Social Psychology of Web Architecture:

Things and Forces That Help to Shape Web Pages

Table of Contents

Introduction
Web Designer Principles As I See It
Psychological Aspects to Web Design
What It's Like to Become a Web Designer
Annotated Index to Web design

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Introduction:

Are There any Answers to My Questions?

How do you create a good home page? Everyone that creates or constructs a new home page or web site asks this question. As I have surfed the net I have come across things on people's web pages that I found attractive and helpful and a few things that were annoying as hell. In this report I will try give some examples, hints or points that will help you to create a good web page. There are also links to other sites that will aid you in your quest to become a web designer.

I have also included in this report my personal experiences in becoming a "web designer." I can honestly say that it has been an interesting time learning how to make web pages and learning that the only limits that are set to me are the ones that I make for myself.

 

Web Design Principles As I See it:

Things That Make You Smile or Want to Jump Off a Cliff!

I have just finished visiting a site and I have found some things that are interesting. The site is located at the URL http://www.glover.com. You can also click on the icon that will be provided here and

at the bottom of this report if you want to go and visit this site for yourself. When I arrived at the main title page a picture of Jeffery Glover the creator of this site greeted me. This picture is in the middle of four icon links that are set so they look to form a box. When I first saw this I thought that it was cool because this configuration allowed me to chose where I wanted to start. I didn't have to scroll down to see all of the different links on the page. After I started to read the text on the page a phrase caught my eye. It said, "When you're done watchin' me dance around, pick somethin'!" I didn't know what this meant, so I start to move the pointer around the screen and then I noticed that the arms on the picture pointed to whatever link I had the pointer on. I really found this feature amusing and I started to move it faster and faster. It got to the point were the guy kind of looked like John Travolta, when he was dancing in the movie "Saturday Night Fever."

After I got tired of seeing the guy on my screen dance I decided to look at the different pages that author had to offer. I started my journey that the icon link entitled sucky to savvy. I just thought that I wanted to see what made a home page "savvy" as compared to "sucky." The link brought me to a page with author's disclaimer for his work. I couldn't find the link to the next page right off the bat, so I decided to read the text. The after reading the whole disclaimer I found that the picture on the top of the page was the link to the actual list of "sucky" and "savvy" stuff. I really enjoyed the format that he used to show what each different effect or stylistic point was. He had a cool ratings table and in each section he had information on "What it is?" "Why is it sucky/savvy", and "What can you do about it..." These sections on each page help to give the reader an explanation of the problem and how it can be fixed. I thought that this was a great thing because it gave the novice web designer tips and advice on what are cool things to use and what is not. I would give links to each separate page and item, but the author of this site wants all links to be made to his main title page.

After I had looked at all of the pages that related to the topic of "sucky" and "savvy", I clicked on the link to the "Top ten ways to tell if you have a sucky home page." This was just a condensed version of the "sucky" list from the other link. This list didn't have all of the information that the other list contained. I think that this list was a fast stop for people that want a quick run down on the things that make a "sucky" home page. It is more for people that don't want to spend the time reading all of the technical stuff that is elaborated on in the other list.

I then went to the link called "disney disaster." I found this to just be pictures of the author's vacation to Disney World. I found the pictures to be cool and the captions under each picture were funny, but a few were kind of strange. Also, some of the captions seemed to have subtle homosexual references hidden in them. I don't know if I am right or not, but this I just my opinion and I could be wrong.

When I came to the last link entitled "me" I thought that my journey had ended, I soon found that I was mistaken in assuming that this was the end. I found that this link had a main page and three separate pages they were entitled "A Webmaster", "A Nut Case", and "A Bear." I understood just by look at the first two links that he was talking about being a webmaster and that he was a little crazy, but I had no idea what the hell a "Bear" was. As I suspected the first two links were just that, so there was no big surprise there. Things started to get a little strange when I clicked on the "Bear" link. I was surprised to find out that "Bear" stood for gay men that are masculine, husky, and hairy. The rest of that section dispels myths about gay men and explains more about the "Bear" group.

I think that this is a good site to find out about ways to improve people's web sites. The information given is thoughtful and is to the point and the examples that are given make it very clear what the problems are. This site also gives information about being gay and the myths about being gay. I think that these two ideas have been given in a balanced and tactful way.

This next section is called "Principles that I think I understand."

"Sucky" things -- these are things that make a home page look bad or causes the readers head to explode. Some of these things are blinking text, auto background sounds, load backgrounds, and construction signs. These things add to loading time, eyestrain, and sometimes they are just plain annoying.

"Savvy" things -- these are the effects or tags that help to enhance the beauty and performance of a web page. Some of the things that help to make a better home page are thumbnail images, unique new ideas, and don't steal everything that you see.

