My Emotional Spin Cycle –

The Four Options and the Two Bridges:

Annotated Bibliography

By Philbert

Date: February 22, 2002

The emotional spin cycle is something that we experience everyday. There are three basic steps that happen during the spin cycle. First of all you get a feeling or you feel your emotion. Next, you think about what you are feeling or about the situation. The last step is acting out, a reaction to what you were thinking and feeling. These three basic steps are called the threefold self. These are the steps for your spin cycle. What is a spin cycle? It is how we deal with certain situations that we are put in, in everyday life. There are four options and two bridges to the daily emotional spin cycle. The first option is “negative towards others and the world”. This is when you are feeling rage or arrogance, which in turn emotionally impairs your thinking and then leads to aggressive or destructive behavior. From option 1 there is a bridge, which is called the red bridge that goes over to option 2. Option 2 is “positive about others and the world”. In this option you a feeling a resolve with compassion which in turn leads to emotionally intelligent thinking and then leads to supportive and constructive behavior. Option 3 is “negative about self”. During this option you are feeling depression or inadequacy. This leads to pessimistic or cynical thinking, which then leads to self-destructive behavior. From option 3 is the second bridge that goes from option 3 to option 4 and this bridge is called the blue bridge. Option 4 is positive about self. In here you are feeling enthusiasm and self-confidence, which then leads to optimistic and realistic thinking and then leads to self-enhancing behavior. These four options and two bridges is what make up your emotional spin cycle. Everyone goes through the emotional spin cycle everyday and it’s up to us which option we are going to take and which bridge is going to be crossed.

There are four terms that relate to the project that I am going to do and also to the emotional spin cycle itself.

Cognitive Scripts: Throughout life we learn that there are things that we can do and things that we cannot do. This is kind of what cognitive scripts are. It is a behavior that is controlled by things that we have learned. Not everyone’s cognitive script will be the same.

Behavioral Routines: Everyday, every one of us follows behavioral routines. These routines keep us in check. We don’t realize we are doing these routines because we always do them that they are just second nature to us. Behavioral routines can be either positive or negative and it is up to us which of these routines we want to follow.

Cognitive Appraisal: When a situation comes along, a person tends to look at the situation and see what they can do about it. This is cognitive appraisal. If a situation looks negative, then a person can switch their emotions and feelings to adjust to the situation to help it.

Emotional Intelligence: This is when a person’s looks at his/her emotions as well as other’s around them to make an assessment. After the assessment is made that person can use that to focus on one’s thoughts and actions. Evaluating one’s emotions and other’s also can help a person succeed in life because you can use that information to help guide you on your way.

These four terms above that I have explained will help me in the project that I am going to perform. They relate to my project and also to the emotional spin cycle. This project will involve the emotional spin cycle and me analyzing my own emotional spin cycle. There are going to be two weeks of observations. During week 1 we have to pick out 2 activities that we do on a daily basis. The first half of the week will be dealing with the negative red part of the spin cycle, which is the “negative about others and the world” part. The second half of the week will be dealing with the negative blue part of the spin cycle, which is the “negative about self part. Week 1 will just be an observation week. We will just write down about situations and how we felt and what we were thinking about at the time of the situations. During week 2 is where we will intervene and apply the bridge technique. From this project we will hopefully learn that by using the bridge technique it will make not only us but also the others around us better people. The more positive people there are out there, the better the world may become.

Cognitive Scripts

1. Paternal Practices, Parental Occupation, and Children’s Aggression

a) This article talks about violence and aggression are both learned behaviors. Children can start to learn violence and aggression at a very young age from much number of sources. One of those sources is their parents. Parents have a big influence in a child’s life. If their parenting styles are good then the outcome of their child is more than likely to be positive. The way parents raise their kid is very important. Other factors that can come into play are their socio-economic status and parental occupation.

b) This article has a lot of relevance to the spin cycle. First of all, a person can learn cognitive scripts from when they are young. If they are raised with negative or bad cognitive scripts then that child could grow up to be a negative person and would probably stay towards the negative red or negative blue side of the spin cycle. This is not good.

