Untitled Document

S Y L L A B U S

TITLE: ANTH 415 Ecological Anthropology (Theory) 3 cr.

TIME: 10:30-11:45 a.m., Tuesdays and Thursdays
Fall Semester 2004

PLACE: Kuykendall Hall 306, University of Hawai`i @ Manoa

INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Les Sponsel, Professor
Director, Ecological Anthropology Program
Office: Saunders Hall 317
Office hours: 1:00-4:00 p.m., Thursdays

Office phone: 956-8506
Email: sponsel@hawaii.edu

ORIENTATION:

"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise" (Aldo Leopold, 1949, "The Land Ethic" A Sand County Almanac, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 262).

Ecological anthropology is a mature topical specialization that crosscuts the five subfields of anthropology and has its own separate unit within the American Anthropological Association, journals (Human Ecology, Journal of Ecological Anthropology), textbooks, listserv, and so on. UH undergraduate and graduate students may specialize in this subject through the Ecological Anthropology Program in which 415 is the required core course (http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu).

Ecological anthropology explores how culture influences the dynamic interactions between human populations and the ecosystems in their habitat through time. This semester the course successively surveys the following five approaches: primate ecology, cultural ecology, historical ecology, political ecology, and spiritual ecology. Throughout the course the focus will be on relationships between biological and cultural diversity as well as environmental anthropology (applied ecological anthropology).

FORMAT:

Each of the above approaches will be critically analyzed through a regular succession of an overview PowerPoint lecture drawing on the instructor's textbook manuscript; illustrated lecture from the instructor's fieldwork in Thailand and elsewhere; specially selected video; and student panel discussion of book-length case studies. Assigned readings will be discussed in small groups each led by a student facilitator followed by discussion with the class as a whole coordinated by the instructor. Guest speakers or discussants may also be arranged.

Each panel will be composed of two to four students, depending on class size and individual interests. Each panelist will read a different book-length case study on the approach to be discussed (primate, cultural, historical, political, or spiritual ecology). See the list of recommended reading under the Schedule for some possible books.

Each panelist will prepare a one-page typed single-spaced book review as a class handout to be distributed one meeting in advance of the panel discussion. Then during the next meeting the panelists will discuss the approach among themselves drawing out the main points as a group. Individual panelists should avoid merely summarizing their own book in the panel discussion, and their grade will be reduced if they do so. Instead, the panel as a whole is supposed to have a genuine dialogue about the approach for about 50 minutes. The remainder of the class period will be devoted to open discussion with the class as a whole and the instructor's comments.

Each panel needs to meet together on their own at least three times outside of class to coordinate their presentation, and the second meeting should be with the instructor to report their plans and obtain his advice.

After the oral presentation in class the members of the panel should collaborate together in co-authoring an essay of about 10 pages double-spaced on the approach which is due at the time of the final examination for the course (December 14). This essay should be well-integrated, not simply a collection of individual book reports inserted between an introduction and conclusion. Drafts can be circulated for comments for revision through email among the panelists.

The panel work comprises one third of the final grade; thus, it is a very important component of the course. Also, the panel is a vital part of the active, collaborative learning approach in this class. If any student does not wish to participate in team work then she or he can see the instructor to develop an acceptable individual project.

OBJECTIVES:

This course aims to help students explore and become familiar with these five topics in particular:

1. five primary approaches in current ecological anthropology and the key concepts and principles in each in historical perspective;

2. practical environmental problems and issues as well as environmental discourses as viewed from the perspective of these five approaches;

3. the pivotal role of culture in human ecology, adaptations, maladaptations, environmental changes, and environmental concerns;

4. how people culturally conceptualize, manipulate, transform, and humanize their natural environments through time; and

5. key resource materials such as books, encyclopedias, periodicals, bibliographies, videos, and web sites.

GRADE:

The final course grade will be based on the following:

1. one take-home quiz (one page, typed single-spaced) on each of the second through fifth approaches covering lectures, discussions, videos, assigned readings, and other course materials due on October 12, November 4, and December 2 and 14 (20%);

2. a panel discussion of a book as a case study and a co-authored summary essay (10 pages, typed double-spaced), latter due December 14 (30%);

3. two essays (5 pages each, typed double-spaced) for a final take-home examination reflecting on the course as a whole due December 14 (30%); and

4. regular active participation in class discussion, especially for the scheduled required reading assignments(20%).

To summarize, the final course grade is based on four quizzes, one panel discussion together with a co-authored comparative essay, two final exam essays, and class attendance and participation.

Note that the final examination questions and instructions are included on the last page of this syllabus so that self-disciplined students may work on it throughout the entire semester. Students should take advantage of this opportunity rather than procrastinate until the semester nears an end. Furthermore, the essays comprising the four quizzes should provide a foundation for gradually drafting the final examination throughout the semester. The questions for the quizzes are included on the page before the final examination.

Student work will be evaluated for:

1. general knowledge of all required readings assignments and of all material presented and discussed in class and in the syllabus:

2. clear, concise, logical, analytical, and critical thinking;

3. achieving the five objectives of the course: and

4. regular and active participation in class discussion.

