Report one for Psy 459- final draft.

The Emotional Spin Cycle-

The Four Options and the Two Bridges-

ÊAnnotated Bibliography

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ

By: Wings

2/28/2002

Instructions for Report 1

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ This bibliography is a record of various websites that are helpful in the exploration of the concept of The Daily Emotional Spin Cycle created by Dr. Leon James. The emotional spin cycle refers to the feelings, thoughts and actions that a person experiences on a daily basis.Ê These experiences are constant and of various types.Ê An individual learns how to cope with social interactions in ways that are culturally acceptable. This project seeks to explore the interactions a person has with others and with the self.Ê These interactions will be observed and manipulated to increase the incidence of positive interactions, which will lead to a higher quality of life. The goal will be to document specific times when our feelings, thoughts and actions are negative and to consciously attempt to change them.

The Three-Fold Self and

The Emotional Spin Cycle

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ The "self" can be divided into three distinctive domains. Each domain represents a unique form of being. Each domain is able to influence the other domains. Dr. Leon James has presented this concept. Dr. James has labeled these three parts- the "threefold self". The domains are;

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ Emotions/affective

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ Mental/cognitive

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ Actions/sensorimotor

Each person interacts with the self and with the world in each of these domains.Ê The way a person reacts to a stimulus in one of the domains affects the other domains. Our reactions on the level of self are reflected in the corresponding domain in the others/world category. Our responses can be categorized as either positive or negative in each of the domains. Too many people react to a stimulus or to themselves in a negative manner. These negative reactions have adverse effects on our relationships with others as well as lowering an individual's self-esteem. Constant negative reactions also increase stress, which has an adverse affect on physical health.

Dr. James has proposed that to change negative reactions to positive reactions, a person should make a conscious effort to "cross a bridge" by evaluating and changing his thoughts. Dr. James has created a diagram to illustrate the emotional spin cycle and how it relates to the three-fold self. The following diagram depicts the four optionsÊ

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ ÊÊ

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ This diagram serves as a visual representation of the three-fold self.Ê The diagram provides examples of the way that each distinct part of the self is able to participate in the self's interactions with itself and with the world.Ê These interactions can be positive or negative.Ê The four options represent the overall direction and the "tone" of the interaction that the three-fold self is experiencing.Ê These options apply to all of the interactions that the self encounters.Ê An example of the role the options play is as follows;

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Lisa has always wanted to participate in the school musical, and she refuses to be a part of the chorus.Ê Lisa feels she does not sing the right notes, all of the time. Lisa is afraid to tryout for the school musical.Ê Despite the fact that she practiced the song at home, she is nervous and does a bad job.Ê Since she did not succeed the first time she convinces herself that she will never be able to land a lead role in a musical.

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ This story shows Lisa reacting with herself in a negative manner.Ê But an important point to note about Lisa is that she chose to react in the way that she did and remained in the negative towards self-mode.Ê The options are choices that the self makes when relating to itself and others.Ê This is the reason that the spin cycle and the options diagram are relevant to most people in today's world.Ê The fact that we choose our reactions leaves the possibility of choosing reactions that are positive, not negative.Ê We can learn to change our negative thinking by crossing over to the positive thinking which will affect our feelings and actions.Ê Many of us are slaves to the negative options because we are constantly bombarded with reasons for doubting ourselves and for not trusting those around us.Ê

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ The design of ÊReport 1 allows for an exploration of the spin cycle and for locating links to websites that deal with the spin cycle in unique ways.Ê Report 2 is an opportunity to put the concept to work in my life, monitoring my interactions with myself and others, and trying to change my typical response patterns. Finally, I will examine the spin cycle as it is manifested in the media.

Bibliography Terms

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ The concept of The Emotional Spin Cycle is a straightforward approach to self-improvement. The concept has evolved from the ideas of psychology that attempt to explain behavior and how behavior is affected by sociological factors.Ê The following is a list of terms that further explain the way that humans interact and the underlying factors that determine behavior.Ê Each concept has been defined and various websites have been listed to provide a path towards information concerning the terms and how each can be applied to real life situations.Ê Following the initial definition section, I will explain how each concept is relevant to the exploration of the Daily Emotional Spin Cycle.

TERMS

Cognitive scripts/ schema

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ Cognitive scripts are a result of social learning. A cognitive script represents the organization of knowledge of a particular concept or situation. The "script" contains the features or attributes which a person associates to a particular stimulus. Interaction between humans' leads to normalized behaviors- our reactions to various stimuli are not as varied as we are lead to believe.Ê For example, when a person enters the bank and there is a long line of people who are waiting for a teller, the newcomer will always take up his place at the end of the line.Ê This is a learned behavior and is a result of the cognitive script which that person has enculturated concerning going to the bank.