“Social behavior is controlled to a great extent by cognitive scripts that are stored in a person's memory and are used as guides for behavior and social problem solving. A script suggests what events are to happen in the environment, how the person should behave in response to these events, and what the likely outcome of those behaviors would be. People appraise situations and decide which scripts are appropriate for the situation. Antisocial behavior is largely determined by the cognitive scripts which are retrieved in response to frustrating situations (Berkowitz, 1988; Huesmann, 1988). It seems reasonable to infer that children learn cognitive schemas and scripts of interpersonal relations from parental behavior in parent-child interactions; parental behavior is also an important role model for children's future interactions. “

2. Media Violence, Children and Aggressive Behaviour

a) Children are exposed to a lot of violence in the world. One of the major factors for this is television. Many children get their aggressive behavior because they watch TV and watch violent things on TV and this triggers their aggressiveness. Many other factors contribute to this also. But should violence be banned on television? Aggressive behavior is triggered by violent television shows not only in children but also in adults. There are people in this society with high levels of aggression and anger and they just feed off violent TV shows. Something needs to be done, for our children’s future is at risk.

b) Children are subjective to a lot of things being that they are so young. Since cognitive scripts can be learned at a young age, it is very important that we monitor what our children watch. We need have to teach our children that violence is not a good thing. It is not a part of positive cognitive scripts. Aggressive behavior and violence can lead to a negative emotional spin cycle.

Aggressive Behaviour : Aggressive behaviour is learned very early and it is very stable.

‘There is also the way the material is translated by the child into cognitive scripts about acceptable and unacceptable behaviour, and here parents have a particular influence in the ways that they talk to their children about what they see.”

3. Media Violence: A Demonstrated Public Health Threat To Children

a) This was a very interesting article but it wasn’t at all surprising to me. This article shows that exposure to media violence stimulates aggression. I believe this to be very true. This article concurs. They studied children of all different races, age, social class, and intelligent level. They found that children who are exposed to violence whether it is from TV shows to violence in the media, they all lead to aggressive behavior. Boys who were five to six years of age who watch a lot of violent TV were more likely to do some kind of criminal act when they got older. This is pretty remarkable. Violence on TV plays a big part in our children’s lives. The children watch these shows and think that somehow that these kinds of act are right when it is clearly not. The children don’t know better though. They did another study where they had a group of kids. They exposed only some of the kids to violent TV shows. They put them in a room after to play all together. The researchers who were observing them had no idea before hand which one of the kids were exposed to the violence but after watch them play for a bit they could tell already which one of them were. They said that they could tell because those were the kids who were usually hitting each other and pushing around each other, in other words playing rough. We have to monitor watch our children watch and don’t let be susceptible to this type of violence on TV.

b) As a child learning your cognitive scripts is very important. If you are constantly watch violent TV shows as a child, you will mostly like grow up thinking that violence is ok. Violence is not good for our spin cycle. Violence only causes negativity, which will probably leave you on the negative red or negative blue side of the spin cycle. This is the side that we don’t want to be in. As adults, we have to guide our children in the right direction. We have to teach them that violence is not ok and we have to make sure that our children are not exposed to violence on TV. Violence is not good for our children, for us, and for our emotional spin cycle.

“Children imitate the actions of their parents, other children, and media heroes, especially when the action is rewarded and the child admires and identifies with the model. When generalized, this process creates what are sometimes called cognitive scripts for complex social problem-solving: internalized programs that guide everyday social behavior in an automatic way and are highly resistant to change.”

“The studies are conclusive. The evidence leaves no room for doubt that exposure to media violence stimulates aggression. It is time to move on and consider how best to inoculate our children against this insidious threat.”

4. FACTSHEET: Selected Readings Related To The Issue Of Television Violence

a) I found this site to be very useful. This web site contains pieces of a bunch of articles, books, and studies based on the subject of television violence. This web site only contained a small portion of research done on this topic. All of these articles came to one came to one conclusion. This conclusion is that violence on TV does lead to aggressive behavior and also aggressive tendencies.

b) How can we stop this? I have no idea. How can we regulate what they show on TV? We can’t. When we are young, TV has been a big part of our life. Violence is all over TV. Its on TV shows and now even on commercials also. There is clearly a causal relationship between violence on TV and aggressive behavior. I don’t know if people realize it but TV violence can affect our spin cycle. If we just watch a violent TV show, right after the show we are not feeling all good and positive inside. We feel like we want to fight or do some kind of act just like in the show. Right? Well this is how I feel after watching a violent movie or show. I don’t feel all hospitable. That’s just the way it is and violent TV does this to us and not knowingly, this will lead us to having a negative emotional spin cycle.

"... television violence is one of many risk factors which may contribute to aggressive tendencies and antisocial behaviour. We have clearly found that the violence portrayed on television reflects and shapes unhealthy social attitudes... The Committee has concluded that, although the risk may be small that television violence causes aggressive tendencies and antisocial behaviour in certain individuals and may never be proven conclusively, it cannot be ignored."

