Michael Schuber

Schuber@hawaii.edu

Psy 459—Theistic Psychology

Fall 2008—Generation 28

UHM Instructor: Dr. Leon James

Correspondences in Mental Psychology

A correspondence is at first glance best understood in the form of a sentence or phrase referring to the physical body or an action of the physical body that in turn refers to something in the mental world. A correspondence is not an analogy. It is a complex relationship between two similar and related things. Correspondences serve as torches in the labyrinth of complexity that is consciousness.

Correspondences are patterns of truth that flow throughout the various aspects of life. I pose a question. If there exists the same pattern of relations in different aspects of life, why create a new duplicate pattern? Would it not be more efficient to use the same pattern? Why not simply use the same pattern? In this sense, a correspondence is the relationship between two compatible things—where truth resides.

This may sound a bit confusing at first, but do not be alarmed. Once you get your foot in the door, we will see eye to eye.

If you laughed, you understood the (some might argue) very dry joke. The above sentence uses two mind-body correspondences to portray a thought: “get your foot in the door” and “see eye to eye.” For one, I do not literally actualize a door being between us, with you on the other side, nor am I able to see (or not see) your eyes right now. Somehow, however, we are able to mutually understand the ideas I am trying to portray in those two correspondences.

It just so happens that all thoughts, feelings, and sensations are meta-constructed from correspondences. Everything corresponds to something. Only one thing does not correspond to something, but corresponds to everything, and that thing is God. As you will see, correspondences are much more common than you might immediately imagine.

Correspondence Table

New Correspondence Table

Substantive Dualism

This theory of mental psychology takes a substantive dualistic stance. Since there is a physical world and a mental world, both worlds must be composed of something. Substantive dualism is the idea that the mental world is made of substance. It is illogical to assume that the mental is made merely of “ether,” or non-substance. This makes no sense. If something exists, it must be made of something. In this case, the physical world is made of light and heat, so the mental world must be made of spiritual light and spiritual heat as well. We can conclude this because the light and the heat in both worlds correspond to each other, among other things.

The spiritual sun is the body in the mental world that delivers spiritual light and spiritual heat to humans on earth like the physical sun sends light and heat to humans on earth. Spiritual light, however, corresponds to truth in the mental world; spiritual heat corresponds to love in the mental world.

Studying Mental Psychology Through Correspondences

As you may or may not have noticed, correspondences are the framework of mental psychology. They provide for the understanding of the mind and the body, as well as the mental and physical worlds. Correspondences provide the clues to follow the causality of consciousness from the physical world with the physical body into the mysterious mental world of eternity with the mental body and God.

We can benefit from studying correspondences because of the innate truth encapsulated inside each correspondence. Correspondences can illuminate causes for complex psychological phenomena, and they can solidify complex ideas into our heads without much effort or much practice. Investigating the phenomena leads to a richer understanding of mental psychology.

If correspondences are shown to be universal across cultures, they should certainly be taught in biology and psychology classes across the nation. Universal findings of mind-body correspondences in humans would naturally help to track the flow of consciousness and thought in humans—a truly amazing feat for science and humanity!

Correspondences have laid the foundation for a laboratory of information from which the mental can be systematically dissected into mental layers. Mental layers are layers of the mind that correspond to each other serially and simultaneously. These layers manage and maintain specific aspects of the conscious and the unconscious. There are twelve corresponding mental layers. In groups of three, the first three layers pertain to God, the second three pertain to the spiritual mind in Eternity, the third three pertain to the natural mind in Eternity, and the final three pertain to the three bodily containers in the physical world exclusively. The latter physical layers (10, 11, and 12) have little relevant correspondence with the other mental layers until death.

Mental Layers

Layers 9, 8, and 7 house the mental organs of everyday life, and they correspond to the three layers of the spiritual mind: layer 7 corresponds to layer 6, layer 8 corresponds to layer 5, and layer 9 corresponds to layer 4.

Dualism and correspondences allow for a mental anatomy. The mental anatomy is composed of three mental organs: the sensorimotor organ (layer 9), the cognitive organ (layer 8), and the affective organ (layer 7). These organs perform physical action, thinking, and feeling respectively. These organs also relate to both the physical and the mental world through correspondence.

