A Review of:

Road Rage and Aggressive Driving: Steering Clear of Highway Warfare

Dr. Leon James and Dr. Diane Nahl

Prometheus Books 2000

By Tanja Nikolic (Dec. 9. 2002)

Dr. Leon James, Instructor

Instructions for this Report

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  The Book Overall Content

 

In the book Road Rage and Aggressive Driving: Steering Clear of Highway Warfare, the authors are interested in educating the audience on the growing problem of road rage.  This book promotes self-assessment and at the same time offers guidelines that can help prevent drivers from becoming victim of road rage.  It provides an opportunity to gain better education concerning road rage and it’s dangers.  The book is divided into 12 chapters that are: 

-         Ch 1.  Driving in the Age of Rage                                           

-         Ch 2.  Aggressive Driving and Mental Health

-         Ch 3.  Causes of Highway hostility

-         Ch 4.  The Road Rage Spectrum

-         Ch 5.  Emotional Intelligence for Drivers

-         Ch 6.  Three-Step Driver Self-Improvement Program

-         Ch 7.  Children and Road Rage

-         Ch 8.  Supportive Driving

-         Ch 9.  Life Long Drivers Education

-         Ch 10. The War Against Aggressive Driving

-         Ch 11. Speed Limits-The Great Motorist Rebellion

-         Ch 12. Dream Cars and Driving Realities

 

The book is also divided into three major parts.  Part 1 is Conflict Mentality that covers chapters 1-4.  Part two in Driving Psychology and covers chapters 5-9.  The Future of Driving is part 3 and includes chapters 10-12.

 

Chapter 1.

 

k What is Road Rage?

 

This chapter begins with Dr. Nahl and Dr. James giving actual examples of road rage that immediately got my attention.  One of those examples is: “A man was shot at after he had honked at another car who passed him” (Ch. 1, p. 22).  These types of road rage incidents are happening all around us every day and are jeopardizing our safety on the roads.  The authors define road rage as “extreme state of anger that often precipitates aggressive behavior, sometimes restricted to words and gestures, sometimes as assault and battery.”  Road rage and aggressive driving are significant problems in our society.  The emotions of rage and anger brought out from those behaviors are learned.

 

k Emotional Literacy

 

In this chapter, the section about Developing Emotional Literacy (p. 38) caught my attention.  This section states that we need to become aware of what type of driver we really are.  Are we aggressive, defensive or supportive drivers?  Many of drivers are in a state of denial over being classified as aggressive driver and when confronted they respond: “No way-I’m an excellent driver!” (p. 38).  It is essential to learn how to monitor our thoughts while we are driving and this self-awareness becomes essential in developing emotional literacy.

 

Chapter 2.

 

k Denial of Aggressive Driving

 

In the beginning of this chapter the authors state, “aggressive drivers typically blame other drivers for their conduct” (Ch. 2, p.47).  This denial is common behavior among aggressive drivers.  Like with many “addictive” conditions such as drug abuse, alcoholism, road rage, etc., people are in denial that they need help.  Road ragers will go out of their way just to show others that they did something wrong and do not know how to drive properly.  Road ragers typically believe that they are the best drivers in the world and always blame others when something goes wrong.

 

k Why Driving Arouses Anger

 

In this section Dr. Nahl and Dr. James offered us “fifteen conflicting aspects of driving that act as stressors” (p. 52).  Some of those challenges are: immobility, restrictions, lack of personal control, diversity, venting, emotional challenges, etc.  It is important to identify and recognize these challenges because they are major causes of expressing hostility, road rage and general aggressiveness on the roads. 

 

Chapter 3

 

k Defensive Driving

 

According to the authors, defensive driving is not a good way of driving because it does not encourage mutual support, tolerance or compassion towards other drivers.  “Defensiveness can create suspicion and encourage the tendency to see other drivers as the enemy” (Ch. 3, p.70).  Therefore, defensive drivers actually increase their chances of being victimized by road ragers.  Further, defensive drivers tend to maintain a competitive attitude and are always suspicious of other drivers and believe that others are not good drivers.  Instead of defensive driving, Dr. Nahl and Dr. James proposed a concept called supportive driving.

 

Chapter 8

 

k Supportive Driving

 

This chapter is my favorite and covers the very important concept of Supportive Driving.  The supportive driver knows how to fight the norm of negativity and acts in a prosocial style.  It is important to recognize and accept diversity of drivers and styles of driving.  Supportive driving includes a supportive attitude toward other drivers, acceptance of pluralism and an “accommodation to diversity and transforming frustrating traffic into a community-building opportunity” (Ch. 8, p. 176).  We have to be aware that all drivers do make mistakes, including ourselves and all drivers have the right to share the road.  We must learn to drive as supportive drivers for the benefit of ourselves and all drivers.  Here are some quotes that describe supportive driving:

 

“Supportive Driving is an accommodating style that emphasized adjusting to the great DIVERSITY of highway users and steering clear of the emotional entrapments of road rage thinking” (p. 167).