"The effect of media violence in individual differences in aggression is primarily the result of a cumulative learning process during childhood. Aggressive scripts for behaviour are acquired from observation of media violence and aggressive behaviour itself stimulates the observation of media violence. The child constantly exposed to violence is more likely to develop and maintain cognitive scripts emphasizing aggressive solutions to social problems".

5. Television Violence: How and Why do the Mass Media Influence People?

a) This web site also talks about the effects of violence on TV. A lot of children who watch violence on TV tend to imitate what they saw. The effects of violent TV on children can be observed immediately. At times, all it takes is one show for a child’s aggressiveness to increase. Studies have shown that children may become immune to the violence. Soon children will use violence as a way to solve problems and to get out of situations. This web site also looked at a couple of research that was done on this topic. On of the studies showed that, “The correlation between violence-viewing at age 8 and how aggressive the individual was at 19 was higher than the correlation between watching violence at 8 and behaving aggressively at age 8.” As I said before, there is a causal relationship between violence on TV and aggressive behavior. But us as adults can help this situation. What we have to do is watch what our children watch. We have to monitor the shows that they watch. If anything, we have to look at the TV rating of the show before our children watch the shows. We may also want to set a time for our children to watch TV so maybe someone can be in the room also watching what they are watching. These are just some ways in which we can decrease exposure of violent TV to our children. It will better our children’s future.

b) Violence on TV can lead to negative cognitive scripts. If a person has negative cognitive scripts that usually will lead to a negative spin cycle. This is not good. If our children and us can just stay away from violence on TV, hopefully it will decrease aggressive behavior and maybe increase positive spin cycles. If we can all have positive spin cycles, then this world will be a better place to live.

“There are several ways in which exposure to media violence leads to aggression. One way is simple imitation or observational learning, in which "cognitive scripts", in other words basic learning models, are, established which later guide everyday social behavior. Exposure to television violence may also activate an existing aggressive thought or feeling.”

“The fourth study showing the effects of television violence conducted was The National Television Violence Study. The study made critical observations about the way violence is presented. According to this survey, 47% of the violent scenes shown resulted in no observable harm to the victim. Alarmingly, only 16% of violent programs contained a message about the long term negative repercussions of violence, and in a whopping 73% of all violent scenes, the perpetrator was not punished at all. Unlike some earlier surveys, comic injuries were, however, not considered violence. In this survey, criminals had to be punished in the same scene as the violent act.”

Behavioral Routines

Understanding Conflict and War: Vol. 1: The Dynamic Psychological Field

a) Behavioral situations, expectations, and trigger events are what this site was all about. This site had four parts to it. The first part was called the situation. In this part, the author gave three related behavioral situations. In the next part, expectations, the author first explained what an expectation was. What it is is the consequences we predict in our behavioral interaction with the situation. It is the consequent effects of our actions. Our expectation will be different depending on the situation. Certain situations will call for different expectations. The next part of the site was called the structure of expectations. In here we choose a role or behavioral pattern. A person’s daily life consists of a variety of behavioral roles and patterns. The last part of this web site is called trigger events. Triggers are events that may disrupt us, move us away from what we were originally doing. With these triggers brings new expectations and now we must see what must do. We have to change our state of mind and focus. “How we behave is a particularization of this dialectic, an aspect of a continuous struggle between our selves, our nature, our reality.”

b) Behavioral routines could play a big role in our emotional spin cycle. We need to develop positive behavioral routines to stay on the right track and to have a positive spin cycle. When a trigger event comes along and I know we have all encountered those, we have to change around our way of thinking and maybe even our behavioral routines to accommodate these triggers. When we change around our behavioral routines we have to make sure that they are not negative routines but are routines that we can follow and that will always lead us in the right direction.

“This forced change in behavior itself can then be the trigger previously discussed: it can serve as an excuse to change related behavioral routines.”

2. Guiding Principle V: Studying and Experiencing the Culture(s) in Which a World Language is Used Are Integral Parts of the World Languages Discipline.

a) World language discipline is about experiencing everything about it. It’s about learning every aspect of a culture. This article shows how language is very important in people’s culture. Along with language comes a person’s culture. A lot can be learned from language. In this article they also brought up a topic about something called “learner at the center”. This is where the student is responsible for his own learning. The teachers help the students along the way. In this environment the student become learners and also teachers. They also bring up a point about world languages connecting with other disciplines. A teacher made a good quote when she said, “Language is not a subject, but a means to learn.” World language allows us to broaden our horizon and open to different things.

b) The emotional spin cycle is all about learning new things. If you have a problem, you can learn from it and then next time that same problem comes up, you will be better prepared. I feel that the emotional spin cycle is a means of learning new things also. You tend not to learn much when you are being negative. The spin cycle teaches you to be positive and if you are a positive person you can open yourself up more and by that be able to learn new things.

