1983 Dr. Leon James Instructor Psychology 222
Krupat Reading Report by M.N.

Social Psychology 222 is not your ordinary lecture classroom. There is a setting called community classroom. It consists of many different approaches such as dyadic quizzes, discussion, a midterm tape and singing of songs which you create or others in previous generations have created. There is a great deal of open communication with the self as a main point of interest.

There is a textbook entitled, psychology is Social, which was written by Edward Krupat. The content of the class consists of two parts. The first part is the Generational Curriculum, which includes written, audio, and some video materials that hare been prepared by students in prior semesters. There are DRA's-Daily Round Archives to read. Psychology 222 also consists of papers prepared by students in prior semesters. This is very useful because it gives the new students a chance to see what the semester has in store for us and also to see what Dr., James requires of us. The second part consists of the readings in Krupat and lectures by Dr. James and even a lecture by Dr. Nahl on using the library.

This paper is to be written as part of the Generational Curriculum for Community Classroom. It is to be written on one chapter from Krupat and related to another Social Psychology textbook with a similar chapter or a chapter of the same title. This is to be bound and used as part of the Generational Curriculum to be used and passed on from Spring 1983 as another edition of the Generation Curriculum. Thus. it will be used to give students in future Psychology 222 classes an idea of what i9 expected and also used as a source of introduction to the course. I personally have found the DRAís very helpful in familiarizing me with what is expected of me and it has helped me throughout the semester.

The three-fold self is a principle that you are not born with. It must be nurtured and developed. There is growth and maturation from birth to death. When growth has occurred in an individual, internalization has occurred. The-three-fold self is also the ABCís of Social Psychology. It consists of three (3) levels designated by the letters A, B, and C. Here I will give you a better idea of what the three parts of the threefold self consist of.

At the C Level, or the lowest level, is the Sensorimotor State. it consists of anything to do with the senses or some kind of motor movement. The C level also consists of things we do automatically and never stop to think of how they are done or why they are done. It is also interesting to note that the C Level is referred to as the Automatic Self. The C Level is the first part to be internalized.

At the Middle Level is the B Level. This level is where an individual voluntarily accepts ideas as a working hypothesis and works to confirm or disconfirm it. The B Level is referred to as the Cognitive State. It deals with reflecting and evaluating new ideas presented to the self and through confirmation or denying, provides a working solution. This is why it is also called the Reflective Self.

At the A Level is the Affective State, which deals with the innermost self. This state affects you emotionally and motivationally. There is also striving for greater self awareness. It is here that the values, principles, and wills control your thoughts and actions.

To construct a three-fold self table, start by drawing a square and dividing it into three (3) columns. Then have it divided into three (3) columns each with three boxes. On the left hand side of the square, draw an arrow pointing upwards and label it Internalization. Now starting at the top going down label each row across III, II, and I respectively. Now draw an arrow going across the table on the bottom and label this Externalization. Now at the top of the square, the first column from the left, vertically, label this A, and moving across B and C. Now starting at the bottom right hand corner, label this box 1 and moving left 2 and 3. In the second row, starting at the mid right hand corner label this 4, 5, and 6. Do the same for the top row labeling it 7. 8, and 9. Remember those horizontal rows of I, II, and III? Label Row I - The Automatic Self, Row II - The Reflective Self and Row III- The Spiritual Self. The ABC's at the top of the columns are labeled this way: A-Affective, B-Cognitive, and C-Sensorimotor. Your finished table should look like this;

	Affective	Cognitive	Sensorimotor
Spiritual Self
Reflective Self
Automatic Self

	Affective	Cognitive	Sensorimotor
Spiritual Self	Spiritual Strivings----> Loves---->	Rational Truths or Falses----> True or False Principles---->	Good or Evil Works Good or Bad Uses
Reflective Self	Strivings----> Harmony Aptitude or Interest---->	Reasoning----> Persistent---->	Understanding Higher Skills
Automatic Self	Sensory Drives----> Sensory Input---->	Conditioning----> Meaning or Information---->	Skill Motor Reaction

For myself, the self-witnessing method was something very different. I for one was always consciously aware of what others were doing, but I never took the time to stop and watch myself. All it requires is a little bit of objective observations. It is a process, whereby you "disconnect" your body and its activities and log down your feelings. activities, thoughts, conversations, with others or dialogues that do go on within you or centered around you during the course of the day. This exercise is good because it teaches one to be objective since it is only when one is objective that a true sample of ones thoughts can be made. At first, I thought that this was going to be a tough assignment, but once I got started it seemed so natural that I thought, "Why didn't I go this sooner." When I began to keep an a count of my daily round, found that a great deal of my thoughts and feelings were either governed by my environment or the values and principles- that I had been, as a youngster to adhere to.

