all phones while driving, because even if they do, people will still talk on the phone. They would probably hide their phones whenever they see a cop, but after they pass them they would continue talking on the phone. So, I think that drivers should be trained to use cell phones when driving.

 I had a lot of close calls, even to this day, so if there was a way to teach drivers, I think it would really help. It is worth a try. And I don’t think that it can be the basis for licensing the use of cell phones in cars. Because cell phones are a big part of our life now, I don’t think drivers would care if they had to be licensed to use cell phones or not.

31. Interviewer:           10) Define the threefold self of the driver. How does it help drivers?

32. Author:  The threefold self of the driver is describes how our driving behavior consists of 3 different parts of personality. 1) Affective consists of our feelings when driving 2) Cognitive consists of what the driving is thinking 3) Sensorimotor consists of what the driver see and hears and their actions.

If a driver can master these threefold self they can overcome making reckless decisions that can be dangerous or harmful to their self or others around them. And this will show that they can be in control of their own emotion, actions, and thoughts.

33. Interviewer:           10) Should drivers be taught about their threefold self? And how is this done?

34. Author: I believe drivers should be taught about the threefold self because it can make them into better drivers. It is done by three different domains: 1) Kindergarten and Elementary School, which focuses on the Affective driving skills, and should be taught first. You would learn how to establish your attitude behind the wheel.  You learn things like how you can create stress inside and outside of your car and trying not to be competitive by conquering space.

2) Middle School, which focuses on the cognitive and sensorimotor. In this domain you learn how be more aware instead of daydreaming and understanding what is safe for everyone on the road, (like children, pedestrian, and cyclists.  3) High School, which focuses on adding on Sensorimotor driving skills. You would have to learn how to drive with a licensed and experienced driver and things like controlling facial rage.

And even after they graduate after high school they still need to continue driving. There are programs like the Quality Driving Circles, where a small group of people meet up and practice driving and follow up on the threefold self.

35. Interviewer:           10) How is the threefold self of men drivers and women drivers different?

36. Author:  Men have a harder time of bettering themselves than women do. Men have more pride and might not want to go through with it as much as women do. Women would be more compelled to go through the threefold of self because it would give them more confidence when driving.

37. Interviewer:           10) How is the threefold self related to emotional intelligence?

38. Author:  The threefold self is related to emotional intelligence because they both deal with you to looking into your feelings, thoughts, and actions. When you are in control of these three you can have positive feeling and are less likely to go do something reckless and negative.

39. Interviewer:           11) What is your proposal for lifelong driver education and what would it take to have this plan adopted by society? Why hasn’t it been done?

40. Author:  My proposal is to have people follow programs like the Lifelong Driver Education program. It takes a long time for someone to change, particularly, when they learned it a certain way and made it into a habit. So, we should try to start the process of change early on in life like in kindergarten. As parents, our kids watch our behaviors (whether good or bad) while driving, so we should teach them the proper way of driving all the way till they are adults themselves, especially till the end of high school. Because they are the next generation of drivers, but once they are able to get their license, they should be taught that driving education is continuous and should not be stopped because they can fall into bad habits anytime. So, we should let them know that today there are actually groups, like the Quality Driving Circle group, that gather to practice safe driving and to maintain the good way of driving.

41. Interviewer:           12) What is the age of rage?

42. Author:  The age of rage defined as how our society now are turning to support and promote the acceptance of violent and aggressive behaviors. People are becoming to see that anger is okay on television or on video games.

43. Interviewer:           12) How is it related to aggressive driving? And what other sorts of rages are there today?

44. Author:  It is related to aggressive driving by making people have a negative attitude when driving. For example, if the driver had a bad day at work he would probably take it out on other drivers by criticizing them. Different types of rages are the parking lot rage, sidewalk rage, Surf rage, and many more. So, we can see that rage is spreading everywhere!!

45. Interviewer:           12) Is it going to get better or worse? Do media play a role?

46. Author:  I think that it is getting worse. People are getting influenced by media about violence and aggression. Our culture is not really showing us how to control our anger, but to take it out on other people. Especially, video games are getting really aggressive and people actually want it to be aggressive to have fun.

 

Part II: My Driving Personality Makeover

Introduction: To Change or Not to Change

Have you ever wondered how your driving affects others, whether in a good way or in a bad way? I honestly never really thought about it, until my boyfriend claimed that I was a really bad driver. At that time, I didn’t know how to fix my driving ways appropriately. There were times I took his opinion into consideration, by slowing down my turns or just driving slow in general, but it was never consistent.