“A ninth grader in Anchorage was making remarkable progress in German class. He went from failing two quarters in eighth grade to being one of the best students in his ninth grade class. When Frau Sanders asked him what had made the difference for him, he replied, "That's easy. In your class I can say what I want to say. I'm not forced to talk baby Deutch about stupid things from the textbook.”

"Language is not a subject, but a means to learn,"

3. Research on rats may explain how habits are developed

a) Dr. Ann Graybiel led a team of researches and they wanted to do a study on the changes that take place in the brain of a person that learns a new habit. They did a study on rats. They let the rats run through a maze. As the rats became more familiar to the maze there was more nerve cell response and it seemed to follow a certain pattern. When the rats became really experienced with the maze their brain activity pattern changed. The researchers think the reason is because when new habits are learned, the brain’s nerve cell responses are reorganized. Dr. Graybiel say that with this new information they can help people suffering from certain conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.

b) Behavioral routines are important in the spin cycle. By following a positive

behavioral routine, it could lead to us being better and also more positive people. When the rats followed a certain behavioral routine, it showed positive results. This could be the same for people. By following a certain behavioral routine, it could lead to positive things. By doing things that we are used to doing and by doing things that we like to do could be good for our spin cycle.

“The study results fit in with the idea that the brain uses ''templates,'' or stored behavioral routines, that are triggered by an event and then ``run'' automatically, the researchers say.”

“As the rats became more experienced with the maze, however, the patterns of brain activity changed dramatically. The nerve cells responded mostly to the beginning and end of the maze routine and were much less active in between. “

4. Neural Basis of Implicit Learning and Action Strategies

a) Ann M. Graybiel, Ph.D. is trying to figure out what type of neural process lets us transform behaviors to habits and how do we break the habits once they are formed. She performed two experiments to focus on these questions. The first experiment involved rats and mice and them learning T-mazes. Their findings were positive. They found large-scale and long-lasting changes in the response properties of striatal neurons as the learning process takes place. Her lab also did an experiment on macaque monkeys as they learn motor tasks and then perform them as routines. Again results were very useful for Ann. It can be concluded routines have an effect on a person psychologically.

b) Behavioral routines as an effect on us psychologically. Learning positive behavioral routines can lead to having a positive life style. It is good to obtain positive behavioral routines. We can also learn new behavioral routines. When this happens, we have to remember to not only think about the situation at hand but also our way of life also when learning a new behavioral routine. As in her experiment with the monkeys, the monkeys were learning a new routine but it was for their own good. They weren’t learning something that was going to affect them negatively something that was going to help them and their motor skills. Same as in our lives.

“This type of learning is crucial for maximizing cognitive function. We depend on it to free us to think and to react to new events in the environment. Much evidence suggests that the basal ganglia are centrally involved in this type of learning, variously known as procedural, implicit or habit learning.”

“The lab is interested in identifying the neural plasticity that occurs in these cortico-basal ganglia loops during acquisition, and the neural encoding that mediates subsequent performance of the behavioral routines.”

Cognitive Appraisal

1. Cognitive Laboratory Methods

a) This article talks about the different cognitive methods and the advantages of using these certain methods. The different methods lead to improvement in development, evaluation, and testing of survey instruments and designs. The first type of method that they talk about is cognitive interviewing. This is when they interview different people who can provide valuable information on things like question-answer process, access short-term and long-term memory, and process complex terminology. Researchers can use this information for a whole bunch of other things. The second method they talk about is the cognitive appraisal methods. This method is used to review questionnaires and is used to develop coding schemes for rating survey items. Focus groups produce good quality data and provide different views and opinions of the participants. The researchers use these focus groups because they provide data more quickly and it is less expensive. Having focus groups is more interpersonal and the researchers can get more elaborate answers, in their own words, from the participants.

b) By using cognitive methods, it will put us at an advantage while we are in our

emotional spin cycle. We can use the cognitive methods to evaluate a situation and then try to make the best solution for the situation hopefully it being positive. By evaluating a situation first it can help you not be negative and help you make the right situation under the right state of mind. Instead of just reacting, you can evaluate and think about your next move. As in the article, they evaluate the surveys and they find the best way to make their research better.

