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Report
2
The Unity Model of Marriage
Understanding the False Messages
By Tiffany Akiyama |
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Instructions for
this report are at:
www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy25/409b-g25-report2.htm
I am answering Questions 4, 5,
6, 7 and 9. |
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The
Question I am answering is Question 4
(a) Consider Section 21 in the Lecture Notes at
www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy25/409b-g25-lecture-notes.htm#unity-values.
It gives a selection from an article titled "Secrets to a Happy Marriage."
Read and discuss this article.
(b) Are these good instances of unity values or not? Explain.
(c) Search the Web using Google to find advice that is given to couples.
Evaluate the advice given in terms of what you know of the unity model of
marriage. |
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(a) The "Twisted"
Secrets to a Happy Marriage
"Secrets to a Happy Marriage," by Rev. Dr. Trey Kuhne, a Pastoral
Marriage and Family therapist reveals what the 3 secrets are to keeping
a happy marriage. The first secret involves not hidding any money matters,
specifically the "secrecy" of hidden bank accounts from the
other. Dr. Kuhne states that money is literally the root of all evil,
so couples should not let it run their relationship. Both people in the
relationship should be "empowered," so full disclosure is a
must.
The second secret Dr. Kuhne reveals has to do with communicaiton. He emphasizes,
like Deborah Tannen in her Gender and Discourse book, males and
females speak differently. For this reason, it is important that males
and females clarify the message they are trying to send to the other,
especially the female. Otherwise, it could lead to arguments due to misunderstandings,
etc. Good communication empowers both in "love and harmony."
The third secret of how to keep a happy marriage involves the use of praise
over "slandering." Dr. Kuhne says that everyone likes to receive
praise like when they were young from their parents. Therefore, since
this innate need doesn't go away, it should still be continued within
the relationship. He explains that sharing a "deficiency" with
the public is a big no-no and is ten times more damaging emotionally,
then one comment of appreciation (praise).
(b) The Truth Behind These Secrets
These secrets all seem good, and perfectly normal, if you are following
the Equity Model of Marriage, but not for the Unity Model of Marriage.
Dr. Kuhne's main theme involves equal empowerment to both spouses, where
both need to contantly clarify themselves to the other, especially the
female. And this need to clarify yourself is the predominant characteristic
of what makes up the Equity Model of Marriage. In this model, the couple
are constantly seen "bartering," because the male has yet to
give up his independent self, and wishes to ensure that his views are
expressed and understood. Also, another common thing that seems to occur
in Dr. Kuhne's writting is that he picks on the female, or he leaves her
last to blame. Dr. Kuhne writes to both males and females in the realationship,
however, like Dr. Phil, he turns it around to blame the female why she
is not doing this, or that.
For example, Secret 1 says, "the most important reason of this secret
is that both spouses can be equally empowered in the relationship."
This would be more in accordance to the Equity Model where things are
bartered for and "equally" divided amongst the two spouses.
This does not follow the Unity Model of Marriage because in the Unity
Model, the husband tives up his independent self to become dependent o
the wife, giving her power. The first secret should be something like,
"the most important reason of this secret is that the wife knows
that is going on, and there will not be any secrets or lies hidden between
the husband and wife."
In Secret 2, the emphasis that male and females speak differently is a
good secret. However, he says that how a couple develops competant communicaiton
is through a lot of clarification. The couple needs to constantly ask
each other what they mean and to clarif anything missed. Which seems more
like the equity model when the two spouses is trying to get their veiws
across to the other. Dr. Kuhne points a specific finger to the female
in the end saying that, "many times you speak in a foreign language,
and when you are desiring romance, he can totally miss it." Which
is true. However, if they are a true conjoint couple living out of the
Unity Model of Marriage, then it should be the husband making an effort
to understand his wife's "foreign language" because shehas already
taken the time to learn his.
Later in this section Dr. Kuhne says in closing, "2005 is different.
Husband and wives operate in equality in 21st century. Gone are the days
of male domination and 'women are kept silent'." Which is true today,
most couples operate in equality because they are living in the Equity
Model where they share things down to the "T," fifty-fifty.
However, that is not the Unity Model of Marriage because in Equity, the
male still loves to retain his independence where he has the need to "clarify,
clarify, clarify," like in secret 2.
The last secret, secret 3, emphasizes that negative words or how they
are used are ten times as harmful compared to one verbal appraisal. This
is ture and is emphasized in Section
17 of the Unity Model of Marriage Lecture Notes. However, in the end
Dr. Kuhne says that "...the small things that irritate, even the
mistakes that are made, seem more manageable," which is why a couple
should praise and give words of appreciation. Althogh that is the right
thought, it is not the correct thought for the Unity Model of Marriage.
When a couple is in the Unity Model, they have already rid of the "small
things" that are not compatible with the other that would hinder
their conjoint self, or yin/yang from occurring. Nothing should be "tolderated"
in the Unity Model because if a "setback" should occur, it should
immediately be dealt with, specifically by the male. For example, if the
wife says that drinking out of the mouthwash is irritating, the husband
should take it upon himself to stop or rid of that behavior that can be
detrimental to their conjoint self. Tolerating "pet peves" are
characteristic of the Equity and Dominance Model, not the Unity Model.
(c) It's Either Equal, Or It's Not
Most of the self-help advice about relationships given by psychologists
are do not give advice from the Unity Model, although it could sound like
it. Those that sound like it could be Unity Model advice is actually,
Equity Model advice. Then the rest of the advice found online is spoken
through the Dominance Model where it lays the blame of all problems on
the female. If the wife wants to fix her marriage, she needs to look into
herself to figure out what she is doing wrong, or how she can be stronger
so that her 'character' does not seem weak compared to her husband.