Undergraduate and graduate student work will be graded separately, and a higher quality is expected for the latter. Graduate students are also expected to undertake extra readings of their choice in pursuing their own topical and regional interests.

Class attendance will be taken regularly. Students are expected to attend every single class meeting throughout the entire semester, unless a convincing written excuse is provided such as by a medical doctor. Three unexcused absences will result in the lowering of the final course grade by one letter grade. Students are expected to arrive at class on time and remain attentive during the entire period (that is, no sleeping, regular conversation, walkman, reading newspapers, and the like). Any students who wish to sleep or to carry on private conversations should do so outside of the classroom to avoid distracting other students and the instructor. In short, like the instructor, students are expected to take this class seriously. Anyone who does not is wasting the time of other students and the instructor; thus, they should drop the course immediately.

Students are required to be open minded as well as courteous and professional in class. Any student can say anything as long as it is relevant, concise, and polite. Being concise is important because the time in class is very limited and everyone who wishes should have an opportunity to contribute to discussion, rather than one or a few persons dominating the class for an entire semester. The ideals of freedom and democracy apply in this class, even if they are restricted elsewhere.

Extra credit may be earned by writing a one-page reaction (not summary) to a video, journal article, book chapter, lecture, or panel discussion from any of the material covered in the syllabus or class. Five high quality extra credit papers can make the difference for a borderline course grade, while ten such papers can elevate the grade to the next level. Other alternatives for more extra credit include writing a review of an extra book or a research report, but in any case the specifics have to be approved by the instructor in advance. Thus, in principle, with enough high quality work any student can earn an A in this course.

READINGS:

Every student is required to read and discuss in class each of these four textbooks.

Crumley, Carole L., ed., 2001, New Directions in Anthropology and Environment: Intersections, Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press ($26.95/$26.95 new, $14.11/$20.50 used). GF 50 .N48 2001

Marten, Gerald G., 2003, Human Ecology: Basic Concepts for Sustainable Development, London, UK: Earthscan Publications Ltd. ($29.95/$29.95 new, $16/$22.80 used). GF 75 .M37 2001

Sutton, Mark Q, and E.N. Anderson, 2004, An Introduction to Cultural Ecology, Walnut Creek, CA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, Inc. ($34.95/$34.95 new, $22.95/NA used). NA

Townsend, Patricia K., 2000, Environmental Anthropology: From Pigs to Policies, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. ($11.50/$11.50 new, $8/$8.75 used). QH 541 .T68 2000

Note that the prices quoted above are from Amazon.com/UH Bookstore. Of course outside online orders will add shipping and handling charges.

Copies of the above textbooks should be on one day Reserve in Sinclair Library.

These four textbooks should be available in the UH Bookstore for anyone who may wish to purchase one or more of them. Furthermore, the UH Bookstore now makes available purchases online: http://www.bookstore.hawaii.edu/manoa/textbooks.

These textsbooks may also be available through local bookstores (e.g., Borders, Barnes and Noble) or an internet bookseller (see below for examples). Some internet booksellers are:

http://www.amazon.com

http://www.booksamillion.com

http://www.alibris.com

http://www.abebooks.com.

Students may reduce the cost of texts by purchasing used copies, reselling them at the end of the semester to the bookstore, or sharing them.

In addition, some book chapters and journal articles will be assigned. Many other readings will be recommended including books. Students are encouraged to occasionally read journal articles or book chapters, view extra videos, and explore web sites recommended in the syllabus and during classes.

Students who take advantage of as many of the resources provided in this course as feasible will obtain a systematic and thorough overview of the subject; those who do not are short-changing their own education and future. Students who are not prepared to make a substantial investment of time and effort in this course should drop it immediately rather than wait until the end of the semester to receive a poor grade or even fail.

If any student feels the need for reasonable accommodations because of the impact of a disability, then they should contact the KOKUA Program in QLCSS 013 (phones 956-7511 or 956-7612), or speak to the instructor in private to discuss specific needs. The instructor is quite willing to collaborate with any student and KOKUA about access needs related to a documented disability.
Students can avoid getting lost among the trees in the forest of the Schedule, readings, and other course materials by keeping in focus the specific pivotal question and primary issue identified under each of the five approaches. Before presenting the Schedule, to help students maintain foci here is a brief summary of the syllabus so far.

SUMMARY

This course surveys five primary approaches in ecological anthropology to studying how culture influences the interaction between humans and nature— primate, cultural, historical, political, and spiritual ecology.

Most approaches will be covered through a combination of a background video, overview lecture with PowerPoint, case study from the instuctor’s research presented as an illustrated lecture, class discussion of assigned readings, and student panel discussions of a set of related book-length case studies.

Four textbooks and a few selected articles or book chapters are required as reading.

The final grade for the course will be based on four quizzes and a final examination composed of take-home essays which are already identified at the end of the syllabus, a panel discussion and co-authored follow-up written report, and class attendance and participation.

SCHEDULE:
PART I: INTRODUCTION

August
24 T Orientation to syllabus, instructor, and students

PowerPoint Lecture: Intellectual Journeys from Indiana to Thailand and in between

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PART II: BACKGROUND

26 Th PowerPoint Lecture: Ecocide of Ecosanity?:
Toward an Ecological Anthropology of Diversity

Recommended web sites on training in ecological and environmental anthropology:

Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change, Indiana University

http://www.indiana.edu/~act/

Anthropology and Environment Section, American Anthropoological Association

http://www.aaanet.org (Click on Section Interest Groups > Anthropology and Environment Section).