The mental is made of substance. This means it is made of something. So, what is it made of? It is made of spiritual light and spiritual heat from the spiritual sun. As mentioned before, spiritual light and spiritual heat correspond to truth and love respectively. Where these correspond to traits of the Grand Human, spiritual darkness and spiritual coldness correspond to the Grand Monster. The Grand Human and the Grand Monster will be discussed in depth later.

Spiritual light and spiritual heat shoot out from the spiritual sun to eventually trickle down through the mental layers of a human being. Each layer is like a screen, or filter, transfiguring the form of the light and heat and permeating through to each corresponding layer. Each layer reconfigures the light for a corresponding meaning to travel through the mental organs and beyond to the physical body. Spiritual light and spiritual heat are not corruptible, but they are free to be misconstrued to fulfill selfish loves.

The Mental World of Eternity

The mental world exists, only in eternity. Eternity is the state of being outside of time; it is endless. Eternity has a beginning, but it does not have an end. Eternity should not be confused with infinity, for infinity is God. God is eternal, but he is also infinite, omniscient, and omnipresent. Infinity is something with no beginning and no end. Neither infinity nor eternity makes relevance of time.

It follows that all that is mental is eternal. The mental exists outside of time in a parallel universe that is the mental world of eternity. Once the mental exists, the mental will never cease to exist. Because the mental is not created by the physical world, it is not constrained to it either.

The mental world of eternity takes the shape of two human forms: one in the form of the Grand Human and one in the form of the Grand Monster. The Grand Human is inhabited by those who have truly altruistic loves, and the Grand Monster is inhabited by those who have truly selfish loves. A human’s deepest predominant love mostly determines one’s placement into either the Grand Human or the Grand Monster.

When one is released into the mental world of eternity, one will notice that his or her thoughts are intertwined with his or her loves. The binding between one’s loves and one’s thoughts is so innate, that it is almost unnoticeable and the root of many psychological dysfunctions. This binding is the foundation of mental psychology. Without this essential binding of one’s thoughts and loves in the mental world, the system would collapse.

Most importantly, since one’s thoughts are bound to one’s loves through correspondence, one, for the most part, loses the ability to choose where one’s loves reside. The Grand Monster has festered one’s loves into a selfish masochistic orgy, or the Grand Human has fostered one’s loves into a loving altruistic community. There is no stable between ground where one can live in the mental world of eternity, and one’s steadfast loves determine residence.

In the mental world, thoughts materialize themselves instantaneously. If one thinks it, one then exists in or with it. There is no grocery shopping unless you find love in grocery shopping. There are no bills to pay if you do not find love in paying bills. There is no cheating, unless you love cheating, and there is no gambling, unless you love gambling. You can share space with people who have the same loves and thoughts as you, or you can share privacy with only those who share your private thoughts and loves.

The Grand Human and the Grand Monster

The Grand Human and the Grand Monster correspond, respectively, to the Heaven and to the Hell from sacred scripture. In order to make sense of the sacred scripture though, one must be educated in the nature of correspondences. One must be able to distinguish nearly every correspondence, read them properly, and interpret them precisely. The process is a slow one, and it requires a trained eye.

It stands that the Grand Human and the Grand Monster are essential to the balance of the mental world and the physical world. At the creation of the mental world, there was only the Grand Human. Then, humans exercised their free will to create the Grand Monster. Without either the Grand Monster or the Grand Human, there would be chaos in the mental world. The true altruists could not be altruistic, but the true selfists could be selfish and take over and destroy the altruists.

Selfism and altruism are on different ends of the love spectrum.  There are varying degrees of altruism and varying degrees of selfism. The spectrum is not clearly defined in the middle. Moreover, the ambiguity of the middle provides for the quasi-neutral resuscitation zone.

Vertical Communities

Vertical Communities make up the Grand Human and the Grand Monster in the mental world of eternity. While physical communities extend horizontally, mental communities are vertical because of their mental properties. Physical communities extend outward to conquer mountains and mines, rivers and dams, forests and farmland, and oceans and trade routes. In contrast to the physical world bounded to space and time, the mental world has the comparative flexibility for vertical hierarchical communities. These communities are no longer separated by distance, but united by correspondence.

Those who share the same loves are co-present in the mental world, and those co-present communities correspond to the greater community (of either the Grand Human or Grand Monster) through the nature of their loves (altruistic or selfish).