“Cognitive Appraisal Methods: RTI staff make extensive use of technical review and appraisal of questionnaires by design experts, and have developed several coding schemes for rating survey items according to their cognitive properties.”

Method

Purposes

Think-aloud procedures

Open-ended information concerning participants' thoughts as they answer survey questions

Probe questions

More detailed information about specific aspects of the question or response that may not be mentioned spontaneously

Paraphrasing tasks

Exploration of question comprehension and interpretation, and identification of vocabulary used by respondents

Sorting and rating tasks

Perceptions of question goals, relations among response options, and latent factors that affect response selection

Vignette sorting tasks

Perceptions of hypothetical vignette situations, relations between different situations, and factors that characterize different situations

Cognitive forms appraisal

Expert review and identification of question features likely to affect comprehension, recall, and response accuracy

Interactional behavior coding

Identification of interviewer and respondent errors based on unobtrusive observation of ongoing interviews

Focus group interviews

Small group discussions for exploring how respondents conceptualize and converse about survey content areas, identifying difficulties understanding and answering draft questionnaire items, and eliciting respondent feedback on draft survey procedures and protocols

Expert appraisal/analysis

Feedback from researchers regarding potentially problematic aspects of the response task, based on systematic expert review procedures

2. School Violence Prevention

a) Reading is very important in our society but what is even more important and that will probably improve reading is language acquisition. What this means is that children have to improve on their vocabulary, expand it more. They also need to watch how they use their words. Hart and Risley developed a program to improve the educational and developmental experiences of children at the Turner House Preschool. They came to the conclusion that early language acquisition starts at the child’s home. Parent’s interaction with their children can make their vocabulary grow. The more the parents interact with their children, the more their language acquisition improves.

b) Cognitive appraisal is very important to children. If they learn how to evaluate a situation when they are young then it will only help them in the future. Parent interaction with their children is very important because parents are very important to their children and have a big impact on their lives. Parent interaction will lead to more positive children and from there it will lead to a more positive spin cycle. If a child has not so good language acquisition it might lead to frustration in the future. Frustration might also lead to a person to have a negative spin cycle.

“Children's early interactions set up an entire general approach to words as symbols for experience....Parent talk defines and labels what children should notice and think about the world, their family, and themselves and suggests how interesting and important various objects, events, and relationships are. Words and sentences, internalized as symbols, become a means for organizing experience and rationalizing and relating it, as well as the basis for logical thinking, problem solving, and self-control. The words and expressions that give utterance and preciseness to talk (and, eventually, writing) to other people also serve when talking to oneself as thinking (pp. 95-100).”

“The double-edged sword of the use of cognitive appraisal is seen when a child neglected by her peers tells herself, "I really don't want to play tag-I want to read." On the positive side, the child decides how to cope rather than reacting reflexively, but if she uses this reasoning repeatedly, she may not spend the time and energy to learn how to make friends (Bland et al.,1994). “

3. Emotion Research: Cognitive and Experimental Psychology

a) A number of researchers have been studying cognitive appraisal theories for some time. Cognitive appraisal plays a big part in emotion research in cognitive psychology. They came up with a thesis for the cognitive appraisal theory. “Emotional responses represent undifferentiated physiological states and cognition is there fore necessary to provide an interpretation which provides the basis for the conscious experience of a particular emotion and can be used by the organism in an adaptive manner to initiate or alter a particular behavior. Both the cognitive part and the appraisal part of this theory are important. You can’t have one without the other. They compliment each other.

b) Cognitive appraisal is an important part of spin cycle. This site breaks down the basis of cognitive appraisal. Both parts of cognitive appraisal are important in the spin cycle. You need both parts to have a positive spin cycle. Cognitive appraisal is one of the thinking mechanisms in the spin cycle. We use cognitive appraisal in our everyday life and knowing how it works can be useful in having a positive spin cycle.

“Cognition is necessary to disambiguate the vague emotional states and cognitive constructs such as perceptions, thoughts, beliefs, and goals are brought to bear on this process.”

“The sequence of events involved in an emotional response is thought to be as follows. A stimulus is detected, causing a state of bodily arousal, which in turn is interpreted by the cognitive apparatus to generate an appraisal, which takes into account the organism's goals, plans, and beliefs.”