The do it your self theory -- I feel that some people don't have any creativity in any part of their body. They copy every thing that looks nice on other people's pages; they don't take the time to find something that is of them to put in the web page. A home page should help to show who you are and the kind of traits and interests that make you a person or an individual.

Psychological Aspects to Web Design:

Different Parts That help to Make-up the Whole

After reading Professor James' article on Social Psychological Principles of Home Page Architecture I have found three points that interest me enough that they need to be discussed further. These points are Home Pages are Loved, Informational Content of Home Pages, and Stylistic Features of Home Pages. In the next few paragraphs I will explain why I find these points interesting, I will be including quotes from each section to help to explain each point.

I feel that everyone loves their own individual home pages to a certain degree. Some people love it like a friend or a companion, but others love it as if it were their child or lover. I know of people that spend hours every week changing their home pages. These people feel that they should add new things like pictures or midi files to help make their pages more attractive to the person that is viewing the page. I don't see it like that, I believe that I make a page one time and it is finished. I might change a few things if it is hard to read or if a link doesn't work, but I don't fuss or primp every little thing on my page. Here is an excerpt from Professor James' article.

I began to despair. Click on anything you want. It'll take you there. He did. Again and again he clicked away on every screen that came up. I could hardly keep myself from trying to interfere with him, from speaking harshly at him saying, Don't just click like that on anything. Examine first. Appreciate it.

I don't get really offended or agitated when people just click through my home page or reports. I am one of those people that try to get through a page as fast as I can. I tend click on links that I find interesting, I don't spend a lot of time looking at a page for its asthetic value. I just look for the information that I need then I leave. I know the way that I see a page will differ from others points of view, but that is the great thing about cyberspace. Everyone is entitled to his or her own views and opinions.

Another point is the informational content of home pages. I have seen sites and home pages that are just too cluttered with fancy little things that make the page hard to understand and to read. Here is a little clip from the informational section of Professor James' article.

We need to look at our Home Pages with an objective eye. In general, we try to achieve two important results with a Home Page. One is that it should be clear (unconfusing), informative and useful. The other is that it should be beautiful, with a creative and entertaining style. These two aspects can be discussed as the informational and stylistic features of Home Pages.

The information on the home pages must be arranged in some sort of orderly manner. If all of the information is scattered around the page the person that is viewing the page will get feed up and just leave without accessing the information contained within the page. The background colors and icons can help or hinder the person that is viewing the page. If the color is too dark it makes the words on the page hard to read, the color should be light and it should help to emphasize the text. Background icons are more of a hindrance then anything else; they cause the reader to focus on the background instead of on the text. I would try to stay away from background icons as much as possible. If you can find a balance between the informational and stylistic aspects of your home page, this will help interest the reader as they browse over your home page.

The last point that interested me in Professor James' article was a stylistic feature.

Above all, be sure that visitors don't end up waiting impatiently for your Page to load. No spiffy background effect or spectacular images will be appreciated by cybernauts who have to wait precious seconds for you to load just so you can show off!! So how much is too long to wait? In my opinion, the shorter the better.

I think that everyone that creates a home page tries to make it better then ones that they have visited or seen. They try to do this by adding more and larger pictures, intricate backgrounds, and background music. I think that these things are great and that they add to the creativity of the home page, but they have to be used in moderation. If a person tries to add all of these extra features to a home page it will take a long time to load the entire page. The person that is reading your page doesn't want to sit around and wait one or two minutes for a page to load. There are steps that a web designer can use to speed up the time it takes the browsers to load a page. For instance keep a copy of your background in your directory, instead of having a URL address. The size of a picture can be designated in your html code and this allows the browser to read the picture faster and load it faster. Try not to have too many animated or moving pictures on your page, these types of pictures take up too much space and slow down the loading of a page.

I hope that these points and my explanations will help you in designing your web page. The best way to become a better web designer is to listen to the feedback that other people send you about your home page, what works and doesn't work. In the end the reader is the person that makes final judgement about your home page, if they don't like it they wont come back.

When I compare the points from Professor James' article and the things that are said at www.glover.com. I start to see a general trend in the thinking of these two people. A home page is something that is loved and cherished, but like all things it can be over loved. When this happens when people start to add more and more things to their home pages. They take longer and longer to load and they become cluttered with things that make the eyes sore or make the brain melt into ooze. The structure or style of a home page is totally up to the mind of the designer, but the designer has to keep one fact in mind. The bottom line is that someone has to read or view this page and the question that you must ask yourself is do I want to look at all of this crap? If the designer continuously asks this question then the crap and eyesores will be reduced on the home pages of future generations.

