1) The concept of a grammatical "rule" as used in generative transformational linguistics in no way implies that the individual is consciously aware of what he is doing. "Rule" is to be understood in its formal (mathematical) sense as an expression that generates a set of operations of defined elements. (back to text)
2) A phrase marker is simply a graphic representation of the constituents of a sentence. "Bracketing" shown at the bottom of this figure is an alternative method of accomplishing the same thing. (back to text)