Such examples of these two themes found in online advice websites can
be found in Marriage Builders that has articles of advice from Dr. Willard
F. Harley, Jr., and from the "Advice for Marriage" section of
the Women Today Magazine. Dr. Harley's website seems to have a strong
Unity Model approach. However, suttle words of advice that he gives his
clients are totally Equity. When he explains the reasons for his policies
that help to hold a basis for these couples, it's all based on the Equity
Model. The other website, Women Today Magazine, filters their questions
through various psychologist that supposidly have high creditionals from
where they were from. However, a majority of these psychologists give
their advice through the Dominance Model where they tell the female that
she is the source of the problem, so she needs to be fixed.
Marriage
Builders - Successful Marriage Advice
Intially, reading articles such as "Why
Women Leave Men," Dr. Harley sounds like he tries to lead couples
towards a Unity Model of Marriage. In this particular article, he gives
women a voice as to why they are twice as likely to divorce their husbands.
He explains that most of it is emotional and mental neglect, and that
in itself is a big deal. Dr. Harley teaches his male counselees that they
need to learn to "integrate" their wives into their life where
he eventually does things that keep her happy and rids of those behaviors
that hinder their unity. Dr. Harley says,
"When a husband invites
his wife into each room of his house, she helps change his priorities.
She reminds him that her feelings are very different from his. As a result,
he begins to live his life in a way that is compatible to her needs and
values. He learns how to avoid habits that cause his wife to be unhappy,
and he learns how to meet her most important emotional needs. He also
learns how to give his undivided attnetion to her and schedule time to
be alone with her."
This is good advice to begin
at the sensormotor level because it would be reflected in his actions,
and then eventually it will become engraned into his affective feelings
where it becomes his self-motives like how it states in the last sentence.
It encourages a male, or husband that he should learn what his wife loves
because it is important to her, so it should be important to him. He also
explains that women are not that complicated and do not really ask for
that much, but it is the male's imagination that over exaggerates this.
However, even though most of
his ideas seem like it could follow the Unity Model of Marriage, some
of his "policies" for couples so that they do not resort to
how they were before, are Equity Model based. For example, "The
Policy of Joint Agreement," basically tells a couple that when
they do or decide on anything, there needs to be an "enthusiastic
agreement between you and your spouse." This means that when you
discuss things together, there should not be disrespect, verbal abuse,
or other things such as anger directed at the other. The main purpose
of this policy is so that couples can "negotiate fairly." And
negotiation is a key aspect of the Equity Model.
At first this told me that
Dr. Harley was not after all counseling out of the Unity Model because
of this huge Equity 'flag.' I initially remembered that couples can not
start out of the Unity Model, but need to work their way up. So I thought
that this was a good step to instill in couples who are having problems
so that it forces a husband to listen to his wife with enthusiasm, and
does not just dismiss her views. However, after reading the rest of this
particular document, Dr. Harley says that the Policy of Joing Agreement
is highly suggested for couples to use because "it means that both
husband and wife must be enthusiastic together, and no one risks losing
their identity..." Those last few words, "...no one risks losing
their identity..." is not at all part of the Unity Model of Marriage
but is a part of the Equity and Dominance models.
I think that there are comparable
suggestions of the Unity Model that Dr. Harley gives his counselees but
underneath it all, I think he is just enforcing the Equity Model of Marriage.
He not only says that the Policy of Joint Agreement helps to sustain independence,
but he says that both should not have to endure "slavery." Which
is good advice, but he gives the assumption that a wife may take advantage
of her husband, even though his whole article is about her. It is almost
as if he is giving males justification (Equity Affective-like) to keep
his "independent self." Dr. Harley also says that neither should
do anything without consulting the other spouse. In the Unity Model of
Marriage, a husband becomes dependent to his wife and therefore lays his
trust in her and any of her decisions. She should not have to consult
him about everything.
Women Today
Magazine
This website is designed specifically
for women to have a resource for advice in many areas of their life, such
as beauty, love, money, self-esteem, etc. There is a section reserved
for "Advice
for Marriage" where people, women and a few men, post their concerns
or questions about themselves, their spouse, or where their relationship
is headed for. Each question is answered so that the recipient almost
has an idea of who is at fault. Most of these answers lay the blame on
the wife. Perhaps she needs to re-evaluate her 'objectives,' or she needs
to learn to be stronger so that she will like herself. Some advice is
very similar to Dr. Laura's callers and advice given. For example:
Question: "My husband
and I have been married for four years. Our marriage has lost that spark.
I recently finished college and I am now working 6 days a week. I use
to do all the house chores plus the chores outside. Now I feel overloaded.
I've tried to get my husband to help but we usually end up not talking
to each other. We have grown apart from each other. We both realize we
lost something but we don't know what to do."
Answer: "Some people
get along fine until they have to actually figure out how to resolve a
conflict. If you are both working, then I imagine that you could pay for
someone else to do the chores he won't do and you are tired of doing.
I realized that it might mean that you couldn't go on as nice a vacation
or give as nice gifts to each other, but you would still have a relationship.
Just because you have chosen to work 6 days a week doesn't necessarily
mean that now he should be doing household chores that he didn't do before.
I have a lady come to my house four hours every other week. She is great.
I get to have a life, she makes a little income and my husband doesn't
get nagged at. Let me know what you think about that idea, Dr. Ginger."
All of this advice is bias
in letting the husband get away with things. For example, another female
wrote that she is jealous of her husbands ex-wife who is about 30 years
younger than both of they, and gorgeous in every way. Part of this insecurity
she believes has to do with her history of abuse and she doesn't know
how to have that confidence even though she they are both happy together.
The advice tells her that she needs to feel good about herself, and until
she does this low self-worth that she feels of herself will not go away.
However, it doesn't question if the husband has anything to do with the
female's insecurity. The person giving the advice automatically assumes
that the problem lies within the female, and could not possibly be influenced
by her husband. Which it could. The husband could occasionally throw in
comparative hints of how much prettier, or upbeat his ex-wife is compared
to her.
Another reason why this advice
column seems to be bias is that, two people of the opposite sex asks the
same question: I have a controlling spouse, what should I do? The
advice given to the male
is a short paragraph with a suggestion of a book for the two of them
to read. It also says that "usually controllers marry someone who
unconsciously wants someone else to make the decisions or has dependency
issues." However, for the female
she is given a long page of advice that basically says that she needs
to look at herself and should start "respecting (herself) and taking
(herself) seriously as a person."