 

“The focus of Supportive Drivers is to facilitate safe passage for everyone on the road” (p. 169).

 

Chapter 7

 

k  Youth and Road Rage

 

It is essential that parents realize that their children are learning negative driving behavior from observing their own actions while driving.  “Kids do whatever parents do, they say things they hear older kids and adults saying, and their emotional reactions are shaped by mimicking adult feelings” (ch.7, p.152).  Driver education for children starts at an early age and it is important to recognize that children will learn from watching others act and also, are greatly influenced by the media.  We all know that TV and video games are very influential “toys.”  However, at the same time, many cartoons, movies, music video and video games promote aggressive driving.  We have to become aware that these exposures to aggression while driving will help shape negative driving habits when our children become licensed drivers.

 

Chapter 11.

 

k  Speed Limits Regulations

 

When talking about speed limits, cultural norms play important role.  In American society there is 15 MPH divide between cultural norm and the law.  “This is the source of the great American speed limit rebellion that is fomenting in activist groups around the nation and on the Web” (Ch 11, p. 237).  The majority of drivers do not follow the speed limits and many think that limits are senseless barriers.   However, speed limits are important tools in ensuring road safety and controlling aggressive driving.  It is important that we promote safety on our roads and encourage conscious missions against aggressive driving.

 

Additional Thoughts

 

When I first started reading this book, I could not help but focus on the fact that author Dr. James wrote from his own personal experience.  At one time he was “the worse road rager” and today he is a transformed man who is now called Dr. Driving and is his own best example of a supportive.  He is not only an influential individual, but also an advocate and teacher of a supportive driving system.  Dr. Driving and his wife Dr. Nahl presented problems of road rage in this fascinating book and also offered us the essential solution to these problems.  This book promotes self-assessment and at the same time offers guidelines that can help prevent drivers from becoming victim of road rage.  It provides an opportunity to gain better education concerning road rage and it’s dangers.

 

The topics covered in this book are very relevant to everyday driving experiences and encounters.  Personally, I was very interested in many topics introduced in this book because they offered me a chance to assess and improve my own knowledge and habits on this rising problem of road rage.  The authors Nahl and James offered many real life examples of road rage.  As a reader, I found those examples to be not only relevant, but of great importance because I can now see more clearly that roads are very dangerous places and road rage can impact the lives of all of us, not just the lives of the road ragers themselves.  

 

Many of the issues covered in this book were already familiar to me.  I know what road rage is and that the media has a negative influence on drivers, especially young drivers.  I know differences between defensive and aggressive driving, however, prior to taking this course I never really looked closely into these issues nor did I ever take a look at what type of driver I am.  Like many, I was not consciously aware that road accidents are one of the major causes of death in our society.  Also, I was not aware that our society has poor driving education standards and due to that our roads have become very dangerous. 

 

Because this book is a great guide to becoming a supportive driver, it should be of interest to all present and future drivers, parents, students and teachers.  It is essential that parents read this book because they have the greatest influence on their children’s learning and behavior, and especially because children will do whatever their parents do.  “Children soak up the norms of behavior in their environment, and that’s how the road rage tradition is passed on the next generation” (Ch 7, p. 152).  Driving behavior is learned at a very early age, so while parents are driving, they need to set good examples for their children.  I think that this book should be required reading in schools.  

 

Students like myself can benefit from reading this book because many of us are in fact, already aggressive drivers and are not aware that while driving we actually are a threat to people around us.  Many of us have to recognize and change our poor driving behavior and this book is the place to start as it offers solutions.  We have to learn how to become supportive drivers instead of defensive or aggressive drivers and like the authors said we need to drive with Aloha.  According to the book “Supportive driving is an accommodating style that emphasizes adjusting to road rage diversity of highway users and steering clear of the emotional entrapments of road rage thinking” (Ch. 8, p.167). 

 

 

·  The Book’s Importance

 

The book Road Rage and Aggressive Driving: Steering Clear of Highway Warfare has a great importance because it is relevant to major public concerns.  Those concerns are road rage and aggressive driving which are some of the main fatality causes in the U.S. and they affect all of us from pedestrians, passengers and drivers.  Because road rage and aggressive driving are major social problems, a change is needed.  This book should be a first step toward a solution of this problem.  Due to lack of driver’s education and knowledge, the aggressive actions and behavior is on the rise.