Cognitive scripts are the blueprints that a person has to aid in the evaluation of situations. When a person understands that many of his reactions are determined due to the cognitive script that he has for that particular situation, then the person can evaluate his response and attempt to change into a positive one by altering his perception of the situation, this facilitates the idea of change which is demonstrated in the spin cycle.

Websites;

Cognitive Models of Aggression

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ -This website provides information concerning aggression and the reason why some people are more aggressive than others. This discussion of the role that cognitive scripts play in aggression is from the website;

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Cognitive scripts÷Rowell Huesmann (1988)

• Behavior is controlled through cognitive scripts that we have learned and memorized
• Scripts list what should happen, how the person should respond, what the outcome is likely to be
• Each script is different and unique to each person
• Scripts are resistant to change
• The individual ãevaluationä of the appropriateness of a script helps to determine which scripts are stored and used
• Evaluation includes confidence that the person has in predicting the outcomes of the script, the extent that the person thinks he can execute the script, and extent that script is congruent with the personâs internal standards

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Ê

Appraisal of Emotions

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ -This website shows how emotions are classified and categorized. There are references to theories from the past. This sample from the website shows how anger has been defined and the source of anger.

Website sample;

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Other investigators have presented evidence that "anger"; "guilt", etc are represented in terms of prototypes rather than fixed classical definitions. These prototypes are thought to have internal temporal structure and so may be specified as cognitive scripts. For example, Shaver and colleagues (1987) analysed respondents' descriptions of emotions and concluded that they typically contained at least three sequential stages: First there was an antecedent (e.g., appraisal of an emotional event), second there were emotional responses (e.g., physical reactions, feelings etc.), and third, there were self-control procedures (i.e., attempts to regulate the emotion).

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Behavioral Routines

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ These are an individuals normal actions during the day, or in unique situations. Behavioral routines are developed throughout life and reflect a person's perspective as to what his proper position is in his world.

Behavioral routines are the norms of behavior that people learn as they mature in a society. An individual's routines are determined by cultural influences and can be a place to examine whenever a person is looking to change behavior, as is intended when applying the blue or red bridge in the emotional spin cycle.

Websites;

Behavioral routines study

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ This website was created to provide the notes from a symposium on anthology and culture. It offers several points of view on the subject of culture. The differences between the way that humans and animals socialize is a key point from the following excerpt from the website,

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An evolutionary view is central to Kathleen Gibson's work as described in the Cultural Innovation and Invention session. Culture for Gibson is unique to humans, but with significant evolutionary continuity in some of its components. Many mammals have social customs, defined as socially transmitted patterns that can lead to behavioral differences across populations. Only humans (and possibly chimpanzees, Gibson notes, in a nod to Boesch) have symbolic systems that incorporate both behavior and belief. This innovation is made possible, according to Gibson, by humans' hierarchical mental constructional skills. That is, humans have evolved the ability to mentally take apart and recombine concepts, thus allowing creation of customs and symbolic culture

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Behavioral routines, cultural

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ This website is an overview of cultural differences and how these differences affect the methods used to teach elementary school children. The different cultural backgrounds of children result in the manifestation of diverse behavioral routines.

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A study of the cooperative vs. competitive behavior of Anglo, Black, Mexican American, and Mexican elementary school students (Madsen and Shapira 1970) shows the Anglos and Blacks most competitive, with Mexican Americans somewhat less but still much more so than the Mexicans. This may well be an urban/rural difference instead of an ethnic one; however, since the Mexican group was rural and only about twenty percent of the Mexican Americans in the Southwest still live in rural areas. It may also be a social class difference, since Wasserman (1971) reports more cooperative behavior among 'blue-collar children'--whether Mexican American, Black, or Anglo. Another study by Kagan and Madsen (1971) included four and five year old children and showed no differences at all at that age. Only three percent of the moves of each group in the test rated 'competitive', and no group behavioral differences appeared along this dimension until age seven to nine. Yet another study (Del Campo 1970) finds that Mexican American children score higher on competitive values than do Anglos.

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Cognitive Appraisal

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ Cognitive appraisal refers to the thought process that an individual uses to assess a situation. An individual's reaction to a stimulus results from that individual's unique appraisal of the stimulus. Cognitive appraisal is a key ingredient in the quest to modify behavior. Studies have shown that a person's reaction to stressful stimuli is greatly dependent on the perception of the stimuli, and if the person feels that he is able to somehow control the stimuli, then his stress is less than if he feels he is unable to control the stimuli.

Cognitive appraisal is relevant to our discussion because it is the actual act of "sizing up" a situation in the process of evaluating a potential response.