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The
Question I am answering is Question 5.
(a) Analyze the book The Proper Care and Feeding of Husbands by
Laura Schelssinger, summarizing its perspective, and discussing the aurthor's
philosophy or psychology of relationships between men and women. Howe do
you see Dr. Laura's approach and what is your evaluation of it?
(b) Find 5 brief quotes from what the husbands wrote, analyzing each one,
showing the character of their threefold self. Use the unity model in the
Lecture Notes to characterize the threefold self of the husbands that wrote
to her.
(c) Make up a few questions of your own. In each case pretend you are either
a woman or a man emailing Dr. Laura. Then give a brief explanation regarding
what AUVs are exhibited in each case. |
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(a) The Road
to Becoming a Slave
The Proper Care and Feeding of Husbands by Dr. Laura Schlessinger is predominantly
a dominance based approach. It is very traditional advice where most social
issues are resolved by the female giving up her job, etc. so that she
can make more time to take care of her husband and then the family. This
has to do with the traditional belief that the wife should stay at home
while the husband goes out to work. Dr. Laura and her book is very sympathetic
with the male in the relationship because they are the simpliest creature
on the planet compared to females.
According to Dr. Laura and her male readers, all a male needs is sex,
food, and love. It is emphasized that it is up to the female to take care
of the needs of her husband in order to instill harmony in the household.
Dr. Laura says that this should be an undaunting task because females
need to take the extra effort to "fix" things in themselves
since they are the more complecated creature and taking care of the husband
should not have to take very much effort. The male should not have to
work or try so hard to accomodate the wife because he already does so
much for her and his family by going to work everyday to bring hom the
money so that they have a roof over their head and food at the table.
Or also, so that the wife can stay at home.
I think that Dr. Laura's approach is very bias because it does take "two
to tango," and any issues in the relationship should not be solely
placed on the wife because "it's just her" (the reason commonly
used in the book). Dr. Laura should include the husband to step back to
look at his actions instead of allowing him to always get away with "murder."
By allowing the husband to get away with things, such as not helping out
with the children, or having his "down-time," it gives males
the idea that it is okay to stay in the Dominance Model because she makes
it seem like the norm. She helps males to keep their independent self,
and puts females down, which inforces males to think that they can dismiss
their wife's views because she is inferior. This thought is reflexive
of his affective self in which that he loves to dominate her, and so he
speaks to her in condensending tones, or does as he pleases.
However, there are a few things that Dr. Laura points out that should
be instilled in a relationship, such as words of praise. But it should
not just come from the wife to the husband, it should be reciprocal. The
husband should be giving words of appreciation as well. It seems that
her method is based on the "if I give, you give," so "if
I give a lot, you give a lot (if you feel like it)." This is very
Equity like, but it's only one way, coming from the wife, so it is Dominance
based. This makes the wife like a slave, to give and give in hopes of
a receiving a real meal, or to be set free, but the slave does not receive
that and constantly receives abuse. That is not a relationship, where
one person is constantly giving. I've been there, and it gets taxing.
A relationship should be reciprocal like in the Unity Model.
(b) The Zombie Lackeys
Going back to how Dr. Laura allows her listeners, specifically male listeners,
to stay in the dominance model and even the equity model, it is very reflexive
in their "ventings" about why they can't understand how their
wife is being stubborn or selfish and can't understand him. And so they
come to Dr. Laura to give them advice of how to "spay" this
behavior." For example, Chapter 3 (You're a Nag!), page 37, Bruce
writes:
"So my suggestion for your book on the care and feeding of husbands?
The number one thing that I want from my woman is to stop complaining.
It's easy to moan about how hard your life is. When I do catch my wife
in a 'willing mood,' I first have to endure twenty minutes of her complaining
about this, that, and the other thing before I get to touch her. I figure
if I help around the house to take some of the burden off of her, I would
win her affection. Wrong. It is never enough and I am always wrong. A
little kindess would go a long way toward making the marriage better."
His words are very dominance based, and does not show any signs that he
truly loves his wife, but instead wants her as his sex object. Bruce's
major complaint is that he can't have sex with his wife in his ideal state
because of her vent sessions. It seems that he is more in love with the
sex, rather than in love with just her since he needs to "endure
twenty minutes of her complaining...before (he) gets to touch her."
Listening to her talk should be something the husband wants to do, and
not something that he believes is a tedious job, which shows that he is
thinking out of the Dominance Cognitive Self.
Bruce also is enraged that he trys to help out to make things easier so
that he will "win her affection," but says that she is an ingrate.
It seems that he does not truly understand his wife, because those 'helping-hand
acts' should be done because he loves to put his wife's needs over himself.
It also shows that he does not truly understand his wife's real needs
because what he is doing may not be the help she really wants from him.
So he needs to take the time to figure that out instead of complaining
that he is helping but it is not doing anything for him.
His complaining shows that he probably likes to hang out with his male
friends more than her since listening to his wife is a taxing job. It
also shows that he probably dismisses her views since he has to "endure"
her complaining and he doesn't try to understand why what she has to say
is important, which is breaking all four rules
of how a male can have a sexy conjugial conversational style to 'turn
his wife on.' This shows that he is most likely engaging in Dominance
sensorimotor actions, which means that he must love to dominante her (affective
feeling). Bruce is irritated that he is helping and listening
to her complaints but he is not getting anything in return. This
has the "it's all about me" attitude which is a key characteristic
of the Dominance Model.
Another example comes from Lloyd, Chapter 4 (Men Have Feelings? Really?
You're Kidding!), page 78:
"Men, whether husbands or bachelors, do not share their thoughts
and feelings as readily as women. We do not see any need to bother others
with our feelings. We just deal with them. If something needs to be done,
we do it. If something needs to be said, we say it.