This binding property of the mental world of eternity for the most part settles the vertical community dispute. There is no overlap between the Grand Human and the Grand Monster.

Resuscitation

The dying/resuscitation process is the “surgical” removal of the mental body from the physical body. The resuscitation process is when the mental body loses the physical restraints of the physical world. The process begins after the first death, which is dictated through the discretion of the Divine Psychologist.

When released from the physical world, the dead find a world limited only by one’s thoughts. One’s thoughts are ultimately limited only by one’s loves. One’s loves have mostly been set from decisions made while conscious in the physical world. It is, however unlikely, possible that one’s loves can be altered in the mental world. However, it is very unlikely that these loves will change once one has left the resuscitation zone. Loves are substantial, and once loves are accepted, they are hard to discard.

Because of the major influence of a ruling love in mental psychology, it is nearly impossible to change a love after the second death. It is analogous to the process of skydiving. When freefalling from the sky, a skydiver continues to pick up speed from freefall until he decides to assume the position of optimum resistance—i.e. arms spread and legs spread out for most air resistance. At optimum resistance, he has the ability to slow down his downward velocity and pull a parachute. Without slowing down, the parachute would not work properly.

In the mental world, a being pursues his loves like a skydiver pursues the fall, except there is never any end to the fall—in this case there is no ground. If there is never a bottom to hit, why should a skydiver slow down? This dilemma is analogous to one slowing down his mental pursuit of a love. It is very unlikely, though not impossible, for a being to stop loving his love.

The resuscitation process takes roughly 33 hours in earthly time. The exact time cannot exactly be known, but it is roughly 30 hours. Although, through correspondence, we can estimate it’s length at around 33 hours. Of course, since the resuscitation process begins and ends in the mental world of eternity, it is very difficult for one to follow the time for there is nothing to base it on. A whirl of mental beings and loves and the overwhelming mental freedom distracts the resuscitating mind from the fleeting memory of physical time.

During the resuscitation process, one’s ruling loves are made apparent to all in the resuscitation zone and relayed accordingly through correspondence to those in the Grand Human and the Grand Monster. The resuscitation zone is open to those who wish to temporarily exist there. Often family members will visit the zone in order to help guide others—whether they kin, friends, or strangers to the Grand Human or the worse Grand Monster.

The resuscitation process takes place in between the Grand Human and the Grand Monster in what is known as the “resuscitation zone.” This is a neutral zone where individuals in the spiritual world can temporarily visit. The resuscitation zone is the only zone other than the Grand Human and the Grand Monster.

After the resuscitation process, the ruling loves are accepted in a period known as “the second death”, and the second-deathers will take residence within communities in either the Grand Human or the Grand Monster.

The regenerated mind will have no trouble accepting loves of the Grand Human. Similarly, the un-regenerated mind will have no trouble accepting loves of the Grand Monster. (Regeneration & final choice) Regeneration has prepared the loves of an individual for a mental life in a community in the Grand Human.

Regeneration Process

The regeneration process is a process that takes place in the conscious mind in the active life of the physical world. It is a process filled with spiritual combat and temptation. Regeneration is a life-long process stemming from assessing everyday moral dilemmas. One’s selfish loves are witnessed and assessed by a dialogue with the Divine Psychologist. In His co-present form, the Divine Psychologist helps lead one to a decision to either accept or reject the selfish love and accept or reject an altruistic love.

A behavior is defined as selfish or altruistic based on the root intention, which is always a minor or major selfish or altruistic love. More times than not, un-regenerated minds will behave in ways that appear altruistic, but under the surface the deeper selfish love is using the current altruism to plant a selfish seed. This is why it is very important to view behavior from its deepest source of loves.

It is also common for one to trick himself into believing his behavior is altruistic, when his deeper love is actually selfish. For this reason, methodically regenerating all loves, deep and shallow, is essential to a healthy physical and mental life.

There are several phases of regeneration, which take place in a successive order.  Regeneration can only begin at early adulthood when the affective organ (layer 7) is activated. Regeneration cannot take place until this organ is online. Only after layer 7 is regenerated can layer 8 (the cognitive organ) begin to regenerate—and so forth. If one dies before the affective organ is conscious, regeneration will have to take place in the resuscitation zone with the help of skilled regenerators—those who love regeneration for the good in the regeneratee, the good of himself, and the good of the whole.