What It's Like to Become a Web Designer:

Joys and Sorrows of HTML

When I ask myself the question "What is it like to be a web designer?" I have to say that it is an interesting concept to behold. I never would have thought of myself as a web designer before I took this course from Professor James. If I learned these skills in the real world and not in a classroom environment I would have just shrugged it off as one more learned skill. I guess you could say that I am viewing these skills in a different light because I am associating them with a title of "web designer." This is an example of how a person's mind can change how a skill, person, or object is viewed by just learning it in a formal setting. Well, I had better stop rambling on and get to the real business at hand. And that is to tell about the trials and mishaps that I have encountered on the way to becoming a "web designer."

When I first walked into my psychology 409b class I knew that I was walking into some unknown world, but what I didn't know was how far. I thought that I knew enough about computers, so this course would be a piece of cake. When I first received the practice assignments from Professor James, all of the material was a review of the UNIX commands and things that I had already learned. This past knowledge helped to lull me into a false sense of security. I thought that I would breeze through this class without a problem. This mind set or thinking is what led me down the path of misfortune and the wall that I ran headfirst into.

When Professor James handed out the instructions for the first report and went over them in class, I felt like I would have no problem finishing the report in a week or less. All I had to do was write about two newsgroups that I followed by reading messages and posting messages. The reading and writing to the newsgroup took a relatively short time, and I was ready to start my report. The first problem I encountered was learning how to write the html code by hand because I didn't have an html editor that I could use. (An editor is a program that makes writing html programs easier i.e. Front page, Hot dog pro, Internet assistant for Microsoft word...) I found that working in Microsoft word was a pain because I found that I had to look up the html tags in my textbook. This took too long, and I felt that I really had to find an editor to make my life easier, so I wouldn't lose my mind over my report. A friend suggested that I look at the Microsoft home page and get the Internet assistant program. (This is an add-on program that can be added to Microsoft word. It allows that user to edit html programs in Microsoft word just like a word document.) After I downloaded the program from Microsoft I started to play with the program to get a feel on how it worked, I found that it made working with html easier. I took some of the pain out of writing the html code. For example instead of typing all of the code to make a table I used the table command from the toolbar and it made a table for me in a few seconds instead of a few minutes. The Internet assistant helped me to write the program, but after that I encountered another problem. I had to debug my report more then once because I had errors that caused whole sections of my report to just disappear. I also had problems with a few of my absolute links and my relative links. My absolute links were being added to the relative links they looked like this

/shintanireport1/http://www.yahoo.com

I found the problem after I searched all of the commands in the toolbar and menubar. I didn't make the links absolute (I didn't click off the check in the "make it a relative link box") when I typed them in, so the program read them as relative and added them on to the URL for my report. It took time to make the changes to my report to make it work, but I finally got the bugs out. I am going to stick with this program for the rest of the semester because I am comfortable with it. And I feel that things are complicated enough as it is, and I donāt want to add more stress by having to learn a new program while trying to write any more reports. I think that learning a new program should be done during "play time" where problems can be worked out in a few days with no deadlines to meet.

I am now working on my second report for Professor James. I feel that I have improved and that my knowledge of html language has increased at least fifty times. The problems that occurred during my first report have been taken care of, so this will cut down on the time it will take me to write this report. I know that problems will still arise as I try to add new things to my report I think that with every new challenge or problem I encounter while I am writing my report the end result will be a better report.

I am looking forward to this summer because I will be purchasing Microsoft Front page (Front page is a powerful html editor and can be used for java too). I have heard a lot about Front page from my friends that already have it and all of the things that I have heard have been good. The only thing that can be deemed negative from what I have heard is that to take advantage of all of the features in Front page the user has to use Microsoft's internet explorer. I have not tried it myself personally, I will hold off judgement until I can use the program and form my own opinions about it. After I graduate in the spring of '98 I am thinking about pursuing a master's degree somewhere close to the field of home page design and construction. I have heard of a masters program that is offered in the School of Library and Information Studies and the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Or I will be pursuing a masters degree in the fields of education or counseling. I still haven't decide which program to go into, I think that I will just apply to all three and see which program I will be accepted too and that will be the program that I will chose. If I donāt get accepted into any program then I will try to get a job as a valet at Jon Dominis restaurant. In my immediate future I plan to take another of Professor James' class on the internet, so I can learn more about the internet and any new bits of technology that might surface in the coming months. I think that I will be taking Dr. James' Traffic Psychology class, and that it will help to give me a different perspective on they way that I drive and the way that others drive on the road.

This is for all of you who will be taking this course after me and those of you who read this report somewhere in cyberspace. I have a few pointers or hints that I feel will help you with your endeavors in writing html language and surfing the net. My first suggestion is that you have to form a technique when you read or do searches on a page on the Internet. I feel that there are three main ways to read or search a page and the is the logical method, interest method and the "chicken without a head method." Each one to these methods has it's own appeal.

