Emotions:

Feelings:

Threefold Self:

Hierarchy of Motives:

Annotated Bibliography:

"A reasonable rule of thumb is thus: as the intensity of an emotion goes up, the capacity for intelligent thinking goes down. Think back to your idiotic behaviors. I bet they were mostly caused by an excess of emotion that made clear thinking impossible. You loved the wrong person; you feared taking steps that might have bettered your life; you became angry and lashed out to harm someone, often someone you love." "We all espouse love, yet think how frequently love has wrecked lives. Think of the stupidities in which you (or your friends or loved ones) have engaged in the name of love. After the emotional storm, think of the regret you felt at how you damaged your life. Society's strong moral prohibition against promiscuity and divorce, after all, comes down to the protection of marriage against intemperate love that leads life partners astray. We are all susceptible. This is not an argument against divorce but against mindlessness."

"For instance, one of pet peeves while driving is when a person signals to change lanes but no one lets them in. It bothers her so much that when someone doesn't let her in, "I start swearing and driving recklessly because I'm so frustrated and angry." She says, "it's easier to cut in front of some one that isn't paying attention than to wait until someone lets you in."

"So for Danell, the affective domain is that she feels angry and frustrated when people don't let her in when she signals to change lanes. The cognitive domain is that she thinks that the people who don't let her in are not courteous, only think of themselves, or they have something against her. The sensorimotor domain is how it effects her, she starts swearing and driving recklessly."

" I noticed that when driving, if someone does something I don't like and the person is someone who I feel unintimidated by, I sometimes feel the urge to retaliate in some way. Whether it's cussing, tailgating or driving by them just to stare, I need some way to express my displeasure. For some strange reason, retaliating seems to make the situation better for me. For example, I was driving 25mph on a slightly winding two ways, two lane roads. Apparently, I wasn't going fast enough because these two guys in back of me were tailgating me on their mopeds. To make things worse, they kept revving their little moped engines, which in turn made this irritating noise. With each rev, and with every inch closer they came, I remember feeling more and more irritated. So I slowed down to about 20mph, which caused them to drive even closer. At one point, I saw them checking to see if it was clear and I knew they wanted to overtake me. So they accelerated, swerved to he side of me and tried to overtake me. When they reached about half the length of my car, I stepped on the gas and sped up. They were forced to get back in our lane and they weren't happy. As I saw the disgust on their face, I remember feeling good that I was able to piss them off."

We can also become angry at ourselves, as when we do something stupid. You can only do this when you can separate yourself as victim from yourself as cause, i.e. if you can "externalize" one part of you, so that you can blame "it" without acknowledging your own need to adapt. It's always a "stupid mistake." If you push someone who is angry at themselves, they will quickly become angry at you. If it is fully accepted, it becomes sadness instead.

We also experience vicarious anger, that is, we get angry at things that happen to others, even when these things don't impact on us. This may be just a matter of, again our own sense of justice being violated; it may also be due to our ability to put ourselves in someone else's shoes (sympathy, empathy, compassion...).

"Depression may increase the risk of heart failure among elderly people with hypertension, according to an article in the July 23 Archives of Internal Medicine."

"The authors concluded that depressed persons had a two-fold higher risk for developing heart failure."

"Depression and Diabetes Often Occur Together" Mental Health Weekly. 2001.

"Depression-related behaviors such as overeating and not engaging in exercise are linked with the development of type-two diabetes. The research shows that diabetics with depression have poorer control over their blood sugar and higher rates of diabetes complications."

Lori Morita: May God be between you and harm and in all the empty places you must walk.

Nitsa McCarthy: Phobia, phobia, phobia!

Psy 409/G3 Garrett Chun: ...just makes you want to stop what you are doing and SCREAM!

Karla Dias: What I'm Afraid Of: School Phobia

Psy 409/G3a Artemio Baxa II: "I probably have a huge booger in my nose and she'll see it!"

Lori Kim: Romance and Power, HUH??

Psy 459/G1 Jae Isa: ...intense conversation with the latter resulting in the greatest performance decrement.

Todd Takitani: Uh-Oh, Cover Your Eyes (Or Turn Off Your Netscape)!