For self-witnessing it is wise to keep track of the time, day, place, and circumstances governing the situation. this way you will be able to see that sometimes these factors greatly affect how we act or react.

The Self-witnessing method also includes the ABC Tables. Through self-witnessing we can connect that which has been disconnected. When recording your thoughts on the Tables, it is also advised and always best to start at the C Level and work from there. Here is located the effects part of the table and, you may record any type of conversation or dialogue (Intrapersonal conversation you have, that conversation you have with your- self, or interpersonal conversation you have between you and another person.) This is also where you record your thoughts, feelings, or a description of anything you hear, sensed, imagined, or acted on.

At the B Cognitive Level, the cause or instrument stage, any argumentation- or reasoning you have is recorded. It also records reflection. evaluation devises a plan, considers implications and provides a solution.

At the A Level or Affective Self Level, is. where the whole process originates. The A Level considers principles, values, wants, affections,- , loves, wills tendencies, inclinations and impulses.

From logging my self-witnessing behaviors. I have become more aware of categorizing my thoughts at the various levels.

The experimental method and the empirical method is equal to the comprehensive approach. The experimental method is best represented by Edward Krupat, the author of the text, Psychology is Social. The Empirical method is represented by Emmanuel SwedenBorg. The empirical method covers a wider range than the experimental method and is observations observed through the senses and not just guesses.

The positive bias is proved by confirmation and confirmation only. The positive bias assumes it is true and then attempts to confirm this. It is also called the belief or faith. There are two states that exist and these are the confirmed and the unconfirmed. Most of what we believe is unconfirmed. t is only at middle age that the Spiritual Self an act down and control the Automatic Self, thus giving the individual control over his own ideas. Swedenborg is associated with the concept of the Spiritual Self and eternity at death. Swedenborg believed that death is a continuation of life, just a transition. Heaven he claimed came after death and it expanded the awareness of a person. Hell on the other hand was a psychological condition on which the person is driven by a blind greed of the ego. He also felt that man is a microcosm, his is a small universe within himself. Swedenborg also felt that is possible to relate to the other world because we have the information and the access within ourselves. In fact, he also claimed to have made contact with the other world.

The negative bias, or the null hypothesis is also represented by HO. The null hypothesis is used to tell the size of the doubt or error. The negative has come up early in this century. In this negative bias, the Automatic Self is the only one that can be studied because it is the only one that is visible. It is only the automatic self's activities that can be observed by a third personl. The Spiritual Self cannot be studied be- cause in the negative bias it doesn't exist.

Now my discussion will focus on the ennead matrix, In order to success- fully complete the ennead matrix table, it is best to go through the table and familiarize yourself as to what reaction or information fits that particular box. The second step to fulfill is to successfully go through the chapter that you have decided on and make a note of the page or pages, the line number of the passage and the reaction or information for the ennead matrix box. It is always best to start at C and proceed from here to B and then A. After you have listed your information and reactions on the chapters the next step is to plug the information into the proper box. Most of the boxes in the ennead matrix ask questions and your job is to see if the information or reactions answer these questions or fit into these boxes as possible answers. Now it is time to refer back to the assignment sheet regarding the Krupat Reading Report to check on the ennead matrix questions and place the information in correctly.

As for any differences in the two tables. I found that Krupat was more concerned with the aspects of masculinity and femininity, androgens, attitude of women and men toward the same or opposite sex. The second book, I focused on was, An Introduction to Social Psychology, by James A. Schellenburg. He was more into the topics of influence of older brothers and sisters on younger siblings the influence of such terms as male and female and the social norms placed upon our sexes from birth. Krupat in his conversation with Rhoda Unger discussed what makes a feminine woman. She said one who is "non threatening receptive sensitive. concerned about other people rather than herself." A masculine male is one who is "competent, aggressive, assertive and opinionated." An androgen, she stated, "is regarded as someone who has a fairly sizable number of both feminine and masculine characteristics." Krupat and Schellenburg differed in the types of materials they presented and the way they titled each chapter. While Krupat-called his male and female, Schellenburg chose Social Norms. I found no contradiction in either of the two books.