Ecological Anthropology Program, University of Florida

http://www.anthro.ufl.edu

Ecological Anthropology Program, University of Hawai`i

http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu

Ecological and Environmental Anthropology, University of Georgia

http://www.anthro.dac.uga.edu

Ecological and Environmental Graduate Concentration, University of Arizona

http://www.arizona.edu/anthro/

Environmental Anthropology, Conservation Biology, and Ethnobotany, University of Kent, Canterbury, England

http://www.ukc.ac.uk/anthropology

Environmental Anthropology Program, Rutgers University

http://anthro.rutgers.edu

Environmental Anthropology, University of Washington,Seattle

http://www.anthro.washington.edu/

Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University

http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/humanecology.html

Human Evolutionary Ecology Program, University of New Mexico

http://www.unm.edu/~anthro

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31T Video: The Future of Life (V1144,47 min.)

Recommended videos:

Listen to the Forest [Hawai`i] (9093, 55 min.)

Web of Life (VHS 12109,58 min.)

Recommended reading:

Franz J. Broswimmer, 2002, Ecocide: A Short History of the Mass Extinction of Species, Sterling, VA: Pluto Press.

Horigan, S., 1988, Nature and Culture in Western Discourse, New York, NY: Routledge.

Helaine Selin, ed., 2003, Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Edward O. Wilson, 1989, “Threats to Biodiversity,” Scientific American 261(3):108-117.

Edward O. Wilson, 2003, The Future of Life, New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.

Recommended web sites:

Center for International Earth Science Information Network

http://www.ciesin.org

Columbia Earthscape: An Online Resource on the Global Environment

http://www.earthscape.org

E.The Environmental Magazine

http://www.emagazine.com

The Earth Times

http://www.earthtimes.org

World Resources Institute

http://www.wri.org

World Watch Institute

http://www.worldwatch.org

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September
2Th Introduction: Anthropological Approaches to Studying the Dynamics of Human-Environment Interactions through Space and Time

Discussion of required reading: Crumley Introduction, Marten Preface & 1, Sutton-Anderson Preface & 1, Townsend Preface & 1

Recommended reading:

William Balee, 1996, “Anthropology,” in Greening the College Curriculum: A Guide to Environmental Teaching in the Liberal Arts, Jonathan Collett and Stephen Karakashian, eds., Washington, D.C.: Island Press, pp. 24-49.

L.E. Sponsel, 1987, “Cultural Ecology and Environmental Education,” Journal of Environmental Education 19(1):31-42.

James Lett, 1997, Science, Reason, and Anthropology: The Principles of Rational Inquiry, Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

E.S. Rogers, ed., 1960, The Education of Human Ecologists, London, UK: Charles Knight.

G.L. Young, ed., 1983, Origins of Human Ecology, Stroudsburgh, PA: Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co.

Recommended web sites and periodicals:

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics QH540 .A53

Human Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Journal GF 1 .H84

http://maxweber.hunter.cuny.edu/anthro/ecology.html

Journal of Ecological Anthropology

http://www.fiu.edu/~jea/statement.html

Journal of Ethnobiology GN 476.7 .J68

http://ethnobiology.org/journal

Studies in Environmental Anthropology, Gordon and Breach Publishers

http://www.gbhap.com

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7T Fundamentals of Ecology

Video: World Population (VHS 7718, 6.5 min.)

Recommended videos:

Human Tide (VHS 13561 60 min.)

Paul Ehrlich and the Population Bomb (VHS 14697, 60 min.)

Required reading: SA 2-3, T 9

Recommended reading:

Annonymous, Spring 1997, “Eugene Odum: An Ecologist’s Life,”
http://www.gactr.uga.edu/gcq/gcqspr97/odum.html.

Warren Hern, 1998, “ Is Human Culture Carcinogenic for Uncontrolled Population Growth and Ecological Destruction?,” BioScience 43:768-773.

Eugene P. Odum, “Great Ideas in Ecology in the 1990s,” BioScience
42(7):542-545.

L.E. Sponsel, 1985, “Book Review Malthus: Past and Present, Jacques Dupaquier, editor,” American Anthropologist 87(3):678-680.

G.D. Stone, 2001, “Malthus, Agribusiness and the Death of the Peasantry,” Current Anthropology 42(4):575-478.

Robert G. Bailey, 1996, Ecosystem Geography, New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.

Edward J. Kormondy, 1995, Concepts of Ecology, Englewood-Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall (Fourth Edition).

Bjorn-Ola Linner, 2003, The Return of Malthus: Environmentalism and Post-War Population-Resource Crises, Cambridge, UK: The White Horse Press.

D.H. Meadows, et al., 1972, The Limits to Growth, New York, NY: Universe Books.

Stephen Molnar and Iva M. Molnar, 2000, Environmental Change and Human Survival: Some Dimensions of Human Ecology, Upper Sdalle river, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Emilio F. Moran, ed., 1984, The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology, Bouder, CO: Westview Press.