Websites;

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ Emotion: Appraisal, Activation, and Expression

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ This website discusses the concept of emotion and labels for emotions and the degrees of meaning which results from a different perspective about a state of affect. This sample shows the general direction of the discussion;

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Other investigators have presented evidence that "anger", "guilt", etc are represented in terms of prototypes rather than fixed classical definitions. These prototypes are thought to have internal temporal structure and so may be specified as cognitive scripts. For example, Shaver and colleagues (1987) analysed respondents' descriptions of emotions and concluded that they typically contained at least three sequential stages: First there was an antecedent (e.g., appraisal of an emotional event), second there were emotional responses (e.g., physical reactions, feelings etc.), and third, there were self-control procedures (i.e., attempts to regulate the emotion).

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Cognitive Appraisal

his website explores the way that advertisers manipulate the consumer, and how the cognitive appraisal mechanisms are affected by advertising. It includes a comparison between the Mainland China and Hong Kong.

Control through Cognitive Appraisal

Emotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence is the ability to relate to others and to control the initial emotional reaction to a stimulus, especially if that reaction is negative. It also includes the ability to relate to the feelings, or circumstances of those around you.Ê This is an important characteristic for an effective supervisor or manager.

Emotional intelligence is integral in creating positive interactions between the self and others. It relates to the spin cycle because as a person changes from hastily choosing negative options into utilizing positive options the process will naturally include emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence allows a person to be in control of her emotions, and to be aware of the emotions of others

Websites;

ÊEmotional intelligence-Daniel Goldman

This is an informative website, which defines emotional intelligence, and explains how emotional intelligence is an important quality in management.

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Exactly what is Emotional Intelligence? The term encompasses the following five characteristics and abilities:

1. Self-awareness--knowing your emotions, recognizing feelings as they occur, and discriminating between them

2. Mood management--handling feelings so they're relevant to the current situation and you react appropriately

3. Self-motivation--"gathering up" your feelings and directing yourself towards a goal, despite self-doubt, inertia, and impulsiveness

4. Empathy--recognizing feelings in others and tuning into their verbal and nonverbal cues

5. Managing relationships--handling interpersonal interaction, conflict resolution, and negotiations

Why Do We Need Emotional Intelligence?
Research in brain-based learning suggests that emotional health is fundamental to effective learning. According to a report from the National Center for Clinical Infant Programs, the most critical element for a student's success in school is an understanding of how to learn. (Emotional Intelligence, p. 193.) The key ingredients for this understanding are:

Confidence
Curiosity
Internationality
Self-control
Relatedness
Capacity to communicate
Ability to cooperate

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Emotional intelligence- politics

This website discusses leadership ability and ways to develop a good relationship with others.

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ð Relationship Management

á Improve communication skills and work relationships significantly for more creativity, teamwork, and productivity.

á Business and professional partners build more trust, openness and synergy, a more potent partnership for building the business.

á Appreciating differences and capitalizing on diversity so that differences are building blocks, not stumbling blocks

á Resolving conflicts and developing outstanding teams

á Executives, business owners, and professionals create more balance in their lives and harmony with their spouses plus more creative energy for work.

á Family members and couples who work together improve their work effectiveness and home relationships through improved communication skills and emotional intelligence.

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Emotional intelligence- leadership

This website also deals with leadership, with an emphasis on management.

Emotional intelligence-motivation

This website discusses emotional intelligence as a tool to motivate yourself and those around you.

How Are These Terms Relevant To Our Exploration Of The Emotional Spin Cycle?

These terms are relevant to the emotional spin cycle because they are important parts of the ability to access and to change behavior.

Bibliography

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ 1. Week Four Slides, Aggression and Violence. January 23 &25, 2001.

http://duke.usask.ca/~kal224/week4.html

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ 2. PY3085A Emotion: Appraisal, Activation, Expression. Session 11: Representing Emotions.

http://www.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstbbp/emotlec7.htm

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ 3. The Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc. International Symposium #127.Ê Culture and Cultural: New Tasks for an Old Concept. Richard Fox, Sydell Silverman and Barbara King. Hotel Villa Montana, Morelio, Mexico. September 8-15, 2000.

http://www.wennergren.org/Symp127.htm

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ 4.Mindwise. Dr. Cynthia Davis, Ph.D. Melbourne, Victoria, 2001.

http://www.mindwise.com.au/

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ 5. Applications of Cultural Information in Instruction, Curriculum, and Evaluation. NCBE.

http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/ncbepubs/classics/culture/applications.htm

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ 6.Control through cognitive appraisal.71st annual meeting.

http://www.ssc.msu.edu/~mpa/meeting/prog99.html

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ 7.Emotional Intelligence- Daniel Goleman. Funderstanding, The Coolest Kid's Sight; The Hottest Kid's Insight. 1998-2001

http://www.funderstanding.com/cfm

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ 8.Executive Coaching Results for Leaders and Professionals. Eagle Alliance, Durnham, N.C.

http://www.eaglealliance.com/coaching results.htm

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