Psy 459/G2 Bryan Yucoco: Foul mouth

Alan Furukawa: LIGHT'N UP, MADDOG

Psy 459/G3 Donna Handoe: I DON'T CARE ABOUT MY PASSENGERS FEELINGS

Darin Kawamoto

I can't stop having violent thoughts about other drivers I've learned that I was never the only one that was going through difficult times when I attacked the computer! This is very important to me because I have learned to deal with situations that come up and read about how to solve my problems. This saves me a lot of time and stress and I can get a lot more done. By reading the problems that these previous generations went through, I think that I'm lucky that I actually have someone's footsteps to follow. Unlike us, most of the earlier generations didn't have others to look back on and see how they dealt with problems. I just hope that I can pass on to the upcoming generations, knowledge that I hope they can use, as well as knowledge they find interesting!

Advice for Future Students

To all you younger generations I just have a one thing to say before I complete this report. The first thing is that you must stress! I am definite about this. This is not a class that you want to take lightly because the more you put into this class the more you'll get back. You will be able to put all this knowledge that you've learned to good use in the near future. So don't slack off!!!

When does workplace violence, one of those legalistic catch-phrases of the 1990s, simply become mass murder? For most workers and many experts, it’s difficult to imagine the carnage in a Honolulu office yesterday in the same category as threats, robbery and bullying.

"The people who commit mass murder in the workplace by which I mean three or more people killed are very different from the people who do almost all workplace violence and crime," said Dr. Park Dietz, whose company, Threat Assessment Group of Newport Beach, Calif., provides violence prevention consultation across the country.

"There are, at most, a couple dozen mass murders per year in the U.S.," Dietz said. "They are quite unrelated to the more than 1 million workplace violence incidents that occur each year." Workers and employers are much more likely to have to deal with ccurrences of robbery, rape, assault, threats, bullying, intimidation and harassment.

"But," Dietz said, "what frightens the public, and understandably so, is the highly publicized (but less prevalent)… mass murders."

More than half of American companies have experienced at least one instance of workplace violence in the past three years, according to a national survey scheduled to be released next week. Few are on the scale of the Xerox shooting.

"What happened in Hawaii is tragic, but it’s also atypical," said Kristin Accipter, a spokeswoman for the Society for Human Resource Management, the Arlington, Va.-based organization that conducted the new survey.

Shootings and stabbings accounted for 2 percent of the incidents, according to the survey, while the most common violent acts in the workplace were verbal threats, at 41 percent, and "pushing and shoving," 19 percent. According to statistics from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, homicide is the second leading cause of death on the job, second only to motor vehicle crashes. But the majority of workplace homicides — 71 percent — occur during robbery-related crimes; 9 percent are committed by co-workers or former co-workers.

"People have to understand that although they hear about events like this, they’re really anomalies," said Steve Kaufer, co-founder of the Workplace Violence Research Institute in Palm Springs, Calif.

"The likelihood of suffering an event like this at their workplace is very, very small."

And yet people are fascinated, grasping to understand why a colleague might feel angry or trapped or persecuted enough to pick up a gun and target fellow workers. It is the stuff of dark humor at the water cooler — the jokes about an eccentric or moody co-worker "going postal."

The reasons behind such attacks are complex and layered, often beginning with long-standing depression that may never have been addressed, accentuated by any number of perceived or real slights or setbacks, according to experts.

"The individual who commits mass murder in the workplace is generally suicidal, depressed, paranoid, angry, preoccupied with violence, and often frightening to those around him," said Dietz, also a clinical professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at the University of California (Los Angeles) School of Medicine.

"Typically, there have been inappropriate behaviors for years. The problem for prediction is that for every individual who does this, there are a thousand people just like him who don’t do it."

In the case of Byran Uyesugi, the Xerox Hawaii worker accused of gunning down seven co-workers, there was at least one previous incident involving violence. An angry Uyesugi once kicked the elevator door at work, and he was required to undergo anger management counseling. Whether what Dietz calls the "moment of desperation" arrives at all may hinge on any number of accidental or trivial circumstances: Whether someone was kind to him that day. Whether he was humiliated that week. Or handled gently. How handy the weapons are. What he’s been hearing on the news."

Other factors: a history of violence, low self-esteem, blaming others for one’s own misfortunes. Almost invariably, these perpetrators are loners, usually male, and often socially isolated.

Sgt. Larry Chavez, senior hostage negotiator for the Sacramento Police Department, has worked in crisis intervention for more than a decade. He recognizes one particular circumstance of the Hawaii case as typical of many instances of workplace violence, citing recent examples in Pelham, Ala., and Charlotte, N.C.