Emilio F. Moran, 2000, Human Adaptability: An Introduction to Ecological Anthropology, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

World Resources Institute, et al., 2000, World Resources 2000-2001: People and Ecosystems— The Fraying Web of Life, Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute.

Recommended web sites:

Ecological Society of America

http://www.esa.org

La Suerte and Ometepe Biological Field Stations

http://www.lasuerte.org

School for Field Studies

http://www.fieldstudies.org

T. Malthus’ Home Page

http://www.faculty.rsu.edu/~felwell/Theorists/Malthus/Index.htm

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9Th Continued discussion of required reading: M 3-8

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PART III: PRIMATE ECOLOGY

14T PowerPoint Lecture: Why Aren't Humans Chimpanzees? S 1

Issue: Do ethics and morality have any place in scientific primatology?

Recommended video: Search for the Great Apes (VHS 2785, 60 min.)

Recommended reading:

Loretta A. Cormier, 2000, “Monkey Ethnobotany: Preserving Biocultural Diversity in Amazonia,” in Ethnobiology and Biocultural Diversity, John R. Stepp, Felice S. Wundham, and Rebecca K. Zarger, eds., Athens, GA: International Society of Ethnobiology/University of Georgia Press, pp. 313-325.

Randall Peffer, 1989 (January), “On Malay Peninsula Picking Coconuts Is Monkey Business,” Smithsonian 19(10):110-112,114,116-119.

L.E. Sponsel, Nukul Ruttanadakul, and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 2002, “Monkey Business? The Conservation Implications of Macaque Ethnoprimatology in Southern Thailand,” in Primates Face to Face: The Conservation Implications of Human-Nonhuman Primate Interconnections, Agustin Fuentes and Linda Wolfe, eds., New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 288-309. (On reserve in Sinclair Library).

Loretta A. Cormier, 2003, Kinship with Monkeys: The Guaja Foragers of Eastern Amazonia, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

John Knight, ed., 2001, Natural Enemies: People-Wildlife Conflicts, New York, NY: Routledge.

John Knight, ed., 2004, Wildlife in Asia: Cultural Perspectives, New York, NY: Routledge/Curzon.

Ramona Morris, and Desmond Morris, 1968, Men and Apes, London, UK: Hutchinson.

Jeffrey A. McNeely, and Paul Spencer Sochaczewski, 1995, Soul of the Tiger: Searching for Nature’s Answers in Exotic Southeast Asia, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney, 1987, The Monkey as Mirror: Symbolic Transformations in Japanese Culture and History, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Bruce P. Wheatley, 1999, The Sacred Monkeys of Bali, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.

Recommended web sites:

African Primates at Home

http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/primates.html

The Jane Goodall Institute

http://www.janegoodall.org

Primate Information Center, University of Wisconsin

http://pin.primate.wisc.edu

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PART IV: CULTURAL ECOLOGY

21T Video: An Ecology of the Mind (Millennium Part 4, VHS 6355, 60 min.)

Recommended videos:

Ahuapua`a Fishponds and Lo`i (VHS 7194, 90 min.)

Baka (African Pygmies) (VHS 3354, 50 min.)

To Find the Baruya Story (Maurice Godelier fieldwork in PNG)(VHS 1677, 59 min.)

The Nuer (Sudan pastoralists)(VHS 7624, 90 min.)

Sakuddei (Indonesia foragers) (VHS 1706, min.)

Shadows in the Forest (Efe in central African forest)( VHS 18392, 60 min.)

Recommended reading:

Zhong Gongfu,1982, “The Mulberry-Dike-Fish Pond Complex,” Human Ecology 10(2):191-202.

Gary Paul Nabhan, 1997, Cultures of Habitat: One Nature, Culture, and Story, Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint.

Robert M. Netting, 1986, Cultural Ecology, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc.

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23Th PowerPoint Lecture:

How Can Humans Be Both Apart of and Apart from Nature?

Issue: Is a materialist approach more valid and useful than a mentalist one to understand human ecology?

Required reading:

L.E. Sponsel, “Ecological Anthropology,” in The Dictionary of Anthropology, Thomas Barfield, ed., Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 305-307. (Available as class handout).

Recommended reading:

E.N. Anderson, 2002, “New Textbooks Show Ecological Anthropology Is Flourishing,” Reviews in Anthropology 31:231-242.

http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/
link.asp?id=4K8ngd7n98a405In

Michael L. Burton, et al., 1986, “Natural Resource Anthropology,” Human Organization 45(3):261-269.

Conrad P. Kottak, 1999, “The New Ecological Anthropology,” American Anthropologist 101(1):23-35.

Robert M. Netting, 1996, “Cultural Ecology,” in Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds., New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co. 1:267-271.

Benjamin S. Orlove and Stephen Brush, 1996, “Anthropology and the Conservation of Biodiversity,” Annual Review of Anthropology 25:329-352.

Shanklin, Eugenia, 1985, “Sustenance and Symbol: Anthropological Studies of Domestic Animals,” Annual Review of Anthropology 14:375-403.

L.E. Sponsel, 1994, “Environmental Management at the Community and National Levels,” in Asia’s New Initiatives in the 1990s: The Peace Process, Economic Cooperation, Management of the Environment, Tokyo: The United Nations University Japan-ASEAN Forum II, pp. 234-257. (On reserve in Sinclair Library).