Regeneration takes place from the exterior portion of the layer and works inward toward the center of the layer. As one regenerates inward, he regenerates begins to regenerate the deeper loves until the deepest loves are regenerated.

The regenerated layer 7 corresponds to layer 6 in the mental world of eternity, the regenerated layer 8 corresponds to layer 5 in the mental world of eternity, and the regenerated layer 9 corresponds to layer 4 in the mental world of eternity. This means that if one regenerates his layer 7 but no other layers, he will reside in a layer 6 community in the Grand Human. As layers 7, 8, and 9 are regenerated, we gain access (although we are not conscious of this) to the spiritual layers 6, 5, and 4 respectively.

Self-Witnessing

Self-witnessing is a powerful technique utilized in regeneration. It is like a search and rescue technique for finding clues of the mental reality for one’s loves and using those clues to revitalize loves over time. When self-witnessing, the self becomes the observer of the threefold self—the sensorimotor organ(9), the cognitive organ(8) and the affective organ(7). The data collected from the thoughts and feelings of these organs during self-witnessing offers the most accurate depiction of one’s self to one’s self.

The self, alone, cannot automatically judge the self because it has a major conflict of interest: the immediate well-being of the self relies on opinions and beliefs of the self.

Self-witnessing can occur at any moment in life, as long as one can slow down and make the time to focus on objective sensations—whether they are thoughts or feelings. Successful self-witnessing requires a significant amount of concentration and an honest ear.

Trained self-witnessers can self-witness while driving, eating, conversing, or most other non-distracting daily routines. On the contrary, a novice self-witnesser must start with the pen and paper to learn to solidify objective self-witnessing data. He must document every sensation, thought, and feeling and learn the relevance of the data including, but not limited to, their respective correspondences.

It is the Divine Psychologist in his infinite co-present form that enables self-witnessing to occur. Without his co-presence, one would explode in a firework show of love—un-conscious of right and wrong, good and bad, and selfism and altruism.

In my early dabbling with self-witnessing, I found it to be quite stressful and chaotic. It was frustrating when the thoughts and feelings from my affective and cognitive organs refused to slow. I was constantly battered with overwhelming thoughts and feelings leaving me feeling hopeless.

The ending feeling of hopelessness however subsided by my third self-witnessing attempt, and a kind of flow of thoughts became apparent, however mostly incoherent.

Overtime, self-witnessing can develop into a clear dialogue between one’s self and God over one’s loves. When a high level of discourse is achieved, an effective regeneration process has begun. It follows that if a discourse is not actualized, the regeneration process is halted.

Self-witnessing could be taught as literacy or life-style training. Discovering motives behind one’s actions is relevant to understanding actions of characters in fiction and non-fiction literature, as well as understanding one’s actions in everyday decision-making. (reclaiming God in science)

Unfortunately, since self-witnessing cannot take place without the recognition of God, a theistic paradigm shift in the understanding of psychology must simultaneously occur.

Reclaiming God in Science

How does the scientific community reclaim God in science? There exist two hurdles: the issue of parsimony and the issue of empiricism.

First, the issue of parsimony must be effectively addressed. This relatively unheard theory of mental psychology possesses an element of eloquence in the rational patterns that exist in its structure (see correspondence, succession, and simultaneity). These elementary patterns create a dynamic outcome to explain a vast amount of complexities of the mental psychology.

Second, the issue of empiricism must be quelled. After reading thus far, the age-old argument of observing and testing God’s workings has no doubt lingered in your current scientific understanding. This was not the case less than a century ago.  Science and God used to be considered compatible, no, indivisible. Why, when monistic scientific theory fails to explain contemporary psychological phenomena must theism be left out of the review? No powerfully eloquent theory, such that mental psychology provides, should be left out of the debate for lack of empirical evidence.

Mental psychology is not made of fluff of God. Moreover, mental psychology is substantive and theistic. You may ask, “how could this be?” To that I counter, “how can it not?”

Everything that exists must be made of something, for it is not rational to believe that something can exist out of nothing. Ghosts, ghouls, spirits, fairies, demons, or any other mythical being made of non-substance is not a being at all.

That however, begs the question: of what is a love made? A love is made of spiritual energy. A love is a power source in the mental world, which gives vigor to life in the physical world through correspondence.