Many times we just don't want to deal with the consequences of saying
what we feel out loud. We don't want to explain ourselves. So we just
live with our thoughts and adjust. Wives must find ways to encourage their
husbands to share feelings by allowing them to do so without consequences.
Husbands should be encouraged to share their feelings without being accused
of being insensitive and stupid. Let us talk. Be supportive. Permit us
to have opinions, feelings, and thougths that do not agree with yours."
Lloyd almost sounds endearing except all he is saying is women should
allow men to get away with things so that he can instill his dominance
over the female. He says that "wives must find ways to encourage
their husbands to share their feelings by allowing them to do so without
consequences," and that is wrong. Saying that means that he is not
allowing his wife to freely speak which is breaking rule 3 of having a
sexy conjugial conversation with his wife because saying to allow him
to speak without consequences, suppresses the female's voice in the relationship.
If he wan't to suppress what his wife says, then that means he does not
believe that what she has to say is very important, and that would be
living out of the Dominance Cognitive thought.
Which probably means that he loves to dominate his wife (affective feelings),
and when she speaks up for herself he loses that domination and hates
it. Also Lloyd says that "men...do not share their thoughts and feelings
as readily as women," which says two things: (1) He likes the idea
of keeping himself separate from his wife, so that he can retain his independence
which has a lot to do with the dominance model, and (2) He is making excuses
and justifying his actions which is some what of an Equity Cognitive justification.
Overall, Lloyd, like Bruce is living out of the Dominance Model, and there
seems to be times that the wife wants to move them to another level, like
Equity, but they don't like it because they feel they are losing control
over their wife.
On page 108, Chapter 5 (Huh? Honey, What Did You Say? What Did That Mean?),
Glen writes:
"Every authority in interpresonal relations says if you have
a problem with your spouse, confront them with it. Talk to them and let
them know how you feel. Whenever I try this, my wife responds with a very
clear explanation of why I should not feel this way. She will share with
me every reason why I am wrong to think that the problem has anything
to do with her!
After thirty-five years of marriage, she cannot understand why I close
myself up in my study to avoid any substantive discussion with her, why
I don't share my feelings with her. I am not an idiot. I am a retired
educator, with a thirty-year career behind me, who has, over time, been
shrunken to a level of insignificance that is crippling.
I have loved my wife, raised three kids to adulthood with her, and have
been completely faithful to her. Our lives would be so much better if
she could listen and actually hear me rather than contemplate her 'defense'
as I speak."
Immediately you have a sense that Glen is coming from the Equity Model.
Throughout his whole passage, he is constantly justifying himself, his
contributions and his social status (retired educator) without saying
that he has tried to understand his wife. This need to justifiy the self
is a strong sensorimotor attribute of the Equity Model. He also says that
he now closes himself in his study to avoid any confrontation with her.
This is a tool that he uses to hurt her, and it just shows that he loves
to maintain certain parts of his independence, which is a main attribute
of Equity Affective Feelings.
Also, it seems that Glen has not tried to understand why his wife has
constantly given a "defense" of why she is not at fault, which
seems that he just dismisses her views and probably oppresses what she
has to say. This too is a component of the Equity Model, it is a part
of his cognitive thought that he thinks that her views are not as important
and can be dismissed. He also has a hint of Dr. Laura's dominance attributes
because he uses the justification that he has been faithful to her for
all the years they've been married. According to Dr. Laura, a faithful
husband who works is the best husband a wife can have. If he is faithful,
he is perfect and should be catered to.
Another fan, Steve, on page 148, Chapter 7 (A Man Should Be Respected
In His Own Home) writes:
"In today's world it is assumed that men are pigs and women suffer.
With all my efforts (car and lawn maintenance, tending to children, working
full time) I am not appreciated. It's never enough. It is common for the
woman to expect the man to do uncomfortable things to help the relationshp.
I do not particularly like buying flowers or presents, shopping, having
chitchat, dressing nice...but I do it because it is important to my wife.
However, for some reason, if there is anything at all I would like, but
my wife feels 'uncomfortable,' it is out of the question! She feels that
as a woman she should not have to do anything uncomfortable. Double standard!
The other double standard is that it is okay for women to criticize, put
down, become grouchy, but if I'm feeling similarly, it is called verbal
abuse. When I asked why that is so, I am told it's because I'm a man and
they abuse, women don't!
I've got news for everyone: Men are hurt just as much by abuse, or hurtful
words, as women. Any form of coercion to get a man to do what you want
is not only unproductive, it is damaging. Just because I am married does
not make me a slave. Men are human beings."
Steve's wife seems to want to be in the Unity Model because of all the
things that he is told, but he refuses to go with her. He still seems
to want to maintain part of his independence, and does not want to become
dependent on her. He justifies his actions like a man out of the Equity
Model would do (sensorimotor) such as working, helping with the children,
etc. There seems to be a conflict with him entering the Unity stage of
their relationship and just can't seem to want to understand his wife's
views. He says that he buys things for her, shops with her, even chats
and dresses to her liking because it is important to her, but he does
not like it and basically wishes for it to stop. The doing things for
her because it's important for his wife is Unity based, but since he seems
to want it to stop, he wants to retain his independence which is Equity
and Dominance based. Through his justifications, he seems to view that
his 'complaint' is fair and rational because he does all those things.
This is the Cognitive Thought of the Equity model.
This last person does not have a complaint but gloats about how wonderful
his marriage is because his wife allows him to still maintain his independence
because he lets her do so too. In Chapter 8 (Guy Time), page 178, Keith
reflects as so:
"My wife has interests independent from me. In other words, she
has friends and work and isn't totally dependent upon me for her happiness.
While we are a team and work together on issues and do most things together,
we also can enjoy some time on our own.
The flip side is that my wife allows me some independence to play golf
once in a while, to watch sports, etc.--in other words, lets me have some
life on my own. She has let me bargain with her so that I can watch football
on Sundays if I do the laundry. Talk about a win-win!
I am not advocating total independence for each partner. But I believe
one of the major reasons for our success is that in moderation we are
able to pursue our own interests, and in comparison with other wives that
I have observed, mine doesn't need me to provide for her entertainment
twenty-four hours a day. Having other interests makes both of us more
interesting to each other."