Julian H. Steward, 1955, “The Concept and Method of Cultural Ecology,” in his Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, pp. 30-42.

Julian H. Steward, 1968, “Cultural Ecology,” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, David Sills, ed., New York, NY: Macmillan 4:337-344.

Andrew P. Vayda, 1983, “Progressive Contextualization: Methods for Research in Human Eoclogy,” Human Ecology 11(3):265-426.

Andrew P. Vayda and Roy A. Rappaport, 1968, “Ecology: Cultural and Non-Cultural,” in Introduction to Cultural Anthropology, James A. Clifton, ed., Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., pp. 477-497.

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28T Continued

Recommended reading:

Cristina Eghenter, 2000, “What is Tana Ulen Good For? Considerations on Indigenous Forest Management, Conservation, and Research in the Interior of Indonesian Borneo,” Human Ecology 28(3):331-358.

Jefferson Fox, et al., 2000 (June), “Shifting Cultivation: A New Paradigm for Managing Tropical Forests,” BioScience 50(6):521-528.

Clemens M. Grunbuhel, et al., 2003, “Socioeconomic Metabolism and Colonization of Natural Processes in Sang Saeng Village: Material and Energy Flows, Land Use, and Cultural Change in Northeast Thailand,” Human Ecology 31(1):53-86.

Leah Sophie Horowitz, 1998, “Integrating Indigenous Resource Management with Wildlife Conservation: A Case Study of Batang Ai National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia,” Human Ecology 26(3):371-404.

Richard R. Marcus, 2001, “Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Integrated Conservation and Development Projects and Local Perceptions of Conservation in Madagascar,” Human Ecology 29(4):381-399.

Richard Pace, 2004, “Failed Guardianship or Failed Metaphors in the Brazilian Amazon? Problems with “Imagined Eco-communities and other Metaphors and Models for the Amazon Peasantries,” Journal of Anthropological Research 60:231-260.

Danield G. Bates and Susan H. Lees, eds., 1996, Case Studies in Human Ecology, New York, NY: Plenum Press.

John W.Bennett, 1969, Northern Plainsmen: Adaptive Strategy and Agrarian Life, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Bruun, Ole, and Arne Kalland, eds., 1995, Asian Perceptions of Nature: A Critical Approach, Richmond, UK: Curzon Press.

Donald P. Cole, 1975, Nomads of the Nomads: The Al Murrah Bedouin of the Empty Quarter, Arlington Heights, IL: AHM Publishing Corporation.

Harold Conklin, 1957, Hanunoo Agriculture: A Report on an Integrated System of Shifting Cultivation in the Philippines, Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization.

Philippe Descola and Gisli Palsson, eds., 1996, Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives, New York, NY: Routledge.

Michael R. Dove, 1985, Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantu, Berlin, germany: Mouton.

Frederick L. Dunn, 1975, Rainforest Collectors and Traders: A Study of Resource Utilization in Modern and Ancient Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Monographs of the Asian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 5.

Peter D. Dwyer, 1990, The Pigs that Ate the Garden: A Human Ecology from New Guinea, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Edgerton, Robert B., 1992, Sick Societies: The Myth of Primitive Harmony, New York, NY: Free Press.

Roy F. Ellen, 1982, Environment, Subsistence, and System: The Ecology of Small-Scale Social Formations, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Roy F. Ellen, and Katsuyoshi Fukui, ed.s, 1996, Redefining Nature: Ecology, Culture and Domestication,

Carl Folke, and Fikret Berkes, eds., 198, Linking Social and Ecological Systems, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Carol Ireson-Doolittle, and Geraldine Moreno-Black, 2004, The Lao: Gender, Power, and Livelihood, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Gary A. Klee, ed., 1980, World Systems of Traditional Resource Management, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Peter Kunstadter, E.C. Chapman, and Sanga Sabhasri, eds., 1978, Farmers in the Forest: Economic Development and Marginal Agriculture in Northern Thailand, Honolulu, HI: East-West Center Book.

Melissa Leach, 1994, Rainforest Relations: Gender and Resource Use among the Mende of Gola, Sierra Leone, Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.

Richard B. Lee, 1979, !Kung San: Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Stuart A. Marks, 1976, Large Mammals and a Brave People: Subsistence Hunters in Zambia, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

Gerald G. Marten, 1986, Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia: A Human Ecology Perspective, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Robert M. Netting, 1968, Hill Farmers of Nigeria: The Cultural Ecology of the Kofyar of the Jos Plateau, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.

Robert M. Netting, 1993, Small Holders, Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive Sustainable Agriculture, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Anthony Oliver-Smith, and Susanna M. Hoffman, eds., The Angry Earth: Diaster in Anthropological Perspective, New York, NY: Routledge.

Terry A. Rambo, and Percy E. Sajise, eds., 1984, An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia, Honolulu, HI: East-West Center Environment and Policy Institute and University of the Philippines at Los Banos.

Paul Richards, 1985, Indigenous Agricultural Revolution: Ecology and Food Production in West Africa, London, UK: Hutchinson.