While I took Driving Psychology, I learned that not only did it affect my passengers in my vehicle, but it affected people outside of my vehicle, and most importantly me. That was when it clicked. I had to want to change for myself and not for my boyfriend. This is one of the most important steps in, The Three Step Driver Self Improvement Program, which is to acknowledge. This is the first step, because if you don’t want to change for yourself, then it will never be a consistent change.

I can see that’s what had happened to me, whenever I drove without my boyfriend I drove more carelessly, not thinking about the opinions he had of my driving. The second step is to witness all the things that go through your head internally and externally, like your feelings and how you act when you’re driving. For example, my boyfriend is a pretty good driver, and he lets me know when I don’t drive too smoothly or that I tend to speed up when I drive. So, basically he lets me know my bad traits, which can be frustrating at times.

Because of what I learned, I found to that it’s good to take criticism positively and turn it into something that you can work on. The third step is to modify, which is to change the problem one step at a time. I learned that change can take a long time, so we have to keep practicing to keep the good habits going. So, don’t give up!

Prior Research: Summarizations of Other Articles
One of the articles that stood out to me was by
Jocelyn Manibusan, from generation 11. She talked about how she wanted to change the way she drove too close to other cars in front of her. She stated that she unconsciously got into the habit of closing in on space because during traffic times, she noticed that people would try to force their way in front of her, if there was enough space. During her makeover, I thought she had a good idea of having someone with her while she was in the process of changing her behavior.

Also, it was good that she told herself, that she was driving too close each time she ganged up on a car, even though her passenger was there. This shows how committed she is to this makeover.  I think what would have been better was if her passenger logged how many times she drove too close and how many times she told herself that she was too close and see if it decreases in time.

Another report that I found was by Jason Nakasato from generation 2. His makeover attempt was pretty easy. He was to record his thoughts, feelings, actions for 5 days, to see if self awareness would make him a better driver. I think he started off well, by using a tape recorder to record whatever comes to mind. On his report, he logs three days, he never finishes the last two days, so his report isn’t as valid as Jocelyn’s report. 

It seemed like he tried only once to change his ways, so I think he went back to his old driving habits and decided not to go through and finish the makeover plan. This shows his lack of commitment to changing and how hard it is to change for some people. But, for his makeover plan I think he needed to change and get out of his old habit of focusing on the wrong things while on the road. 

I found another report by Craig Kawamura from generation 10. His self modification was based on reducing his anger whenever other vehicles cut him off. He had his friend take down how many times he got mad and then let him know. And his self solution was to tell himself things like, “They should not ruin his day” or “He’s just in a rush.” But his report was very consistent because he did it for 4 days.

He said he learned a lot from his self modification and that he wishes that others would try to get rid of their bad habits. I would say that this study is valid because he had someone track the amount of times he got angry. He concluded that after this modification he eventually learned to just ignore the people cutting him off, so it shows that he really wanted to change his anger problem.

My Makeover Attempts
I learned that when I want to change the behavior of my driving, I have to go through the threefold self which is: sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective. To learn how to use sensorimotor is controlling things like motor reactions, vision, or stress. An example would be making sure you check your mirrors, or not talking on phone while driving.

 For cognitive it is controlling your inner thoughts and judgments, for example, you think positively and not negatively about people who cut you off. And lastly, for affective, it helps you control your feelings, emotions, and morals. An example is when you learn how to be less scared towards cops by following the law. So, after you put each aspect into play you can totally change your behavior to a good behavior in time. But the only thing is that you have to keep practicing it for it to work appropriately.

 

Make Over #1- Sensorimotor

For my sensorimotor experiment, I am going to try and learn how to drive smoothly and gradually. My boyfriend and friends always complain about how I brake or stop abruptly whenever I stop or go. He also said that he feels car sick every time I drive. And one of my friend said that her head flies forward every time I stop or slow down or when I press the gas pedal. I thought it was funny, because it was actually true, but I realized that my passengers shouldn’t feel like that. They should not feel uncomfortable when I drive or scared.

So, I came up with a plan to drive smoothly and gradually. I had a diary and in the diary I wrote a short check list and before I drive to my destination, I have to read the check list out loud. The check list has 8 goals, which are: 1. Try to be gradual 2. Don’t speed up, whenever I see a stop sign or stop light. 3. Try not to scare passengers or yourself 4. If I’m late don’t rush, drive smoothly 5. Slow down gradually, when can see traffic lights from afar 6. Always press the gas pedal gradually 7. Be positive. 8. Tell yourself, “slowly~” when breaking or beginning to press gas pedal. So, after I read this out loud, I can write how I am feeling before and after I drive, and underneath that I had a part for the passengers to leave any comments, and if they were in the vehicle with me they would check the ones that I successfully accomplished in that day. I drive a lot in a day so I was going to do this checklist every time I drive my car. 