Keith seems to be in the Equity Model, and is totally satisfied with it
because he is allowed to maintain his independence. He says that how happy
he is because his wife understands for his need of "space" and
allows to him to do almost as he pleases. At the same time, she is not
so "clingy." These are aspects of an Equity Sensorimotor actions
since he says that he is not "advocating total independence"
but he believe that its an intricate reason for their success as a couple.
He likes how he does not have to "provide" for her twenty-four
hours a day because she has other oulets to refer to. However, this is
totally not related to the Unity Model, because the wife should be able
to depend on the husband for support when she needs it because they are
so intuned to the other that seeking help else where is not sufficient
enough. Keith on the other hand has this concept that this view is okay
because everyone wins. Like his example, "she has let me bargain
with her so that I can watch football on Sundays if I do the laundry."
For him it's a win-win, and he believes it is for her because the laundry
gets done, but that is not necessarily so.
When a female has to bargain with the male, she usually is giving up something
to get another smaller thing in exchange. For instance, maybe having her
husband do the laundry will allow some sort of "together" time
because he's always so busy with other things. So when he gets to watch
football when he does the laundry it helps to get the laundry done, but
he probably doesn't pay too much attention to her if she tried to hold
a conversation while working together because his focus is on getting
the laundry done to watch football.
Since Keith thinks this way, then he must love that he can maintain his
independence even when his wife may try to get him to become dependent
on her. His main reason for loving his relationship with his wife is that
even though they are a team, "...we also can enjoy some time on our
own."
(c) Prospective Clients
Based on Dr. Laura's philosophies of relationships, it is easy to say
that she helps the media to enforce Anti-Unity Values (AUVs) that hinder
a relationship that is trying to reach the Unity Model of Marriage. AUVs,
such as the examples found in Table
9 Section 20 of the Unity Model of Marriage Lecture Notes, hinder's
a males process of obtaining a sexy conjugial conversational style that
is significant in his first step of letting his wife know that he is ready
to form a conjoint self with her. Such as the difference between a male
allowing his wife to express her feelings versus cutting her off in the
middle of her speech are all cues that gives her a direct link to his
threefold self, telling her where he is at in their marriage (Dominance,
Equity, or Unity). Such examples could be:
"With my new promotion at the company, I've been working longer
hours and coming home later. But every time I come home, my husband wants
to have sex and I've told him that I'm too tired, maybe later. And I thought
he understood that. So now we have sex maybe once a week or every other
week. But just the other day when I came home he wanted sex, and I told
him I was tired. Then he said that I should submit anyway and just lay
there if I want to. I was shocked. I asked him where he heard such an
idea, and he said that he heard it on your show, Dr.Laura. I told him
that was disgusting and that it would make me a sex object. He said that
you informed your listeners that women should lay there if they have to
because men are made to do things that they don't want to do, and they
do it. How can you say such things?"
This female's husband seems to have supressed several of the typical AUVs
that are misinterpreted as being the 'norm.' Once an 'authoritative' figure
(Dr. Laura) says that things should be otherwise, this female's husband
seems to have let himself get sucked into societies 'bad habbit.' Her
husband has already been exposed to the idea that it is okay for males
to have their "perks" because they should be honored by their woman. It
is a female's job to give him what he wants no matter what because he
deserves it. It seems that her husband is trying to establish and maintain
his Dominance over her by telling her that 'maybe she should just lay
there if need be.' This female's husband also seems to not take into account
of what his wife has to say as important. He dismisses her thought that
'just laying there' makes her a sex object because a 'doctor' over the
radio says otherwise.
Another prospective listener writes to Dr. Laura about his wife:
"Everytime I want to chill either at home on the sofa after work,
or with my boys, my wife gets all bitchy about me not doing nothing to
help or not spending nuff time with her. I tell her that I'm tired, and
I need my "down-time," and she can have me after. But it's like
she just no like listen and so she nags to me about cleaning the living
room, helping with dinner. I'm tired. I work hard for her and the kids.
How can I get that through her thick skull?"
This listener has a lot of red flags on his letter to Dr. Laura. He is
extremely consumed by AUVs from society and probably Dr. Laura that he
finds his wife's behaviors that are trying to break him out of those bad
habbits as 'strange.' First, he wants to separate himself from his wife
with his "down-time." This is one of the major AUVs that say
it's okay for people, especially a male, to retain his independence from
his wife, because being 'dependent' upon a female is a sign of weakness.
Also, all he wants to do is to spend time with his "boys" and
he doesn't take her feelings into consideration by putting her first at
all. He seems to believe that since they are married, she can wait. He
thinks that since he works, he's so important that he should be able to
do as he pleases, including calling her names (ex. "thick skull").
This last listener says that she's tired of her husband's excuses of not
wanting to help her out:
"I don't understand why everytime I ask him to help clean the
living room, or to wash the children up for dinner, he refuses. Corey
and Lori are his children too, and I would think that if you love your
kids you would want to help to take care of them. Also, he tells me that
I should stop my whining because his friend's wives don't do that. I've
never seen this side of him. What happened to the husband I married?"
Her Husband seems to have been consumed by the ideas that it is okay for
men to do as they please for whatever reason. Perhaps like the first listener's
husband, this female's husband does not help out because he feels entitled
to "down-time" since he works all day long for her and the children.
Also, he has the misconception that because a friend's wife does or does
not do something, then his wife should act like that too. It is as if
her husband goes by, 'monkey-see, monkey-do.' It could also be based on
what he watches on TV as well, since a lot of today's shows such as "Family
Guy" or "Yes, Dear" the wives are spoken down to and are
not taken seriously.
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The
Question I am answering is Question 6.
(a) Consider Section 5.1 Sexuality: Love of the Sex vs. Love of One of the
Sex in the Lecture Notes www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy25/409b-g25-lecture-notes.htm#sexuality
Describe the difference between the two types of loves as explained there.