Julian H. Steward, 1938, Basin-Plateau Aboriginal Socio-Political Groups, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Janet Gabriel Townsend, 1995, Women’s Voices from the Rainforest, New York, NY: Routledge.

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30Th Case Study: Cultural Ecology of Adjacent Buddhist and Muslim Communities in southern Thailand

Recommended reading:

Fredrik Barth, 1956, “Ecological Relationships of Ethnic Groups in Swat, North Pakistan” American Anthropologist 58:1079-1089.

Awae Masae, and J. Allister McGregor, 1998, “Sustainability of a Fishery in Southern Thailand,” in Environmental Changes in South-East Asia, Victor T. King, ed., Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, pp. 282-304.

L.E. Sponsel, and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 1992, “A Comparison of the Cultural Ecology of Adjacent Muslim and Buddhist Villages in Southern Thailand,” Journal of the National Research Council of Thailand 23(2):31-42. (On reserve in Sinclair Library).

Peter Vandergeest, Mark Flaherty, and Paul Miller, 1995, “A Political Ecology of Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand,” Rural Sociology 64(4):573-596.

John W. Bennett, 1969, Northern Plainsmen: Adaptive Strategy and Agrarian Life, Chicago, IL: Aldine.

Anthony Leeds and Andrew P. Vayda, eds., 1965, Man, Culture and Animals: The Role of Animals in Human Ecological Adjustments, Washington, D.C.: American Association of Science.

Olli-Pekka Ruohomaki, 1999, Fishermen No More? Livelihood and Environment in Southern Thai Maritime Villages, Bangkok, Thailand: White Lotus Co., Ltd.

Siam Society, ed., 1989, Culture and Environment in Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand: Siam Society.

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October
5 T Discussion of required reading:
C 1, 3, & 12, T 2-4, 8, & 10, M 9, SA 4-5

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7 Th *** Panel 1. ***

Recommended web sites:

Anthropological Theories: Ecological Anthropology (Stacy McGrath)

http://www.as.ua.edu/ant/Faculty/murphy/ecologic.htm.

Cultural Ecology (Catherine Marquette)

http://www.indiana.edu/~wanthro/eco.htm

Cultural Survival Quarterly GN 357 .Q37

http://www.cs.org

The Ecologist QH 540 .N38

http://www.theecologist.org

Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor

http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm

Institute for Cultural Ecology (David Adams)

http://www.cultural-ecology.com

International Society of Ethnobiology

http://guallart.dac.uga.edu/ISE/

Society for Ethnobiology

http://ethnobiology.org

Talking Leaves: A Journal of Our Evolving Ecological Cultural

http://www.talkingleaves.org

Terra Lingua

http://www.terralingua.org

_________________________________________________________________

PART V: HISTORICAL ECOLOGY

12 T *** Quiz 1 due ***

Video: The Turtle People (VHS 8508, 26 min.)

Recommended videos:

Red Turtle Rising (VHS 18617, 52 min.)

Shark Callers of Kontu (VHS 4411, 54 min.)

Surviving Columbus: The Story of the Pueblo People (VHS 9464, min.)

Recommended reading:

William Cronon, 1993, “The Uses of Environmental History,” Environmental History Review 16(2):10-22.

William Denevan, 1992, “The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82(3):369-385.

Richard H. Grove, 1992, “Origins of Western Environmentalism,” Scientific American 267(1):42-47.

Thomas N. Headland, et al., 1997, “Revisionism in Ecological Anthropology,” Current Anthropology 38(4):605-630.

Melissa Leach and James Fairhead, 2002, “Anthropology, Culture, Environment,” in Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines, Jeremy MacClancy, ed., Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 209-226.

Donald Worster, 1988, “Appendix: Doing Environmental History,” in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 289-307.

Donald Worster, 1990, “The Ecology or Order and Chaos,” Environmental History Review 14(1/2):1-18.

Adger, W.N., P.M. Kelly, and N.H. Ninh, eds., 2001, Living with Environmental Change: Social Resilience, Adaptation and Vulnerability in Vietnam, New York, NY: Routledge.

William Balee, 1994, Footprints of the Forest: Ka’apor Ethnobotany— The Historical Ecology of Plant Utilization by an Amazonian People, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Peter Coates, 1998, Nature: Western Attitudes Since Ancient Times, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

William Cronon, 1983, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England, New York, NY: Hill and Wang.

William Cronon, ed., 1995, Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, New York, NY: W.W. Norton.

Alfred W. Crosby, Jr., 1972, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Alfred W. Crosby, Jr., 1993, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Carole Crumley, ed., 1994, Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes, Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research.

Diamond, Jared, 1999, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co.

James Fairhead and Melissa Leach, 1996, Misreading the African Landscape: Society and Ecology in a Forest-Savanna Mosaic, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Tim F. Flannery, 1995, Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People,New York, NY: George Braziller.

James J. Fox, 1977, Harvest of the Palm: Ecological Change in Eastern Indonesia, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Madhav Gadgil, and Ramachandra Guha, 1992, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Clifford Geertz, 1963, Agricultural Involution: The Process of Ecological Change in Indonesia, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Paul Greenough, and Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, eds., 2003, Nature in the Global South: Environmental Projects in South and Southeast Asia, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Richard H. Grove, Vinita Damodaran, and Satpal Sangwan, eds., 1998, Nature and the Orient: The Environmental History of South and Southeast Asia, Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

Lucien M. Hanks, 1972, Rice and Man: Agricultural Ecology in Southeast Asia, Arlington Heights, IL: AHM Publishing Co.