Trends

The trends seem to show that oldest boys and oldest girls are sex-typed and that androgens. because of the fact that they possess some qualities of both, they are capable of functioning in a wider variety of situations. The trends also show that the social normal parents, and older brothers and sisters have great influence in how younger brothers and sisters behave and react.

Similarities

Although there aren't a great deal of similarities, I think the base of the similarities is the fact that when everything else is considered, there is a great deal of social influences placed upon us from the minute we are born. One learns the behavior appropriate the minute we are born. The behavior appropriate to his position in a group through interaction with others who hold normative beliefs about what his role should be and who are able to reward and punish him for correct and incorrect actions. As part of this same learning process one acquires expectations of how others behave. He must be able to predict what others expect of him, and how they will react to him. Accurate or erroneous understanding and prediction are respectively rewarding and punishing to the actor, and learning proceeds systematically through the elimination of incorrect responses. Another similarity is that in most cases, women do not fear success, but they do fear deviation from the social norms.

Topics

As for the topics I found this subject to be very interesting and quite informative This topic made me think about a variety of factors, and although these assumptions were some that I did identify with I found that I really did learn alot researching this topic. I also found that no matter what the topics are titled, whether it be male and female or social norms both dealt with just about the same ideas. Although they may have both addressed these in different ways, the material they covered was quite similar.

You and the textbooks

As for a comparison of this topic to myself. I have learned a great deal about myself. It also made me aware of the various factors affecting my life everyday. By applying the information from both books to the Ennead matrix it made me aware of my assumptions biases, goals and even my resistances. it also made me stop and think about where I place each information in the boxes. How my thoughts are processed and how highly I value each statement. Although as I stated these as assumptions were within me, it made me stop and take a further look at what lies beneath these assumptions. Why did I assume these? How did I come to assume these?

Textbooks

In Krupat's Psychology is Social, I found the articles much more interesting. They were more detailed and the information presented was much more in depth and very interesting. As for Schellenburg's book, it was very brief in its discussion of subjects. There were some good points however. but these could have been better by adding much more information.

Conclusions:

I feel the ennead matrix method is a very good method for studying. It is an excellent system of classification and allows one in depth studying of various topics. It also teaches one to look deeper within oneself and study how one feels regarding the topics. The ennead matrix is an excellent method for also studying other subjects. All it requires is placing the information into the appropriate box kite it might seem like a complicated process, it really isn't. All it requires is some thinking on your part and proper placement of each thought or information into the correct box. For studying other subjects, it requires establishing goals or setting up questions to be answered about each box. To analyze other subjects the enclosed table might help in deciding where to place the information gathered. I feel the ennead matrix can be applied to our everyday life situations. As a matter of fact Dr. James and Mrs. Nahl-James are hoping to get this to be used by the University and other colleges as a method of teaching and lecturing. You have to admit it is truly and interesting way to work.

I believe that the ennead matrix method gives a person 8 sense of accomplishment. It has indeed taught me about myself. As I have said before, more it has made me aware about myself. t first, I thought this type of exercise would be so difficult, but in actuality, I really do go -through this process everyday. T believe that exposure to this method has given me a feeling of inner peace. Social Psychology is _ really an interesting subject and through this course

believe that I have learned a great deal. In processing information, we do mentally go through a series of steps to reach a conclusion that we are not normally aware of. It is only when you are particularly looking for something that you are more apt to find it. If anything, the main point to be emphasized is that we do go through a variety f steps in processing information that we are not familiar with. With the help of Social Psychology the ennead matrix will help you learn -to look deeper within yourself.

Besides showing us how we react, behave reason and process information, there are a wide variety of uses for tile ennead matrix, or examples this report is an excellent usage for the ennead matrix. It shows us how we take information and reason with that information. It is used to report o a topic you have been reading and can also be used to study the thoughts we say to ourselves when looking in the library for a book or just waiting in line somewhere.

As 1 have said time and time again this report has taught me a great deal more about myself. I have learned more about my thoughts, feelings, and biases on the subject of male and female. I have also been able to confirm some of my assumptions and have come to realize what a useful method the ennead matrix is. This report has taught me to look for more meaning into what I do because the underlying causes are much more interesting and meaningful

To those of you reading this report, I urge you to wholeheartedly apply what you learn in Psychology 222 to other courses and other situations. It has been a wonderful semester and I have truly enjoyed it. This report has taught me a great deal more than any other final exam I could have taken. Because there is less pressure to "memorize" information, the information gained is retained much longer. Also, because there is a great deal of interaction with peers it is much more interesting and very helpful.

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