(b) Compare this spiritual idea of sex to the idea of sex promoted today
by psychologists and sex therapists. Find some examples on the Web (give
links) or in books and journal articles (give full reference). |
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(a) The Selfless
or the Selfish
The difference between the two types of loves, Love of the Sex vs. Love
of One of the Sex, as explained in Section
5.1 of the Unity Model of Marriage Lecture Notes, is the difference
between loving the physcial effects of sex versus loving the spiritual-sensuousness
of sex that can be felt with only one person. What is meant by having a
spiritual-sensuous is, that having sex with just anyone of the opposite
sex is not satisfactory, physically and especially mentally. In order for
a person to have satisfaction and pleasure after sex, they would have to
engage in this activity with the specific person who would fulfill this
feeling. Therefore, engaging in other things such as pornography, prostitution,
phone sex, etc., would not be satisfactory for this person. A person who
is in love of one of the sex most likely would not even think of
going that route.
However, a person who has sex due to the love of the sex engages
for the physcial aspect of sex. In a sense, sex for that person is for selfish
reasons. For instance, a husband may want to have sex with his wife because
he's been 'pent up' for a whole week without it, and needs to release. This
type of need is for himself, and is selfish. In order to obtain what he
wants, he probably would not really care whether his wife wants to or not.
And if she doesn't, he'd probably try to persuade her. So a person who is
selfish will most likely engage in things such as prostitution, phone sex,
"side salads," etc. (side salad is basically having an
affair, except you are not married, you may be just "dating" the
someone else).
(b) The Physical Feeling is More Important
The spiritual idea of sex compared to the idea of sex promoted today by
psychologists and sex therapists has to do with more of Love of the
Sex, rather than Love of One of the Sex. Sex psychologists
say that using sex toys, or watching pornography together is suppose to
help enhance the spiritual aspect of coming closer through sex. However,
that just seems like something the sex psychologists just add to make it
sound "okay" and acceptible to do things that are shunned by most
of society, or thought of as improper. For example, on the Sex
Therapy Online webpage, there is a section on Sex
Toys. It says:
" ...many kinds of sex toys can also be enjoyed purely for sexual and
sensual pleasure with a partner!"
Also, on this particular site it helps to solicit pornographic movies and
pictures. It's almost like free advertisement for the those porn companies.
This website goes on to explain that sex toys can be a wonderful way to
enhance your sexuality, and is the answer to all "bedroom problems."
It's like these sex psychologist is trying to give their clients another
option to hide behind their true problems. So they are not really enhancing
a spriritual connection, they seem to be helping couples to build walls
between each other.
Then there are other sex therapists that explain the nature of things in
a nicer way from the start, to make a behavior to sound more acceptible.
These therapists will first explain that the behavior is normal for whatever
reason, and then will follow up with a 'worst case scenario' of when a 'wife'
should put her foot down. For example, on Dr.
Gloria G. Brame's website, in her Question
and Answers section, she responds to a wife's concern about her husbands
indulgence in pornography. Dr. Brame explains that it is normal for males
to indulge in pornography because that is part of their nature. She explains
that females are less likely to do such things, so not to worry. But in
the end she explains that if it becomes a disturbance to their relationship
where the husband no longer has interest for his wife, then that is something
to worry about. So, it mostly seems like all Dr. Brame is doing is giving
males an excuse to use other means of "getting off" so that the
wife doesn't get mad.
References to the homepages of the above links (in red):
Sex Therapy Online
http://www.sexology.org/books.htm
Gloria G. Brame, PhD: Private Practice
http://gloria-brame.com/therapy/
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The
Question I am answering is Question 7.
(a) Consider Section 17a. Gender Discourse Within the Three Models in the
Lecture Notes at www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy25/409b-g25-lecture-notes.htm#17a._Gender_Discourse
Explain in your own words how the conversational style between husband and
wife reflects what is going on in the intimacy of their relationship. Make
sure you discuss the three models in relation to conversational style.
(b) Create a conversation between them that exhibits several elements mentioned
throughout Section 17a regarding the conversational style of married partners.
Number the lines. Add whatever explanatory notes are needed for readers
to understand what's going on. (Note: you are allowed to use borrowed parts
of an actual conversation you heard or read somewhere--but you need to edit
and adapt it so it fits with this answer.)
(c) Analyze the conversation, explaining to readers what its elements exhibit.
Use the line numbers to be specific. |
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(a) Words Do Say
A Lot
The conversational style between husband and wife reflects what is going
on in the intimacy of their relationship because it is a reflection of their
affective feelings according to the threefold self. The threefold self has
3 components: sensorimotor actions (things that can be viewed of the couple),
cognitive thought (thinking, beliefs), and affective feelings (what a person
loves, self-motives). The sensorimotor actions are a refelction of a person
(couple's) cognitive thought about their relationship which is influenced
by their self-motives (affective feelings--what they love to do).
There are three main self-motives that a male can live by which will affect
what he thinks, and how he acts in his relationship. The first self-motive
would go according to affective feelings according to the Dominance Model.
The male loves (affective feelings) it when he can dominante her rather
be intimate with her, which would add to how he loves the company of 'testosterone'
instead of 'estrogen' (or his wife). This love, or inmost feeling is what
influences a male to think that females are less intelligent than males
so that he dismisses her views because they probably do not suit his needs.
For that reason, a husband in this marriage model can be seen verbally abusing
her whether it is calling her denigrating names, interrupting her in speech,
or using harsh tones or gestures to scare or punish her (ex. silent treatment).