J. Donald Hughes, 1975, Ecology of Ancient Civilizations, Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

J. Donald Hughes, 2001, An Environmental History of the World: Humankind’s Changing Role in the Community of Life, New York, NY: Routledge.

Arne Kalland, 1995, Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Shepard Krech III, 1999, The Ecological Indian: Myth and History, New York, NY: W.W. Norton.

Valerie L. Kuletz, 1998, The Tainted Desert: Environmental and Social Ruin in the American West, New York, NY: Routledge.

Calvin Martin, 1978, Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

J.R. McNeil, 2000, An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World, New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc.

Clive Ponting, 1991, A Green History of the World: The Environment and Collapse of Great Civilizations, New York, NY: Penguin Books.

Charles L. Redman, 1999, Human Impact on Ancient Environments, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Simron Jit Singh, 2003, In the Sea of Influence: A World System Perspective of the Nicobar Islands, Lund, Sweeden: Lund University Human Ecology Division.

Vaclav Smil, 1984, The Bad Earth: Environmental Degradation in China, London, UK: Zen Books, Ltd.

Michael Soule, and Gary Lease, eds., 1994, Renventing Nature? Responses to Postmodern Deconstructionism, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Richard L. Stevens, 1993, The Trail: A History of the Ho Chi Minh Trail and the Role of Nature in the War in Viet Nam, New York, NY: Garland.

Jo Anne van Tiburg, 1995, Easter Island: Archaeology, Ecology, and Culture, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

C. Vecsey, and R.W. Venables, eds., 1980, American Indian Environments: Ecological Issues in Native American History, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

Donald Worster, 1994, Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

_________________________________________________________________

19 T Discussion of required reading: C 4 & 10, SA 6-9, T 5-6

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21 Th Case Study 1: The Ecological Transition in Thailand

Case Study 2: Wooded Meadows in Estonia

Required reading:

L.E.Sponsel, 1998, “The Historical Ecology of Thailand: Increasing Thresholds of Human Environmental Impact from Prehistory to the Present,” in Advances in Historical Ecology, William Balee, ed., New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 376-404 at:

http://www.earthscape.org/r3/ES14449/balee.html

Recommended reading:

John W. Bennett, 1976, “The Ecological Transition: From Equilibrium to Disequilibrium,” The Ecological Transition: Cultural Anthropology and Human Adaptation, Elmsford, NY: Pergamn Press, pp. 123-155.

Leo A. Despres, 1994, “An Interview with John Bennett,” Current Anthropology 35(5):653-664.

T. Forsythe, 1996, “Science, Myth, and Knowledge: Testing Himalayan Environmental Degradation in Thailand,” Geoforum 27:375-392.

Peter Kunstadter, 1989, “The End of the Frontier: Culture and Environment Interactions in Thailand,” Culture and Environment in Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand: Siam Society, pp. 543-552.

Philip Hirsch, ed., 1996, Seeing Forests for Trees: Environment and Environmentalism in Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books.

Michael Williams, 2002, Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

_________________________________________________________________

26 T *** Panel 2. ***

Recommended web sites:

American Society for Environmental History

http://www.h-net.org/~environ/ASEH/welcome_IE4.html

Association for Environmental Archaeology

http://www.envarch.net

Environment history bibliography, Duke University

http://www.lib.duke.edu/forest/ehback.html

European Society for Environmental History

http://www.eseh.org

Recommended journals:

Forest and Conservation History (1990-1995) SD 140 .F6

Environmental History (1996- ) GE 1 .E585

Environmental Review (1976-1989) HM 206 .E58

Environmental History Review (1990-1995) HM 206 .E58

Forest History (1959-1974) SD 140 .F6

Journal of Forest History (1975-1989) SD 140 .F6
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PART VI: POLITICAL ECOLOGY

28 Th Video: Mini-Dragons II: Thailand (VHS 10571, 60 min.)

Recommended videos:

Amazon Journal (VHS 15243, min.)

Blowpipes and Bulldozers: The Story of the Penan Tribe and Bruno Manser (Borneo) (VHS 1332, min.)

Contact: Yanomami Indians of Brazil (VHS 4962, min.)

Earth First: The Struggle to Save Australia’s Rain Forest (VHS #2635, 58 min.)

Gertrude Blom: Guardian of the Forest (Maya, Yucatan) (VHS 6611, min.)

First Contact (Australian miners in Papua New Guinea) (VHS 4397, min).

The Hmong Hill Tribe People of Laos (VHS 9903)

To Protect Mother Earth (Shoshone)(VHS #5413, 59 min.)

_________________________________________________________________

November
2 T HOLIDAY: Election Day

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4 Th *** Quiz 2 due ***

PowerPoint Lecture:

Can Genuine Social and Environmental Justice Restore Ecosanity?

Issue: Is reasearch in political ecology itself political?

