Customizing My Emotional Spin Cycle:

Data Collection and Analysis

Date: April 22, 2002

By Wings

Dr. Leon James, Instructor

Instructions for this Report

 

 

Introduction

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ This is the second of two reports that focus on the Daily

 

Emotional Spin Cycle created by Dr. Leon James.Κ The spin cycle is a

 

model of the way that a person relates to the self and to others on a daily

 

basis. This model divides the self into three distinct parts and refers to

 

the self as the "three-fold" self. Report one has a chart of the Spin Cycle

 

that illustrates the three-fold self and the four options which the self has to choose from while relating to itself and to the world. Report One introduces the reader to four concepts which are relevant to the "Emotional Spin Cycle".Κ These concepts are:

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ "cognitive scripts"

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ "behavioral routines"

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ "cognitive appraisal"

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ "emotional intelligence"

Besides defining these terms, report one also contains summaries of websites which relate to each term complete with a hyperlink to each site.ΚΚΚ I recommend that you read Report 1, you can get there by clicking on the following link;

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ Report 1ΚΚ

 

ΚΚΚΚΚ

The bibliography highlights several trends in today's society.

 

People have a natural tendency to focus on their immediate desires and

 

Κreact in a negative way to anything or anyone who appears to

 

Get in the way of their goals.Κ When a person feels like they have not

 

been able to live up to a perceived standard, that person begins to

 

treat themselves and others in a negative manner. This leads to discontentΚ

 

and social unrest.

 

ΚThe idea of having a dream and living up to this dream is very

Κ

Much a part of the socialization process which begins when children are

 

very young. We can all remember being asked when we were children, "What do

 

you want to be when you grow up?" In elementary school, kids draw pictures

 

Κof their chosen adult occupation, at a time when they are barely able to

 

read. This focus on accomplishment is part of a message sent to youth that

 

says that they should do well in school so that they can go to college. The

 

idea is to make these children into adults that make positive contributions

 

to society.

 

Too little attention is given to the many ways in which a

 

person can

 

contribute to society that are not based on money- such as, being a

 

caring person and taking part in the political process.Κ Interpersonal

 

relations are affected when a culture places too much emphasis on

 

money as a indication of success.Κ Wealth is a door opener in the political

 

world and in the world of high society. Most people want to feel included

 

and when one feels like an outsider, one looks at the self and the world

 

in a negative way.

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The "Emotional Spin Cycle", created by Dr. Leon James,

 

illustrates how a person's thoughts and feelings affect that person's life

 

as well as the lives of those who interact with that person on a daily

 

basis. We are aware of serious negative confrontations because the news

 

covers them on a daily basis. Besides the media, we are also exposed to

 

negative behavior in the home. Whenever children see their parents

 

react in negative ways to a stressful situations, the children learn to

 

behave in the same way, they model that behavior.Κ The world of

 

entertainment is bursting with examples of negative actions, which are

 

presented as the normal way to behave.Κ For example, comedians joke about

 

their reaction to a driver who is driving slowly in front of them. The

 

confrontation is negative in nature, and the comedian insults the driver

 

for having the nerve to impose on his ability to drive fast.

 

Κ This lack of politeness has made it seemΚ unusual to be

 

polite and patient, instead, rudeness and impatience seem to be the norm.

 

Κ

 

With the media coverage of the rich and powerful, there

 

is an increase in comparing oneself to others and feeling that financial

 

success is the only road to happiness. This has led many to develop a

 

negative self image because they feel inadequate. As far as the future is

 

concerned, the prospects do not look good, as children become more

 

materialistic as each year passes. If adults are able to recognize this

 

trend and work to teach children to have a [positive self image and to help

 

others by volunteering, children can be shown that money is not the only

 

route to happiness.Κ

 

At this point in time, the most important thing to do is to try

 

to spread the idea that introspection is an important part of self

 

understanding. Many times people do not know how to be

 

honest with themselves, but the concept of the Emotional Spin Cycle is

 

a tool which people could use to begin to live happier lives.