OBERVATION:

In the morning I actually woke up late. So, when I got in my car I read the checklist, but I never wrote how I felt because I was late. As I was driving, I raced out of my drive way and I pushed the gas pedal down to full speed. I kind of did not care about this, because I was the only one in my car. But when I saw the stop sign down the road, I decided to take this make over seriously.

When I got to my destination, I looked over the check list again and I checked only 4. I forgot to tell myself “slowly,” I failed to not rush, I did not always push the gas pedal gradually, and I was not positive about it. After, I noticed how much I checked off; I decided to take it more seriously, the next time I drove because it made me want to improve myself.

So, the second time I drove. I had a passenger. I read the check list out loud and gave her my book for her to check off my goals accomplished. It was easier to stay focused when she was there because it made me feel like I should be more careful. Every time I pressed the gas pedal or braked I told myself, “slowly or easy” more often. When we got to our destination, she graded me, and I ended up having 8 checks. It really made a difference when she was with me, but I needed to do it without having someone with me too.

The third time, I had to drive I had the same passenger. But this time she sat in the back. I read the checklist and gave her my book again. Feeling positive about my last results, I thought to myself, “I can do this.” It felt different because I could not see my friend, but I knew she was watching me. But, as we reached our destination, my friend, said that she checked all 8 again, but she told me, my driving was really smooth.

The fourth time, I had to drive, I was by myself. I read the checklist with a positive attitude and I thought to myself “I can do this without passengers!” So, as I started driving all I thought to myself was “smooth” and “gradual.” When I got to my last destination for the day, I looked over the checklist and I checked off all 8. I was so happy.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, I noticed that as I kept reading the checklist throughout the day, it was like someone reminding me, don’t forget to slow down and just take it easy. I actually thought telling myself when I was driving to go easy and slowly, helped me a lot. And it helped a lot when I wanted to change and take this makeover seriously. The next day, I found myself just doing it automatically (softly pushing the gas pedal and slowly braking). I plan on doing this as long as I can, for the sake of myself and my boyfriend and friends. 

 

Make Over #2- Cognitive                               

For my cognitive experiment, I decided to do it on remembering to leave early, so that I do not rush. I have a problem of getting up late, and I want to change that because I feel like that’s what is making me a bit aggressive in the mornings when I drive to school. I feel it would be safer for me to make this change because then I would not be speeding crazy and getting mad at people when it is not even their fault.

For this make over, I decided that I’m going to get up early and keep a diary and write what I am thinking before I drive and after I drive. On top of that if I do get up late, I’m going to tell myself, “Don’t rush, I’m going to be late anyway.” Hopefully that will help me slow down. And if someone drives slowly, I’m going to tell myself, “Relax, it’s not their fault, they are just on time.”

OBSERVATION

April 09, 2009

I ended up waking up late. My class had already started. I told myself, “Don’t rush, I’m going to be late anyway in the beginning. But as I drove more I caught myself driving faster, I believe I was going 10 mph more. When I caught myself I told myself, to “Relax, why rush.” As I got out of the Pali tunnel there was a 3 car collision. So, I thought to myself, “Good thing I did not rush, because that could have been me.” I probably would have been aggressive by speeding and change lanes constantly. 

I was so glad I decided to start on this make over plan today. That seriously woke me up, if I was driving how I was before, I could have been involved in this accident. But, as I was driving, the accident brought a lot of cops on the Pali, so that also helped me maintain a steady speed while I was driving to school.

When I got to school, I wrote in my dairy about how I thought it was very successful. Especially when I saw the accident and cops, because it made me think that it is better to be late than rush and be in an accident.

April 10, 2009

I ended up waking up early today, because I felt bad going to class late yesterday. But I was proud of myself for actually getting to class on time. It felt like I did not have to rush. I did not have to tell myself to “Relax” or I never got angry as much. When I got to school, I was actually in a good mood, also.

April 11, 2009

Today I ended up getting up late unfortunately. I had to go to work, so I got ready as fast as I could. I saw my dairy and I decided to write in it later. But, I did keep telling myself not to rush. I ended up getting caught by this really slow car, and so I decided to put my aggressiveness to the test. I thought to myself that if I do not rush then this car would be going same speed as me. But if I do rush, and then I would probably be tailgating him. So, I decided to just go speed limit and I kept telling myself to “relax.” And by the time I knew it, he was going down a different route.