"This individual entered a meeting room and killed several people, walking by other people whom he might have killed," Chavez said. "It’s a clear indication that the person is operating with a mental checklist of individuals with whom he wanted to get even."

Beyond the personal, we live in a society where violence has become increasingly more acceptable, and where the mass media’s portrayal of murder in America is an everyday event.

"There aren’t as many boundaries as there used to be," said Dorothy B. Mayer, president of Crisis Solutions in Chicago, a consulting firm that helps companies manage workplace crises and violence. There’s a lessening of civility between people, and a tolerance for more verbal abuse both in families and the workplace."

In the past few years, a plethora of consultants have emerged to advise and train companies in how to prevent violence, and heighten awareness of employees in need of help. Yet Hawaii, in particular, is less likely to see business taking such measures, said Dr. Daryl Matthews, a local forensic psychiatrist who advises companies on workplace violence.

"I don’t think there’s a tremendous amount of local activity in training," Matthews said. "And I think here, as on the Mainland, there’s a great need."By v The threefold self of those who have a lot of anger within themselves react negatively in any type of situation. Their spin cycle works together and clouds their hierarchy of motives. In this case, Byron Uyesugi had pent up anger against his fellow colleagues. His affective, cognitive and sensorimoter worked together and clouded his values.

I would like to begin by saying, straight out that my observations are not many in number. I only have three observations of intense or negative driver communication. This leads me to believe that driving, at least on O'ahu and within my driving areas (Honolulu, H-1 Freeway, Pali Hwy, Kamehameha Hwy, and Kalaniana'ole) is actually a pleasant thing to do. I also am led to believe that if we personally have a bad experience while driving, we tend to keep that in the back of our minds and refer back to it when we think about driving. Hence, the few bad experiences overshadow the many pleasant ones.

November 23, 1997 at 10:45 pm on Kalaniana'ole Highway: I was driving home from Kailua on Kalaniana'ole Highway heading towards Waimanalo. In this area there are two lanes of traffic at a posted speed limit of 45mph. When you approach Waimanalo, the right lane merges into the left lane, and it's this one lane road all the way into Hawaii Kai. I was driving at about 50mph in the right lane. There was a van in the left lane about three car lengths ahead of me and a large pick-up truck in the right lane about two car lengths in back of me. We were approaching the merge area, so I turned on my left blinker to get into the lane in between the two mentioned cars. The truck behind sped up, closing the gap, and not allowing me in. So, because there was still enough room to do so safely, I sped up and passed the van, and merged into the left lane without problems. The van turned into a side street soon after, at which time the truck approached me very quickly from behind, turned off his regular headlights and turned on a pair of very bright fog lights, which due to the height of his truck, and the smallness of my car, shone directly into my rearview mirror. I flipped the mirror up to protect my eyes, but noticed that he/she did not back off. When I turned right onto my road, I looked back and saw the driver switch back to his regular headlights.

My self-modification experiment focused on "following too close." The reason I chose this act is because it has always been a problem for me. From the beginning of my driving life, people have consistently commented on how I follow very close to other cars. After a few years, I realized this was a real problem. Since then, I have improved. Although, at the present, I do not receive comments from my driving companions on my following too close, I know that I do drive too close and it is dangerous.

Although I have been aware of my problem, I have not done much about it. I can not seem to create an enduring driving personality trait of following farther behind. The way I went about this experiment was to self-witness several driving trips. I had a baseline trial and trials where I intervened. I used role playing and self-witnessing as tools to aid the intervention. The self-witnessing kept me conscious of what I was doing so I could constantly bring myself back on track when I regressed to my tendency of driving too close.

Data

Trial one: baseline observation I self-witnessed my driving trials on a tape recorder. For my first trial, I did not attempt to change my behavior and attitude, I tried to act normal. Boy, did I find out a lot about myself and my driving.

My attitude stunk really bad on the first trial. Bad thoughts constantly clouded my mind. I continuously scorned people for the way they drove. It was as though I was the head honcho on driving etiquette. I even got mad at pedestrians.I noted six times where I was driving too close to another car. My distance varied from one to one and a half car lengths between myself and the car in front of me at 60 miles per hour to half a car length distance in 10 to 15 miles per hour traffic. On more then one occasion, I counted less then two seconds between my and the car in front of me.