 

 

 

"THE THREE-FOLD SELF"

 

 

ΚΚΚΚΚ ΚΚ The "threefold-self" represents the part of the self which is

 

not material in nature. The threefold-self is the cognitive, affective and

 

motor parts of a person and are commonly referred to as the thinking,

 

feeling and actions of a person. The feeling/affective part of the self

 

is frequently misunderstood and ignored and because we are taught to

 

ignore our feelings, this is the most elusive part of the self.Κ Often, we

 

confuse the feeling with the thinking part of the self. We try to pay

 

attention to our thoughts and actions, denying the feelings which have

 

an important role in our behavior. Whenever we wish to change from the

 

negative to the positive option, the easiest place to work from is

 

the part of the three-fold self which is thinking.Κ If we are successful

 

in changing our patterns of thinking, than our feelings and actions will

 

reflect this change.Κ

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ

ΚΚΚΚΚ Previously, I did not consider the self as a three-tiered entity,

 

but I did try to pay attention to my thoughts. I had read a book by

 

Dr. Joseph Murphy called The Power of Your Subconsciuos Mind, which

 

stresses the importance of our underlying thought patterns in the

 

formation of our realities. Dr. Murphy postulates that if a person is

 

able to change his or her core beliefs, then that person will see a

 

different reality in his or her life.Κ I found that stategy to be

 

limited when I needed an answer about things that I did which were easy

 

to excuse as just being "the way that I am".Κ For example, going late

 

to work.Κ I used to be unable to find an answer to this problem when

 

I searched my thoughts. I gave up and tried to blame my tardiness

 

Κon someone else, like my parents or my boss. I realized that I was

 

responsible for my lateness, but it was easier

 

than trying to figure out the real cause of my lateness.Κ I may have a

 

found the reason for my tardiness, I will discuss that later in my report.

 

"THE THREE-FOLD SELF AND THE WORLD"

 

 

ΚΚΚΚΚ The three-fold self fits what I know about myself and

 

others because I have known people who try to deny that their actions are

 

influenced by their feelings.Κ

ΚΚΚΚΚ

ΚΚΚΚΚ The three-fold self fits psychology because it attempts

 

to make a connection between the feeling part of a person and the actions

 

of the person. Psychology has always looked for the underlying causes for

 

the way that people behave as they do. It also fits psychology because it

 

shows the self as a dynamic, unique entity, and allows for the differences

 

which exist between individuals in our society.

 

DATA COLLECTION

 

 

To collect my data I used a recorder while I was driving and spoke

 

out loud while driving.Κ Before I left my parking space I noted my feelings

 

thoughts.Κ Then as I drove away I noted my actions and any thoughts that I

 

had as I drove. I commented on the traffic, the weather and whether or not

 

I had gas in my tank.Κ I made a point to examine my feelings every 3-4

 

minutes (or more if possible) so that I had at least two references to

 

my feelings as I drove. During the second week, I focused on my thinking,

 

and I continued recording my feelings and actions like the first week.Κ

 

I would try to change my negative thoughts to positive.Κ For the data

 

which involved negative towards self, I began by writing down my actions,

 

thoughts and feelings while I got dressed in the morning. I would pay

 

attention to my feelings just before I got dressed and there were a couple

 

of instances when I recorded thoughts an hour before I got ready, which

 

were relevant to getting dressed that day. After two days of writing

 

everything down, I started to use the recorder so that my hands would be

 

free. On the second week I tried to intervene and examine my thoughts

 

whenever they were negative, even when I decided that I did not feel

 

like wearing a specific outfit.Κ Choosing an outfit was easier on the days

 

I had to work, because I have a uniform, but I still found ways to delay

 

the process.

Her is an example of my records;

feeling

As I get into the car, I am happy that I am leaving early.

I am calm

No traffic, so no pressure

Calm and relieved

 

 

 

 

 

thinking

"way to go!!It is about time that you leave early

"let's change the radio

It is so nice when there is no traffic

Here I am!1 won't they be surprised to see me arriving early!!

 

 

 

 

 

actions

Pull out, and proceed

Change the radio station

Drive wiithout trying to beat every traffic light

Park the car, and go inside

 

 

 

 

 

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ To see all records

 

 

BASELINE INTERVENTION

 

 

ΚΚΚΚΚ The baseline- intervention is a technique used whenever the goal isΚΚ

 

to change a pattern of behavior.Κ By monitoring patterns of behavior, weΚΚ

 

are able to identify the typical negative options that we choose and

 

during the intervention week it becomes easier for a person to anticipate,

 

and change the negative variable to see if it affects the other variables.

 

For the purpose of this report, the variable which is manipulated is

 

the thinking which is changed in an attempt to change actions and feelings.

 

The expected result is that thinking will affect actions much sooner than

 

it will affect feelings.Κ Changing core beliefs, or feelings, takes more

 

than one try. A person may believe that feelings have changed, when

 

only thoughts have changed.Κ The bridge technique is the attempt to

 

change from the negative to the positive option through changing a person's

 

thinking.Κ By crossing over at the thinking level, a person becomes

 

aware of the choice which is made whenever actions, feelings and thoughts

 

are involved. I was not aware of this technique before.