When I got to work, I wrote in my diary how I stopped to think, before I reacted. I forgot to remember to get up early, so it was my fault and I should not take it out on others who are on time and not in a rush.

CONCLUSION

I would have to conclude that I’m surprised that I am very focused on this makeover. I did not think I would even last one day, but I have to say that I am proud of myself. I wanted to prove that I can change the way I drive because I’m tired of scaring my boyfriend or friends.                                                                                      

 

MAKEOVER #3- Affective

For this lovely makeover I decided that I should control my feelings more when I drive. For most people, when other driver’s cut them off they get pissed off. Well, I am part of that percentage. I want to try and be more tolerant of other drivers, especially when they cut me off.

So, for this makeover I decided that I’m going to try and understand why the other driver is cutting me off. I’m going to tell myself that the driver who cut me off is just in a rush because he is late for an important meeting. Hopefully, that won’t make me mad. I’m going to put a penny in a cup in my cup holder every time I tell myself something good about the drivers that cut me off.

OBSERVATION

On the way to school, there is always traffic on the Pali. That is where it always happens; someone cuts me off because the lane I am in is faster. I told myself do not get mad, they are just late for an important meeting. After I told myself this, I put a penny in my cup. It made me feel better. I felt really good, as I drove further down the Pali, so I was cruising in my lane going speed limit. Then all of a sudden, this driver behind me changed lanes and decided to cut me off, I guess because I was going speed limit. At that point I was pretty mad, so I counted to ten and told myself do not worry, he is just trying to get to school on time. When I got to school I had two pennies in my cup. I was pretty satisfied, but it was a close on the second incident, because I almost wanted to tail gate him. On the way home from school, I felt the need to fill the cup with more pennies. So, I decided to take the longer way home. I drove towards the Like Like Highway.

When I got on the Like Like Highway I thought I was doing good going 5 mph over, but I guess other drivers thought I was driving really slowly because a truck and a car both passed me. And this truck that cut me off, had looked at me when he had passed me.

I got really offended. I decided to count to 20, and I kept telling myself he just wanted to hurry to see his newborn baby. I just kept telling myself that, till I felt the evil feelings disappear. The car that had cut me off just zoomed along also. For that car, I told myself that, “Oh, he is just late to pick up his kids from practice.” After I kept telling myself that, I felt really proud. And when I got home, I did not feel as angry as I did before.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, I learned that it is possible to tolerate other drivers and put it in a good positive energy, making that energy stay with you. From this make over, I learned that I should not blame others or be angry at them, because I really do not know why they are in a rush. For example, it could have been an emergency. But overall, I learned to put myself in their shoes.


 

Part III: My Annotated Web Resources on Driving Psychology

1.      Driving Behavior

http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/88xx/doc8893/01-14-GasolinePrices.pdf

I selected this site because I thought it is interesting, how something this small can impact our driving behavior. This article is on how gas prices affects peoples driving behavior in California. They saw that when gas prices rose people were less likely to go out and drive, and they saw an increase in riding the rail transit. They also stated that more and more people are choosing to buy fuel efficient cars. Less people are buying the light trucks, SUVs, and minivans.

 

http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions.com/content/4/1/34

I selected this article because it was interesting to read about how they did tests to see if something in the brain causes more risk taking driving behavior. They believed that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a brain region, can control the way we drive safe. They used a stimulator before and after over the left or right DLPFC and tested 24 male participants. They found that excitation of the DLPFC on both sides can help lead to safer driving.

 

2.      Parking lot rage

http://www.autostalk.com/corvette/parking-lot-rage-511176.html

I selected this site because there are people who talk about what irritates them when they are at a parking lot like Home Depot. But then one of the person that wrote on the site stated that whenever he sees a car parked far away he know that, that driver wants no dings on his cars so, he parks far. But this person said that he looks for people who park far away from him and likes to park as close to that car as he can. I thought this was interesting because I thought that no one would really do that, but I guess there are people that do.

 

http://www.bofunk.com/video/1457/parking_lot_rage.html

I selected this site because there is a video clip that shows how people act in a parking lot rage. This video clip is from the TV show “Malcom in the Middle.” The scenario starts where the mother is waiting for her son in the parking lot, and a woman, parked right next to her, comes back from the grocery store and hits her car, while she puts her groceries inside. The lady that hit her car did not apologize, so the mom hit her car back with her door, which starts the parking lot rage by both women. But, in conclusion this video shows how people can get really into their anger and forget that they are totally damaging their car.  