Mental psychology clashes head-on with non-theistic psychology because of their main stances on the nature of inquiry. Non-theistic psychology has a negative bias, while mental psychology has a positive bias. The dispute is partly due to non-theistic psychologists insisting on empiricism in the scientific method so that what cannot be directly observed does not exist. Mental psychology does not make this claim, for not everything is in the proper form to be witnessed. For example, a blind man cannot see the light from a lamppost, does this mean light does not exist. It could mean that light

If mental psychology is found to be biological and free of a particular religion’s dominance, it should be taught in public schools. The Constitution of the United States prohibits federal funding of any religious institution. Mental psychology is not a religion, nor does it support any religion. Mental psychology simply uses the idea of a God as a scientific possibility.

Mental Psychology: A Religion?

Mental psychology is different from religion in several ways. For one, mental psychology claims no one religious origin. For example, all sacred scriptures are relevant for scientific inquiry in mental psychology, while religions pick and choose which sacred scripture is valid to the understanding of God. Mental psychology takes a holistic approach in explaining God’s relationship with human beings.

Also, there exists no hierarchy of religious leaders in mental psychology, and there is no room for them in its architecture. Any hierarchy constructed from mental psychology would only appear to be constructed from mental psychology. It is much more likely that mental psychology would permeate through the already existing social stratum through teachers, professors, politicians, and other community leaders.

As it stands today, there exist no rituals in mental psychology, as there are in religion, and there never will be rituals in mental psychology. Self-witnessing practices in mental psychology are more ways of thinking then they are rituals. There is no praying in mental psychology. There is merely thanking. There are no sacrificial rituals in mental psychology. There is merely an eternal love dialogue between God and the individual.

Religions focus on group-relations with God, while mental psychology focuses on the individual relationship between a being and God. While religious members congregate in churches, cathedrals, mosques, temples, rivers, mountains, other variations of space, and even cyberspace, those who choose mental psychology have no specific space of worship.

Religions are institutions that indoctrinate and proliferate ideas for the general public, but mental psychology—while having the flexibility to indoctrinate and proliferate ideas through other institutions like schools, hospitals, nursing homes, private psychological practices, courthouses, prisons, etc—does not.

While religions are exclusive in nature, mental psychology is inclusive in nature. There are no membership restrictions in mental psychology like there are in all religions. Persons from all ethnic and cultural backgrounds are encouraged to regenerate.

While most religions are at odds with science, mental psychology exists within the bounds of science. The majority of American Christianity is in conflict with scientists over such things as evolutionary theory and big bang theory. Mental psychology encompasses all scientific phenomena. For example, while the majority of American Christians despise evolutionary theory and its seemingly ominous implications towards religion in general, mental psychology welcomes evolutionary theory to be the means for which God has created life.

Mental psychology is a tool used to probe at the inner-workings of the mind, while religions serve to maintain order and build communities.

A Feasible Scientific Definition of God?

The scientific definition of God is feasible to me, personally, because of the mysteries of life that have troubled, not only modern scientists, but philosophers, theologians, artists, kings, merchants, and children alike. Throughout the course of time, it is a safe bet that the secrets of the cosmos and the secrets of the chaos have remained a mystery, as they do today.

With the recent advances of relativity theory—a theory of cosmos—and quantum theory—a theory of chaos—follow an interesting dual perspective on the universe. In the same way these two radical physical theories must unite, the study of the mental world must converge with the study of the physical world to truly study what I believe to be God.

I beg any physicist to define “energy” for me. With the near completion of the large haydron collider in Switzerland, particle physicists may have some questions answered for them, but once they find all the particles in an electron, then what? What happens when we are able to accurately model the inner-working of an electron, and we do still do not understand why there is energy? I do not have a problem calling that God’s work, while continuing to investigate.

Mental Psychology: Is it for All People?

Heaven and Hell as ruling loves acquired in life are acceptable to all people, including atheists, because of the science behind altruism.

Evolutionary altruism suggests that doing “good” for your family may have been passed on through genes. This is because kin share genes with each other, and genes “want” good for their duplicate copies in other creatures.

But that is only kin. Evolutionary psychologists suggest a tit-for-tat mechanism underlying our altruistic tendencies. Tit-for-tat means that if somebody is nice to you, you are nice back to him, and if somebody is mean to you, you are mean back to him. A fairly simplistic mechanism such as this surely exists, and if it does, it would make sense to reward the good with goodness, and punish the bad properly. For if everyone is good to the good, then the good will have an advantage, and the good will prosper and the bad will disappear.