 

THE "DAILY EMOTIONAL SPIN CYCLE"

 

ΚΚΚΚΚ Κ The Daily Emotional Spin Cycle is a model of the way in which

 

the threefold self interacts with the world and with itself.Κ The self

 

interacts with itself because the way that a person feels, directly

 

affects that person's thoughts and actions. The self chooses to act in

 

either a positive or a negative way.Κ These options fall in either the

 

relation to the world or to the self.Κ

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The word "spin" is a perfect illustration of the reality of

 

the nature of a person's emotions throughout the day. Our emotional

 

state changes constantly throughout the day and these changes are the

 

result of the way we feel about, think about, and react to situations which

 

we encounter during the day.Κ The term "cycle" illustrates the way that

 

a person's personal reality is directly reflected in the reality of

 

that person's interactions with others.Κ Our personalities have an effect

 

on the amount of resistance we have for stress and whether we act

 

before we think. People develop patterns of thinking or acting that become

 

"habits".Κ The term habit indicates an action which is so frequently done

 

that it becomes like "second nature". Because we see these as being

 

"habits" we do not realize that we make the choice to think, act or feel

 

the way that we do each time that we choose a particular thought, action,

 

or feeling. We have the choice of being miserable or happy, and

 

we do not see that we are able to change from negative to positive by

 

changing our habits.

ΚΚΚΚΚ

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ There are some gender differences in the spin cycle in terms

 

of ease of application.Κ Females tend to be able to recognize their feeling

 

easier than men do, but may have a harder time controlling their feelings.

 

Most of the differences in actions are caused by the behavior differences

 

that are enculturated for the two genders.Κ Boys are taught to be

 

aqggressive, while girls are taught to be modest. The aggressive qualities

 

areΚ useful while attempting to change, and the modesty of females can

 

Κremove the pride which could have allowed a person to deny that change is

 

needed. The ability to use the concept of the Emotional Spin Cycle to

 

change, will depend on the individual's desire to change. The unique

 

qualities that each gender has, will give each an equal chance for success.

 

Κ

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ Daily Rating Scales

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ On the days that I did baseline observations and on the days that I intervened, I used a seven question suvey to evaluate my general level of stress at the end of each day. Just before I went to sleep, I would reflect on my day, I rating my level of satisfaction, dissatisfaction, my coping, my hope for the future, and my overall mood for that day. These scales are useful for causing oneself to reflect on the day.Κ My answers provide insight about any changes which may have ocurred

During the intervention week.Κ Any changes could indicate that by using

the "bridge technique" I was able to improve my overall sense of well being.

These are the questions which I answered at the end of each day:

ΚΚΚΚΚ Give each a rating using these nubers as a guide

ΚΚΚΚΚ 1= very weak; 10= extreme

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ ____ 1) What was my overall stress point

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ ____ 2) My overall level of satisfaction with myself

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ ____ 3) My overall level of dissatisfaction with others

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ ____ 4) My overall level of effectiveness or productivity

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ ____ 5) My overall level of coping successfully with my feeling

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ ____ 6) My current level of hope for the future

____ 7) What was the worst level of negativity or selfishness of some other people around youΚ

ΚΚΚΚΚ Here is an example of global ratings which I took during the

intervention week:

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ 1) 8

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ 2) 7

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ 3) 1

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ 4) 7

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ 5) 7

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ 6) 8

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ 7) 6

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ Theses ratings are from

 

I found that by rating myself, I could see whether or not the changes that

 

I had made during the intervention week had a lasting effect on my mood.

 

The ratings allow for a comparison between the first and second week.

 

My ratings revealed that during the first week I had a couple of days which

 

were not the greatest in terms of my outlook for the future, but I would

 

be in a pretty good mood anyway. This suggests that I am pretty good at

 

denying my feelings and allowing for my negative feelings to continue.