4. Workplace Violence: How Can We Know if We’re Safe?

a) Violence in a workplace is something that has become widely spread. Companies are spending lots and lots of money on programs that might help keep workplace violence at a low. Violence in the workplace is something that needs to be understood more deeply. There are many factors that come into play with violence in the workplace. One of those reasons is when business practices put their employees on the defense. If an employee feels that they have been screwed over in some way, this may cause him or her to become violent. Other factors that may come into play is a person’s cognitive appraisal. A person can become aggressive in a situation that is not called for actions like that. It’s all in the way a person interprets a situation. Job stress and personal distress are also factors that could increase workplace violence. Workplace violence is different from other kinds of aggression because most experts say that before a violent act occurs there are usually warning signs or predictive behaviors that happen. Things need to be done to prevent any kind of workplace violence. Companies are training management and executives but are not training regular employees to identify the signals of workplace violence. Why not train everyone? Who knows? But something needs to be done to stop workplace violence because there is no need for violence in a workplace.

b) A person’s cognitive appraisal is very important in workplace violence. This means that if a person has a negative cognitive appraisal, then this may lead to negative things like violence and this also means that you will most likely have a negative emotional spin cycle. By making your cognitive appraisal a positive one, this could hopefully eliminate any thoughts that you have of workplace violence and handle a situation in a positive way instead of blowing up and doing something that you will probably regret later. Cognitive appraisal will set you straight. It will help you see that violence is not the way to go and to hopefully look at the positive side of things and that maybe things will get better.

“Other potential factors include individual characteristics that may make a worker more prone to violence.”

“They emphasize that an "individual's cognitive appraisal" of a situation can create more severe affective reactions and potentially aggressive behaviors in situations that may not call for heightened responses.”

Emotional Intelligence

1. Buckholdt Associates’ Site on Emotional Intelligence

a) This was a really resourceful article. It has everything and anything you would want to know about emotional intelligence. It explains about what emotional intelligence is. There are two types of intelligences. The first one is intrapersonal intelligence. This type of intelligence helps us understand things that we do, things that we think about, and the things that we feel. The other type of intelligence is called interpersonal intelligence. What this is, is the intelligence that helps us understand people, to feel for them, be able to communicate with them, to be able to help them, and to understand the relationship between you and your friend. This site also talks about the history about emotional intelligence. Peter Salovey and John Mayer made up the work emotional intelligence like around ten years ago when they began their research dealing with emotional intelligence things. From there emotional intelligence just grew. It began to have and develop more and different meanings. Now there are many different people that use their emotional intelligence in their everyday life. These people include business owners, professional men and women, and managers. Emotional intelligence can also be used for people to get ahead in life also. People use it as an advantage for them to get ahead. As you can see, emotional intelligence is very important to us. It can help us out in everyday life and can be used in everyday life. If we know how to take advantage of emotional intelligence we would be much better people.

b) Emotional intelligence is very important in our emotional spin cycle. This article clearly shows us that if we use emotional intelligence to our advantage it will take us places. It will also help us to be better people, which in turn will lead us to having a positive emotional spin cycle. Emotional intelligence can help us understand people better and with a better understanding with people comes better communication. Being able to communicate with other people is also very important in our daily spin cycle. We need to be able to communicate with and understand people. The emotional spin cycle is not only about us but also about the others around us.

“This is the intelligence we have that helps us both know and manage ourselves well. It is also the intelligence we have that helps us understand, manage and motivate other people.

Intrapersonal intelligence:

This is the name of the intelligence we have that enables us to make sense of the things we do, the thoughts we have, the feelings we feel - and the relationships between all these things. With it you can learn how to stay in charge of yourself and your emotions. No more counter-productive outbursts or unhelpful emotional withdrawals that leave you misunderstood, furious and unsupported by your staff.

Interpersonal intelligence:

This is the name of the intelligence we have that enables us to tune into other people, to empathise with them, to communicate clearly with them, to inspire and motivate them, to understand the relationship between you both. With it you can inspire other people, develop their trust in you very quickly, create a tam that performs rather than storms, get innovative projects completed to deadlines.”

“There are several strands to the current state of knowledge and development of Emotional Intelligence. It has grown out of the rapid advances in scientific research over the last 20 years on several key subjects such as brain functioning, human intelligence, human performance and neurophysiology.”

2. Emotional Intelligence

a) This site that I found was also a very useful site about emotional intelligence. In this site you are able to purchase books about emotional intelligence and also take couple of test to measure your emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is important to be successful in everyday life says this article. It is a proven fact that emotional intelligence is important for us to be successful in life. Not being able to be at one with our emotional intelligence could cause us some problems.