 

In our driving environment, we all have to share the roads and work together in achieving safety.  The emotions and feelings cannot be ignored and we have to become aware of our surroundings.  Our society lacks of awareness, self-control and emotional intelligence in the driving environment.  Road Rage promotes self-awareness that is the first important step in avoiding aggressive actions while driving.  The solutions that the authors Dr. Nahl and Dr. James offer in this book are very important and essential.  Some of the solutions offered are self-awareness exercises, alternatives to emotional thinking and also information about behaviors that jeopardize our physical and mental help are available.   

 

It is of a great importance that a proper driver’s education is available to all, especially children.  We need to enforce good habits into our children’s behavior starting at early age, because our children are future drivers and they do learn from us.  We need to set a good example by following road rules and promoting supportive driving.  Also, we need to discuss with our children both positive and negative issues concerning driving.  The reward for proper behavior, such as wearing a seat belt, should always be encouraged.  

 

Being a psychology major student, I can see that there are many connections linking this book and psychology.  The first would be a link through emotional psychology, since the emotional concerns affects driver’s performance.  Furthermore, we should encourage psychological training for all drivers because mental training is important in driver’s functioning.  One day soon, I would like to see driving psychology as a new discipline in a psychology field because it is of a great importance to keep our roads safe.

  

¸  The Books Structure

 

Every chapter of this book offers numerous exercises and tests that help the readers to identify their own driving behavior, habits and actions.  The tests used in the book are good way of self-witnessing our own driving performance.  Many of us are not aware that we are actually aggressive drivers that are endangering people around us.  These exercises and tests can help us recognize what type of drivers we really are.  The examples of exercises are checking of items, checklists, observation forms and “yes” or “no” questions.  One of the first checklists I came across while reading first chapter was “Your Road Rage Tendency Checklist.”  I had 8 “yes” answers that indicated that I have moderate road rage habits. 

 

Another exercise I looked at while reading Chapter 8 was “Random Act of Kindness.”  “By performing random act of kindness as drivers you’re helping to usher in the new age of the supportive driving” (Ch. 8, p.178). I read this exercise a couple of weeks ago and I decided to do it.  I have chosen to make a space for all drivers that are trying to get into my lane while driving.  Believe it or not, I am still practicing this act today because it may help other drivers while on the road and at the same time I feel good about it.

 

Both diagrams and tables are used through out the book and they give statistical information or just help us to understand main points discussed.  One of tables I found was on the page 117 and it describes “Levels of Emotional Intelligence.”  The table covers three different emotional intelligence levels, state of feelings, sequence of thoughts and type of actions.  Looking into this table, I found myself fitting in between defensive and supportive driver.

 

End of every chapter has a “Notes” section that includes mini bibliography and cited works of each chapter.  I found that “Notes” being at the end of each chapter is more beneficial then having them all together at the end of the book.  This is easier way of finding additional information that was used to support the author’s writing.  The titles of and inside the chapters are perfect fit for the topics discussed.  They were clear and easy to understand.  They language used in the book was easy to understand and overall structure of the book is very good.  All aspects of book structure mentioned above, made this book enjoyable to read.

 

¹  Critique of the Book

 

 I enjoyed reading this fascinating book because it helps me realize that road rage and aggressive driving are important issues concerning our society, my loved once and myself.  This reading is self-improvement driving manual that can benefit all of us and everyone should have easy access to it.  The most interesting and I believe the most important topic in this book is supportive driving.  Supportive driving was a topic of my presentation and I found it being very essential.  The goal of every driver should be to become a supportive driver.  Supportive driving gives importance to recognizing and accepting diversity of drivers and styles of driving.

 

 Supportive driving includes:

-         a supportive attitude toward other drivers

-         tolerance of pluralism

-         accommodation to diversity

-         shrinking one’s emotional territory

-         transforming frustrating traffic into a community-building opportunity

 

One of the definition of supportive driving is: “Supportive Driving is an accommodating style that emphasized adjusting to the great DIVERSITY of highway users and steering clear of the emotional entrapments of road rage thinking”

 

These are some additional reviews of this book and topic: 

 

http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/409as2002/cupp/bookreview.htm

http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/409as2002/namihira/bookreview.html

http://www.drivers.com/Top_Behavior_Road_Rage.html

http://www.aaafoundation.org/resources/index.cfm?button=roadrage

Additional Observation

 

Furthermore, from this book I learned that I have to become gain better understanding of my emotions that will help my driving and also will help me not to judge and blame other drivers.  I became more familiar with great diversity we face on the roads and I am working on becoming a good supportive driver.  This book offers education and sends out the message that change is needed.  We need to change our behaviors and habits through emotional training. 

 

This book is an outstanding tool that could be of use to every driver, parent and teacher.  It is important to create safe driving environment on our roads and this book offers promising change.

 

 

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