 

During the second week, I had one day of frustration at the start of the

 

week, but as I applied the intervention, I found that I was more satisfied,

 

and encouraged at the end of the day.Κ I did have one bad day at the end of

 

the week, and this was reflected in dissatisfaction, but not in a lack

 

of hope for the future.ΚΚΚΚΚ ΚΚΚΚΚΚ

 

 

 

Crossing from Negative to Positive

ΚΚΚΚΚ

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The first week of observations served as the baseline of the

project.Κ The second week was the intervention week. For both of the weeks, I did two different activities- one which was an interaction between myself and the world, and the other was an activity which I did alone. For both of the weeks I repeated the same actoivity and took records of my thoughts, feelings, and actions. During the second week, I tried to change the dynamic of the activity by changing my thinking. The first week serves as a guide, alerting myself to possible moments of negative thinking. For example, while I was driving, if I found myself becoming anxious about the cars in front of me, I would note this anxiety and talk myself through it without becoming irate about the drivers of those cars.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ This technique is designed to allow a person to change the negative feelings and actions which are experienced daily, into positive feelings and actions.Κ This is done by focusing on negative thoughts and turning them into positive ones.Κ Focusing on thinking allows a person to change the actions that that person chooses and to change feelings, as well.### If it is possible to change negative feelings to positive ones, then the negative thoughts will be gone permanently.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ When I applied this technique, it was effective in my activity which involved negative interactions with myself, which was getting dressed before leaving for school or work. While I was driving its effectiveness

varied. I think that the reason for the differences while driving was whether or not I left for work on time.Κ I had a hard time controlling my thoughts when I was late for work.Κ On one of the days during the second week I left early, so I did not have as much anxiety as the other days. While getting dressed in the morning, I was delayed by choosing an outfit to wear to school.Κ During the second week I gave myself a little extra time so that I could concentrate on applying the bridge technique.Κ This extra time helped to reduce my anxiety. On the days that I had to work, I found it easier to choose what I was going to wear, but I had to work on allowing enough time so that I could leaveΚ my house earlier.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ While I was driving, I would sometimes forget to say my thoughts out loud when they were negative.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ On Monday, when I was getting ready for work, I started to worry whether or not I had any bills to send out.Κ This was forty- five minutes before I was supposed to be at work, and I had to apply the bridge technique to change this thinking which would delay my leaving for work.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The resistance that I had while driving, I feel is due to the nature of driving, itself.Κ Whenever a person is driving, the scene is constantly changing and the senses are on full alert.Κ This increased awareness causes a heightened response which is quick acting and not always rational. I am not confrontational while driving, but I do swear while I drive.Κ This could be due to the fact that while I am in my car I am isolated from everybody, so nobody can hear me.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The resistance that I experienced while getting dressed is of two types, depending on what I am doing that day.Κ The type of resistance is either "pre-work" or Pre-school resistance."Pre-work" resistance is a delay brought about by my sudden discovery of a task that I had to do.

I seem to have this idea that I have better things to do besides going to work.Κ I like my job, I am the manager, but I feel unchallenged at times.Κ This negative feeling is the underlying cause of my delay.Κ Whenever it gets too much control, I am late for work, which shows my arrogance towards the job and myself.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The "pre-school resistance that I felt while getting dressed, occured on days that I was going to school.Κ This resistance if founded in the need to be attractive.Κ When I was younger, I was extremely vain, and I always thought about my appearance.Κ I have grown out of that vanity but sometimes it comes back.Κ I know that it is important to consider your appearance, but since I am older than the other students, I occasionally obsess over my clothes.Κ I also have gained weight since the first time I went to college, and this fact crept in and clouded my mind while I was getting dressed.Κ During the intervention week I focused on my negative thoughts, instead of trying to ignore them, as I had previously done without success.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ If I were to teach this to a friend or family member I would try to have them understand the concept first, and then give an example of a time when the bridge technique worked for me. Next, I would ask them to think of a time when they have responded negatively to a trivial situation.Κ Then, I would ask them to focus on their thinking and emphasize the false negative idea that they held.Κ Hopefully, that person would be able to see how easy it would have been to change their thinking, which would have changed their actions as well.

SUCCESS

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The concept of "The Emotional Spin Cycle" is a complex system which can be used to change thought patterns. The four options diagram is a visual aid which serves as a map of the options that the three-fold self ha to chose from.Κ The complexity is in the application of the concept to personal situations- which are sometimes easier to ignore than to confront. Success starts with an open mind and is facilitated by an ability to recognize personal misgivings and a desire to improve the self.

HAPPINESS AND PERFECTION?

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ This technique is not to be used to become perfect because humans are not perfect creatures. But the technique is useful if the goal is contentment.Κ People who do not succeed with this technique are most likely not ready to be totally honest with themselves.

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The Emotional Spin Cycle concept is limited somewhat by the fact that humans are creatures that think too much.Κ The competitive nature of survival contributes to the tendency that humans have for comparing themselves to others.