The above is good for all people, including atheists. The aesthetically pleasing nature of the system and the scientific, rational arguments arising from the studies of altruism and mental psychology allow for the appeal of all people.

Further research

Further research in the field of mental psychology can come from a number of angles. For one, mental psychologists could study the nature of dualism. By disproving monism scientists could describe the dualistic nature more clearly.

Second, research on the differences between the male and female mental anatomy could offer further insights into the workings of mental psychology. Specifically if there are differences in the anatomy of the layers, then naturally there will be differences in self-witnessing, regeneration, and maybe even differences in the resuscitation process.

Also, investigating how self-witnessing would have to be different for females than it would for males. While the principles would remain the same, some differences should be noted to understand the significances of the sex differences.

Perhaps there might even be sex differences in the corresponding layers to the communities in the Grand Human and the Grand Monster. Again, the principles of mental psychology would remain the same, but differences should be investigated.

Second Life: Similar to the Mental World of Eternity?

Second Life is a vast virtual online community. Millions of people from around the world play Second life for social interactions and even business opportunities. Second life is an attempt to create a user-friendly world where members have the freedom to change the world however they would like it to be (with the exception of malicious behaviors). When you log into second life, you are immediately engulfed in a digital world, which is, oddly enough, teeming with life. Yes, people inhabit this digital world.

It is likely that most Second Life users behave in ways that accentuate their loves. With the exception of users making a living off of Second Life, most users use Second Life in their spare time to communicate ideas, expressions, feelings, emotions, and even romance as well as teaching others about things found in the physical world. Others craft clothes, pets, and other objects—which they do through computer design techniques and coding provided by the Second Life software—and the creators maintain the intellectual property rights of their creations. The landscape in Second Life, as well, is created and maintained by its residents.

The relative flexibility and creative capabilities provided by the Second Life software allow for residents to behave as they wish. This is somewhat analogous to the flexibility for creative expression in the mental world of eternity. Remember, the mental world of eternity is a place where thoughts materialize themselves instantaneously.

Second Life users become residents when they create their Avatars. Avatars are digital bodies that you, and other residents, can view. Avatars are flexible in that the user can change his (or her) appearance. Avatars can gesture and behave like human beings. They perform actions on command from the user. It is the direct influence of the mind that makes the avatar move and behave humanly. In this sense, it is only the mind that can limit what an avatar does, and this strikingly resembles the mental limitations demonstrated by one’s loves in the mental world of eternity.

Houses, clothes, and other accessories for avatars are created from nothing other than the minds of the residents in Second Life. Even pets that behave pet-like are creatable in Second Life. This is similar to the mental world of eternity, for if you loved your cat in the physical world, your thoughts can create him in the mental world of eternity—perhaps without the litter box.

Avatars have the ability to fly in Second Life, just as mental bodies in the mental world of eternity can fly. Avatars can fly upwards, downwards, forwards, and from side to side. It so happens that the beautiful human form is preserved in the avatar, yet super human abilities that only the mind, not biology, could ever create mimic the wonderful possibilities of the mental world of eternity. There are few limits to what an avatar can do in Second Life. As Second Life evolves, there will be even more freedom for avatars, making Second Life more and more similar to the mental world of eternity.

The ability to travel in Second Life is more similar to the mental world of eternity than it is to the physical world. Like communities in the mental world of eternity are merely a thought away, in Second Life, unique locations are merely a click away. One moment your avatar could be in a library, and the next moment you could be in your friend’s house having a fresh cup of tea.

Communities in the mental world of eternity congregate based on their shared loves. This is exactly like the way communities form in Second Life. Communities in Second Life form based on shared interest in activities and socializing.

Second Life is growing physically larger and larger as residents create more and more. As the amount of content in Second Life grows—naturally the amount of files rise as well—the actual land increases, allowing more and more Avatars to search and find what they are looking for. If they do not find what they are looking for after searching long and afar, they can create what they seek!

Finally, a part of Second Life could become a means to teach mental psychology. It would be great to see a part of the new digital world, with its mass of similarities to the proposed mental world of eternity, to be designated for the teaching of mental psychology.