The second self-motive is the male loves (affective feelings) to have the
flexibility to retain his independence when he feels like it, and especially
when his wife may try to lead him to becoming dependent of her. This is
the male's self-motive in the Equity Model that influences the male to think
that his views are fair and rational while hers are not as relevent, so
he can dismiss them. Since the male may dismiss his wife's views, he can
use it as a shield to hide his true feelings and use it as a way to control
her. For example, a wife may point out, "See, everytime his name comes
up you get all sour...," and the husband may respond with "That
is just stupid, and you are not making sense...," to shut her up, but
in reality she could be pinpointing the right "sore." So everytime
she tries to bring it up, all he has to say is "that's stupid"
to shut her up because she's been 'trained' that way. These thoughts are
reflexive in how he speaks to her. In this model, the couple is always in
a 'bartering' state because the male talks like he is always out to defend
his views, rights, or conveniences. He may have a tendency to exaggerate
and to lie to control her, so that he will win in the end. In addition,
he will call her bad names and criticize her when he is mad as another tactic
for winning.
The last model, the Unity Model holds that a man loves to learn how to make
his wife more important in his mind than himself. He also loves the mental
intimacy that he can have with her than physical intimacy. This self-motive
influences a male to think that his views don't matter as much as his wife's
views because he is trying to adopt her views for the sake of Unity. Reflexively,
he will always try to never talk in an unfriendly tone, he will try to not
interrupt her, and will always appear interested (involved, animated), and
supportive of her because this will encourage a wife to express herself
and help her to grow (sensorimotor).
(b) Claire and Cliff's Moments in the Different Models
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
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(Claire) "Cliff,
why are you lying down? Are you sick?"
(Cliff) "Tired."
(Claire) "Oh what's a matter? Let me check your temperature?"
(Cliff) "No. There's nothing wrong."
(Claire) "Here we go again."
(Cliff) "What?"
(Claire) "Why is it you can never admit you're sick?"
(Cliff) "I'm not sick dear. I'm just lying down."
(Claire) "You are grumpy."
(Cliff) "I'm not grumpy."
(Claire) "You're always grumpy when you're sick."
(Cliff) "I'm not sick!"
(Claire) "Then what are you?"
(Cliff) "I'm lying down."
(during this "middle time" other family issues occur,
and Claire confronts Cliff that he is sick. But everytime he insists
that he is not. But it is obvious with his sneezing and running nose)
(Claire) "Well that's another family crisis that we've survived.
Relax Cliff, there won't be another one for at least 5 seconds."
(Cliff) "Claire."
(Claire) "Cliff?"
(Cliff) "I'm sick."
(Claire smiles at him)
(Claire) "Here we go."
(Cliff) "Will you take care of me?"
(Claire) "Yes."
(Cliff) "Will you put me to bed?"
(Claire) "Yes."
(Cliff) "Will you take my temperature?"
(Claire) "Yes."
(Cliff) "Will you make soup for me?"
(Claire) "Yes."
(Cliff) "Will you buy me a pony?"
(Claire and Cliff look into each other's eyes while they walk
up the stairs together, arm in arm) |
(c) What Words and Actions Can Really Mean
At the start of Line 1, Claire is automatically confronting Cliff with an
obvious problem, he's sick. However, in Lines 2-6, Cliff carries a conversation
that could have lead to Unity Sensorimotor speech, straight into Equity
Sensorimotor speech (actions) because he stubbornly denies that he is sick
although he is sneezing with a running nose in front of Claire. This shows
that he does not think that Claire's opinion of he being sick is relevent
and tries to hide behind his denial. This shows that he has yet to be dependent
on her when he is in his most vulnerable state, sick.
Later on, in Lines 7-13, Cliff tries to get Claire to give up on the topic
of he being sick by using a "harsh" tone as a hint to 'cut it
out.' However, it does not last very much because Claire is persistent,
and Cliff changes his tone in Line 14 when he is asked what he is if not
sick. This showed that for a moment, Cliff slipped into the Dominance Model,
but perhaps remembered that is not how to speak to his wife so he changed
it up. However, in Line 14, he is still lying to her that he is not sick.
Then after all the commotion in the house has died down, it seems that Cliff
has given up trying to stay in the Equity Model because it's too much work
for him, especially being sick. Starting with Line 20, Cliff has given in
to being dependent on Claire again when he tells her that he is sick. Claire
smiles with acknowledgment knowing that this "denial" could not
have lasted much longer. Throughout Lines 20-36, it shows the couple engaging
in Unity at least in the Sensorimotor and Cognitive Levels. Cliff asks Claire
if she will take care of him in many different ways, and she always answers
with yes (sensorimotor). In Line 36, the scene closes with Cliff almost
leaning on Claire for support to the bedroom but still looking at her intently
as she talks to him. This shows the sensorimotor actions of Unity, and the
Cognitive thought that Cliff finally went back to realizing that he should
just let Claire take care of him. |
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The
Question I am answering is Question 9.
(a) Make up a game of any kind that can be played by a couple or several
couples in a group. The purpose of the game is to teach couples how to observe
their interactions in terms of conjunctive vs. disjunctive--see explanations
given in the Lecture Notes, e.g.:
www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy25/409b-g25-lecture-notes.htm#Table%201b%20and%201c
www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy25/409b-g25-lecture-notes.htm#17a_Part_5:_Monitoring
(b) Describe the game and its theory.
(c) Test the game with other people. Describe the results and give recommendations. |
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(a)
Achieving Unity
Achieving Unity is a game that was created to be played between
couples to inform them of conjunctive vs. disjunctive conversational styles,
what they mean, and how they are incorporated in the three different models
of marriage.
Each couple (6) was given a packet that allowed them to play the game on
their own time together, outside of school. Inside the packet they were
given a cover sheet that explained the purpose of this game, what conjunctive
and disjunctive conversation, and how it is related to the threefold self.
On another page, it explains the rules of the game and what each symbol
represents. On another sheet they are given a score sheet to tally the amount
of A's, B's, and C's they may have answered if they should land on a specific
part of the game. In the end, they are allowed to peek at a closed flap
that explains the A's, B's, and C's. Then at the end they are asked to fill
out short evaluation so that I can see if they understood the terms introduced,
and what they thought about the terms and their results. The couple is also
given 1 game board, 1 dice, 2 slipper game pieces, 1 set of 25 Green cards,
and 1 set of 25 Pink cards.

(b) The Rules and Theory
(the rules below are typed as if given to the couples who played them)
Before you start, first decide who will be the pink or the blue slipper.