 

 

DISCUSSION

 

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ From this project, I have learned that the three-fold self is truly a part of myself.Κ I have learned that my negative thoughts should not be ignored because they are a result of negative feelings.Κ These feelings result from the expectastions which I had for my life and the despair that I have feolt at not reaching these expectations.Κ I have learned that to be able to attempt to change my life, I need to let go of the past and proceed. I have previously dealt with my negative thoughts by denying them, but this method allows the negative feelings to remain and to continue to influence my life in a negative manner.Κ I learned to challenge the negative thoughts to expose the negative feelings which lay beneath the surface.Κ I have observed my negative thoughts causing me to behave in a negative way.

 

MECHANICS

 

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The vocabulary of the "four option diagram" helped me to identify the feelings that underlie my thoughts and actions.Κ When I first looked at the diagram, I was put off by the term- arrogance.Κ I wondered how that term could ever be a part of myself, as I see myself as a modest person. I am the first to admit whenever I am wrong. But I would come to understand how arrogance plays a role in my life. I was washing dishes with Oprah in the background. Dr. Phil was on that day dealing with various problems that people in the audience were asking about. I started to pay attention when Dr Phil began to discuss the unrelenting tardiness of a man who was in the audience.Κ I zeroed in on Dr. Phil when he said that the guy was arrogent and this caused him to be late alkl the time.Κ How could this be? I am late for work a lot, but I am not arrogant!!!Κ So that week in class we discussed the role that arrogance plays in making a person late, and I began to look at the issue differently. I realized that if lateness is a sign of arrogamnce, I could see myself in the reflection of this arrogance towards myself, a self-critical person. I realized that arrogance turned inward is reflected as negative feelings about the self. I am frequently have negative thoughts concerning myself andΚ the fact that I did not finish college the first time around. The spin cycle illustrates how negative feelings towards the self are reflected as the same feeling towards others and the world, as well as negative feelings towards others and the world are reflectedas negative feelings towards myself. So, my lateness can be connected to arrogance!!

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ How exactly is arrogance towards others the same as negative feelings towards ourselves?Κ Let me explain; whenever we are negative towards others; we see them as being less than ourselves.Κ When arrogance is turned inward we see the self as being less than "ideal self" or as not "good enough".Κ This realization has allowed me to examine the negative effect of arrogance on several areas of my life.Κ I see that paying bills late, or returning library books after their due dates, is a manisfestation of my negative feelings towards myself- reflected as arrogance towards others. Now that I know the dynamic relattion between my fellings, thoughts and actions, I believe that I can free myself from negative feelings which have held me back thus far.

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The examples of positive blue feeling, acting and thinking were

helpful to me because I used them to chsang emy view of various situations throughout the day.

 

 

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

 

I have discovered that I am not afraid to address my negative thoughts and that I am strong enough to soucceed at eliminating my negative feelings. I have been fighting these negative feelings for quite awhile, and I have not allowed them to take over.Κ The weakness lies in the method that I was using to overcome these feelings.Κ By seeing myself as the three-fold self, I am able to focus on the areas which need to be changed.

 

 

WHAT ABOUT EVERYBODY ELSE?

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ I feel this technique would benefit teenagers because they may have an easier time identifying their feelings because they are so close to

the surface during adolescence. Teens are trying to understand themselves, so they may be more open to introspection than adults are.Κ This technique could also bvbenefit teens, by showing them that happiness does not come from success itself, but from accepting oneself.Κ Adults who try this technique will have to be able to examine thaemselves.Κ A person who is stubborn will not be able to use this technique.Κ

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ The general public could grasp concept of the "Spin zCycle", but may not be successful in its application to their personal lives. The major requirement of this concep is time, and the idea itself is easy to confuse with a simpler tactic.Κ If the technique was changed to make it more accessible to the general public, it would lose some of its effectiveness.Κ

WORK AND SCHOOLS

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ In the workplace, the "Spin Cycle" could be taught to improve employee cooperation.Κ Leaders could also benefit from the technique.Κ

By using the red bridge, work force productivity can be improved in all industries. In schools, it should be taught to teens as a way to help them to understand themselves. This concept could have a positive influence on their futures.

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ G-15

ΚΚΚΚΚ I felt that the G-15 reports were informative and provided useful examples for me to use as a guideline.

 

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ WORKS CITED

 

ΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚΚ Murphy, Dr. Joseph. The Power of Your Subconscious Mind. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1963.ΚΚΚ

 

 

Κ