The logical method -- I feel should be used when you are looking or searching for information on a page. This allows you to see the links that you have visited and those that you have not yet visited because they are arranged in a readable manner. (Example starts on the left top of page and works your way in a clockwise direction)

The interest method -- Means that you click on links that interest you or if they happen to catch your eye. This is used more by the people that are surfing the net and are trying to get through a page as fast as they can. It allows them to go only to the places that they want to go.

The chicken without a head method -- This method is used by that want to surf the net and go to a different place every time. They just click on any link and go to where ever the link takes them. It is always an adventure to the people that use this method.

My second suggestion is that I would like to stress to all future generations is to learn the html language. I know that there are html editors on the market that make learning the language more of a pain then anything else. The reason that I feel that learning the language helps is that you can still do your projects even if your editor breaks down or you have to work at a terminal that doesn't have an editor. It only takes a while to learn, but it can save your butt when you have a report due and your computer crashes and you have to go to a friend's house and he only has a 486 with Microsoft Word on it.

The third suggestion is to get an outside Internet provider. You will be doing a lot of work on-line in this class and you have to be able to access the internet when you want to, not when pearl lets you. I know that getting an outside provider means spending some of the precious little money that college students have, but it will be worth it when you are trying to turn in your report or getting the information from home pages or sites. After the first three weeks in class I went and got and outside Internet provider, the company that I chose to go with was LavaNet inc. This company provides excellent service, but it is a little expensive about $26 a month plus a $24 setup fee. All of the services and information can be found on their home page or by calling them @ (808) 532-3192. There are other providers that can be found in the phone book that are cheaper, but their services might not be as good as LavaNet's

Well I think that these are all of the suggestions that I have for all of you in future generations. The only thing that I can say is that the Internet can be a learning tool or a toy it is just how you look at it.

I have a few suggestions for Professor James that might help with future generations. I think that more help should be provided in during the lab time. Sometimes questions arise and no one in lab whether it is a student or a monitor can answer the question. If a more knowledgeable person cannot be found to work in the lab I think that the ICS dept should be asked to use their labs. It might be more inconvenient, but the lab monitors in those labs know how to answer more questions then the monitors in the Porteus labs. Also, all of the computers in lab should be working with working programs, I feel that this should be a necessity if Professor James is trying to build an online generational community classroom. I liked that format of the class that Professor James used this semester. It helps a lot of the other people in class to have three weeks to learn the UNIX commands and a little of the html language. I think that it was a good decision to cut the reports down to only two for the semester. It is hard to write a good report when you are just typing it on paper, but to put it on a home page makes it even harder. I think that the quality of the reports is reduced by having to do more then two reports because of the time constraints and the problems that arise in working with this media. I think that this class can be taught in distance learning (HITS) because all of the work can be done in lab and the discussion part of the class can be done over interactive television. Since we tend to communicate with other classmates on e-mail it wouldn't really change the class; it would allow other students from different islands or states to participate in the building of the online generational community classroom.

 

Annotated Index to Web Design:

Look What I Found

I used two different search engines to try to find articles that discuss the topics of psychological forces in web design and navigation. The two search engines that I used were yahoo and infoseek I used many different combinations of the words home page, web design, webdesign, navigation, psychological forces and architecture. Here is a list of related articles that I found.

The first article I found in my search was Professor James' article on web architecture. I used both infoseek and yahoo to find this article. I really don't have to summarize this article again because it is the same article that I have discussed earlier in my report in the section titled Psychological Aspects to Web Design.

I found another article while using the key words webdesign, home page, and navigation. The search engine that I used was infoseek. The article was written by Tim Guay and is entitled "Beyond the Mechanics: Web Design Issues." This article covered most of the same points that can be found at Jeff Glover's site and in Professor James's article. Here are some of the points that the author discusses in his article. Like in Professor James' article this author talks about design goals for web pages. A few of the goals that the author says are important are content, layout, navigation, and interactivity. These goals are similar to the ones that are talked about in Professor James' article.

I also found two lists while I was searching for articles on the web. After reading these lists I found them to relate to Jeff Glover's site. These lists are "Top Ten Mistakes in Web Design" by Jakob Nielsen and "Issues in Web Design." I found the "Issues in Web Design" list to also have points that relate to parts of Professor James' article. I don't want to say what points you can find on these two sites, that would make it too easy for you. I have made live links to these sites, so I hope that you visit these sites. I think that they will help you understand more about web design and I think that you will be pleased when you visit them.

 

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Report 2 Sections

Title

Introduction

Web Designer

Psychological Aspects

 

What It's Like

Annotated

 

 

My home Page

Leon's Page

My Class Page

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My Report 1

 If you want to e-mail me I can be reached at shintani@hawaii.edu. I would really like to hear any comments or opinions that you might have after reading my report.