You will begin at the house which is located near the bottom left hand corner
of the game board. There is also the word "Start" in front of
the house. To determine who begins, please roll the dice. The person with
the larger number goes first. Before each turn, you roll the dice to determine
how many places you travel across the board. Wherever you land, there may
be a task. Each task is representative of the different models a relationship
could entail (Dominance, Equity, or Unity). Please follow the task. Below
are the explanations of what each thng represents on the board. Good luck
and Have Fun!
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Roll again. |
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The "splats"
or the logs are representative of engaging in Unity sensorimotor events
together. So if one person lands on the start of a "splat"
or the beginning of a log (usually representative of an orange spot),
BOTH players will move to the end of that "route." However,
if you land on an "ending-splat" (usually labeled as "togther
over here") both players DO NOT need to be on that spot. |
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The green or pink spots
mean that you take a card representative of its color. This portion
of the game is where you keep track of your responses (A's, B's, or
C's) to these cards. On the next sheet there is a table to do this.
How this works is the player that lands on the spot, grabs the respectrive
color that is on top of the pile and hands it to the other player.
The other player reads the part of the question that is representative
of the sex of that player that landed on the spot.
For example: If "Player A" lands on a green spot, Player
A picks a green card and hands it to "Player B." If Player
A is female, Player B reads the section with the female symbol along
with the choices.
Note: Some of the situations are in relation to a
couple in a marriage. Please answer them as if you were actually in
that situation. |
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The red or blue spots
with words on them are representative of what happens with the occurence
of conjunctive versus disjunctive speech. Usually with conjunctive
speech, it encourages a female that her relationship is going in the
right direction and keeps harmony in the relationship. In the game
it is representative by gaining additional steps on the board.
Disjunctive hower, is the opposite, and in a relationship can be deterimental
to the couple. It can discourage unity, and create walls and lies
between the couples. In the game, this represented by the loss of
steps, or going "backwards" in a relationship. |
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Landing on a rock involves
losing your turn, so the person after you gets to roll the dice TWICE.
This is a represenation of how sometimes a male uses disjunctive discourse
to "push" the female away because he wants his "down-time"
when he is home. This act is considered disjunctive because it discourages
the female from trying to reach out, or to establish a "bond"
with her significant other. |
| Please
Note: Yellow spots are neutral, and nothing happens with
those. ALSO, every item is a pot on the board to move on. So the ending
"splats," the places (ex. Misty Lake, etc.) are also considered
as 1 spot to move on. Just remember, landing on the "ending-splat"
does not mean both of you have to be there. |
(All the green cards had to do with cognitive thought scenario questions,
and all the pink cards had to do with sensorimotor situational questions.)
The theory behind this game is that if the couple answers the green and
pink cards honestly, it should reveal which of the three models is influential
in their relationship. By finding out which model is influential, it will
either encourage them to change because they do not want to live by that
model, or they will be satisfied where they are. Through this game, it should
also inform the couple of the other models, and how important words are
in a relationship.
(c) The Results
It seemed that all the couples understood what disjuntive and conjunctive
conversations are, and how they can affect a relationship. Everyone also
understood the difference between each model of marriage, especially since
they said that they've seen these different types of models in their friends
and family. At the same time, all the females agreed with their results
and understood why they may slip into the other models of marriage such
as from Equity to Dominance. However, most of the males were more "touchy"
in that they did not agree with their results for various reasons, and a
few thought the game was too short to determine such a label.
I think that if the questions were answered honestly, then it should reflect
the model that is influencing your relationship. Although, if the game is
too short and you did not get to land on many pink or green cards, then
it could not be that much of an honest "answer." However, based
on what you did answer, and depending on the situation it would give some
sort of clue as to who you are.
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My Report on the
Current Generation
Most of the students in Generation 25 used either personal experiences or
relations (iex., immediate family, current situation at home, etc.) or their
peers to help exhibit the how society has come to accept AUVs as "norms"
and its detrimental effects in relationships. Everyone seemed to have touch
on the basis that environment has a large influence on how people intereact
in their relationships, either from TV, or from their family environment.
For example, Christine
Gora used her life growing up as an example of how her father probably
came about the dominance model and her mother has her faith that keeps her
to believe that things should be equal. Christine's father was raised by
"many generations of dominant men," so that is a factor of how
he views his actions in relationships. And her mother does not believe that
the dominance model exists because her faith allows her to believe that
"he will be enlightened to the fact that there is a role for every
member in the household..." which should change his ways. In addition,
Christine used current media to help exhibit examples of conjunctive and
disjunctive conversation. These were shows that she may have watched, or
just stumbled across. She later held discussions with her immediate family
to show that AUVs are hidden like subliminal messages.
Another common approach seen in Generation 25, can be viewed in Paige
Kim's Report 1. The way she showed what AUVs are, and how it is viewed
through society were to use peer responses. She choose to look at today's
popular shows such as reality shows, or Gilmore Girls and examined the conversations
with her friends. Like Christine, and everyone else in Generation 25, both
revealed the veil that allows society to accept these AUVs as norms by speaking
with family or peers. Both expounded on why the AUVs are deemed "normal,"
and the common conclusion is: It is viewed everyday whether on TV, or
in a friend's relationship, so people deem it as normal. |
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Advice to Future
Generations
My advice to future generations is the common suggestion: don't procrastinate.
Also, I suggest that if you did not read all of the lecture notes for Report
1 you should try to read all of the lecture notes for Report 2, or at least
the parts that you missed or unsure about. Another suggestion is to have
a peer edit, or to look over your report for not just grammatical errors,
but to see if it all makes sense. You always want to make sure when you
publicize something, the "layman" is able to understand what you
are talking about. |
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| Links |
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My Home Page:
www.soc.hawaii.edu/leon/409bf2006/akiyama/akiyama-home.htm
G25 Class Home Page:
www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/leonpsy25/classhome-g25.htm |
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Tiffany
Akiyama © Fall 2006
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