 

3.      Relax, why rush

http://www.ehow.com/how_2096535_relax-rush-hour-traffic.html

I chose this site because it gives a list of ways to relax when in rush hour. One of the things I thought was a good idea was to buy a favorite audio novel and just listen to it. And another one I liked was bringing a snack to eat while waiting in traffic. I think it is important to know ways to relax, so you do not get angry.

 

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/laura-trice/relax-hour----rush-hour-w_b_178788.html

I selected this site, because this article talks about how we stress too much when we are on the road. We need to relax our selves, maybe like twice a day and before we drive. She also states that maybe there should be a commuter radio that can talk to us about what is going on, on the road, or reminding us that we all are going to work or home and to calm down.

 

4.      Old driving habits

http://www.usaelectionpolls.com/articles/us-drivers-keep-old-driving-habits-despite-lower-gas-prices-123008001.html

I selected this article, because I think our old habits are slowly going away. She states that because people learned how to save gas when gas prices were high, they are now getting rid of their habits, when gas prices went down. Because of this we are saving our resources and not wasting them.

 

http://ezinearticles.com/?Driving-Us-Mad---The-Ten-Worst-Driving-Habits-Exposed&id=41522

I selected this article because it has all the worst habits you should get rid of. Like throwing waste out the window while you are driving, talking on the phone when it is illegal, and tail gating cars in front of you. So, this site can be pretty important.

 

5.      Hypermiling

http://www.hypermiling.com/

I chose this site, because it teaches you how hypermiling works. It shows all the gadgets you can use and the methods on hypermiling.

 

http://www.wisebread.com/maximize-your-cars-efficiency-with-hypermiling

I selected this article because it talks about hypermiling in detail. The procedures and why you should do them are explained clearly.

 

6.      Late mergers

http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2008/apr/09/driver_fights_late_merging_ordinance/

I chose this article because it about late mergers not being a good thing. In the article a driver got a ticket for late merging.

 

http://blog.oregonlive.com/commuting/2009/02/early_merger_to_late_merger_i.html

I selected this article because it has people’s opinions on late merging and early merging. One of the people was angry at the fact that the author of the article, was a late merger and told him he was the cause of the traffic jam, but then another person agreed that it was better to late merge because it prevents over stacking.

 

7.      Road rage

http://www.velonews.com/article/83093

This article was selected because it talks about how motorist and cyclists can engage in road rage. They state a bunch of incidents that happened and also why people road rage from Dr. James book.

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjZt-4-_xMc&feature=related

I chose this site, because it is good to hear from an actual police officer, how we should avoid people who are aggressive. That way we won’t get into angry conflict which causes road rage. He tells you step by step how you can avoid road rage.

 

8.      Traffic engineering

http://www.azdot.gov/Highways/Traffic/Trafeng.asp#one

I selected this article because it is pretty detailed about what traffic engineering is. They tell you why it is important, and why solving traffic is so hard. It talks about how speed limits are determined and when traffic signals can actually be installed.

 

http://www.ask.com/bar?q=traffic+engineering&page=1&qsrc=178&ab=0&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTraffic_engineering_%28transportation%29

I selected this site, because it talks about all the different kinds of traffic engineers. It talks about how traffic engineers are tied to, highway engineers, transport engineering, and urban planning.

 

9.      Driving slow

http://www.cockeyed.com/citizen/energy/drive_slow.shtml

I selected this article because it was about a study done on driving slow. This person did a test on slow driving and fast driving. He found that driving slow can really help save gas and mileage than when he drove fast.

 

http://www.roadandtravel.com/carcare/drivetooslow.htm

I selected this article because it talks about how people get irritated with people who drive slowly. They state that roads have more lanes to accommodate people, who like to drive at different speeds. People who want to drive slower are supposed to be in the right lane, and people who want to go faster in the left lane.

 

10.  When other drivers cut them off

http://www.wheels.ca/Columnists/article/300314

I selected this article because it talks about when other drivers cut them off, you should not get mad. They are just inattentive drivers, and tell yourself that, it is the best they can do with their low skills and do not take it personally. It also states that if you take it personally, it would involve cops because the two drivers would engage in road rage or aggressive driving.

 

http://affiniongroupmedia.com/themes/site_themes/affinionassets/releases/autovantage/Road_Rage_08//downloads/Chicago_rls.pdf

I thought this site was interesting because it shows some of the things that cause major road rage and one of those things are cutting people off.  The study was done by a survey, and they state that nationally 44 percent cut people off. And it is extremely high in Miami, which is 66 percent.