Trial two: intervention

I attempted to change my "driving too close" behavior through self-witnessing which keeps me conscious of what I am doing and thinking. I also tried role play, which involves taking on the persona of a nice person who does not let anything bother her and who does not drive close behind other cars.

I noted two times where I followed too closely. On both occasions I had to remind myself to slow down and not to be so anxious. Many people cut in front of me. I struggled, and still am struggling, with this issue. I had to tell myself that it is not worth getting mad over. Why should I waste my energy on someone I do not even know. I should just smile and not let something so minute get to me. I did not want anyone to get the best of me, especially if they had no intention of upsetting me.

I utilized familiar strategies (i.e. self-witnessing and role playing) and I even sang to relax myself. I made up songs like "I'm not mad, I love to give people their space, la, la, la."

Trial three: intervention

By trial three, I was very relaxed and not very anxious to get home. This may have been due to role playing and if it had not been for that, I may have been the exact opposite. I did not let it bother me that I was leaving so much space between me and the car in front. I usually try leave no space between myself and the person in front because I do not want anyone to cut in. I am not in a grocery store, people are not cutting in line, they are just trying to get to a destination. I should not add stress to their trip. They have the right to be able to get into a lane occupied by me.

I only noted one time where I was following too closely. This was because someone cut between me and the car in front. What I did was slow down and create a safe distance between the two of us.

Near my home, I was behind two drivers who were going around three miles below the speed limit and I got a little irritated but self-witnessing made me realize what I was doing. I adjusted my attitude to that of a forgiving and understanding driver and did not let myself get too close, I followed far behind. No matter what, I should not follow too close behind. My cruise home behind the two cars at 20 miles per hour proved quite free of stress.

Results:

Actively trying to change my bad habit, "driving too close," proved successful. I significantly reduced the number of incidents my habit occurred. Role playing, being conscious of my actions and being awake to every move through self-witnessing, and even singing were all helpful strategies.

I am not surprised at the results. This was a very short experiment and it was easy to alter my behavior with the help of self-witnessing. I feel it will be difficult to continue my self-modification for a long time; even though it is beneficial, with no incentive, push, and support, I may fall in my pursue of bettering myself. Dr. James spoke of quality driving circles (QDC's) which do just that (i.e. support, push, and give incentive), so maybe I can find one and hopefully it will do the trick. I think it would also prove useful to focus on a very specific habit (e.g. Instead of speeding, focus on exceeding the speed limit by 15 miles per hour.). This seems as though it would be easier to accomplish. Accomplishing smaller goals gives more incentive to change, it makes change seem more possible. Thus, it is easier for one to continue the process of a driving personality.

1.One of the key steps to overcoming anger is to identify the object of your anger. Many people who struggle with chronic anger aren't even sure what they're angry about. When you identify what you're angry about you can begin the process of dealing with it.

2.One of the goals of an angry person can be to draw attention to themselves. They often feel that negative attention is better than no attention at all. If you don't feel loved or needed, this may be a root cause of your anger.

3.Accept the fact that most things in the world are out of your control. If you try to continually control your family, friends or circumstances you will find the result frustrating.

4.The root of your anger may lie in a lack of forgiveness. If you've never forgiven someone who's hurt you, you're caught in a viscous trap that will ultimately destroy you.

5.Many who struggle with anger hate themselves. Self-hatred can be used as a tool to control your emotions. You may need to learn new skills to control your emotions in a positive way.

6.You may be angry about things your family or friends have done to you in the past, even decades ago. This is called residual anger. It is possible to resolve this anger and move on with your life, but you must be willing to spend time identifying the root of your problem and choosing to forgive those who have hurt you.

7.There are some legitimate physical causes for anger. If you suspect your problem may be related to a chemical imbalance in your body, be evaluated by a qualified psychiatrist.

8.In truth, no one can "make you angry," even though they can provoke you. You can control your response to people and circumstances.

9.There is a place for "righteous anger," when one of God's principles is violated. Scripture does admonish us to "not let the sun go down on our anger" though. In other words, when you feel angry, it is important to deal with it and move past it as soon as possible.

10.If you or a family member is struggling with anger issues, they're not likely to go away by themselves. It is necessary to identify the cause of the anger and take proactive steps to resolve it.

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