Required reading:

James B. Greenberg and Thomas K. Park, 1994, “Political Ecology,” Journal of Political Ecology 1(1):1-12 at:

http://www.library.arizona.edu/ej/jpe/jpeweb.html

Paul E. Little, 1999, “Environmentalists and Environmentalisms in Anthropological Research: Facing a New Millennium,” Annual Review of Anthropology 28:253-284 at:
http://uhmanoa.lib.hawaii.edu (Basic Search > Annual Review of Anthropology > Current Issues > October 1999 v. 28 > Paul E. Little > Full Text > PDF).

Recommended reading:

Daniel Bates, and T.K. Rudel, 2000, “The Political Ecology of Conserving Tropical Rain Forests: A Cross-National Analysis,” Society and Natural Resources, 13:619-634.

Beresford, M., and L. Fraser, 1992, “Political Economy of the Environment in Vietnam,” Journal of Contemporary Asia 22:3-19.

P. Blaikie, 1995, “Changing Environments or Changing Views? A Political Ecology for Developing Countries,” Geography 80:203-214.

R. Broad, 1995, “The Political Economy of Natural Resources: Case Studies of the Indonesian and Philippine Forest Sectors,” The Journal of Developing Areas 29:317-340.

Peter J. Brosius, 1997, “Endangered Forest, Endangered People: Environmentalist Representations of Indigenous Knowledge,” Human Ecology 25(1):47-70.

Peter J. Brosius, 1999, “Analyses and Interventions: Anthropolgoical Engagements with Environmentalism,” Current Anthropology 40(3):277-309.

Peter J. Brosius, 1999,“Green Dots, Pink Hearts: Displacing Politics from the Malaysian Rain Forest,” American Anthropologist 101(1):36-57.

Peter J. Brosius, Ann Lowenhaupt Tsing, and Charles Zerner, 1998, “Representing Communities: Histories and Politics of Community-based Natural Resource Management,” Society and Natural Resources 11(2):157-168.

Raymond L. Bryant, 1992, “Political Ecology: An Emerging Research Agenda,” Political Geography 11(1):12-36.

Gerard Clarke, 2001, “From Ethnocide to Ethnodevelopment? Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Southeast Asia,” Third World Quarterly 22(3):413-436.

P. Dauvergne, 1993/1994, “The Politics of Deforestation in Indonesia,” Pacific Affairs 66:497-518.

Henry D. Delcore, 2003, “Nongovernmental Organizations and the Work of Memory in Northern Thailand,” American Ethnologist 30(1):61-84.

Michael Dove, 1983, “Theories of Swidden Agriculture and the Political Economy of Ignorance,” Agroforestry Systems 1:85-99.

Michael Dove, 1993, “A Revisionist View of Tropical Deforestation and Development,” Environmental Conservation 20(1):17-24, 56.

H.M. Enzensberger, 1974, “A Critique of Political Ecology,” New Left Review 84:3-31.

Arturo Escobar, 1999, “After Nature: Steps to an Anti-Essentialist Political Ecology,” Current Anthropology 40(1):1-30.

Ramachandra Guha, 1997, “The Authoritarian Biologist and the Arrogance of Anti-Humanism: Wildlife Conservation in the Third World,” The Ecologist 27(1):14-20.

Garrett Hardin, 1968, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science 162:1243-1248.

T. Hayward, 1994, “The Meaning of Political Ecology,” Radical Philosophy 66:11-20.

Hershkovitz, L., 1993, “Political Ecology and Environmental Management in the Loess Plateau, China,” Human Ecology 21:327-353.

Philip Hirsch, and Larry Lohmann, 1989, “Contemporary Politics of Environment in Thailand,” Asian Survey 29:439-451.

Robert K. Hitchcock, 1994, “International Human Rights, the Environment and Indigenous People,” Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law 5(1):1-22.

Thomas Homer-Dixon, et al., 1993, “Environmental Change and Violent Conflict,” Scientific American 268(2):38-45.

Neil L. Jamieson, Le Trong Cuc, and A. Terry Rambo, 1998 (November), “The Development Crisis in Vietnam’s Mountains,” Honolulu, HI: East-West Center Special Reports Number 6.

Barbara Rose Johnston, 1995, “Human Rights and the Environment,” Human Ecology 23:111-123.

Larry Lohmann, 1993, “Green Orientalism,” The Ecologist 23(6):202-204.

Larry Lohmann, 1999, “Forest Cleansing: Racial Oppression in Scientific Nature Conservation,” The Cornerhouse, Briefing No. 13.

R.P. Neumann, 1992, “Political Ecology of Wildlife Conservation in the Mt. Meru Area of Northeast Tanzania,” Land Degradation and Rehabilitation 3:85-98.

J.W. Nicola and E. Viola, 1994, “Integrating Environmentalism and Human Rights,” Environmental Ethics 16(3):265-273.

J. O’Connor, 1988, “Capitalism, Nature, and Socialism: A Theoretical Introduction,” Capitalism, Nature and Socialism 1:11-38.

E. Ostrom, et al., 1999, “Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges,” Science 284(5412):278.

W.Permpongsacharoen, 1992, “Alternatives from the Thai Environmental Movement,” Nature and Resources 28(2):4-13.

Apichai Puntasen, S. Siriprachai, and C. Puyasavatsut, 1992, “Political Economy of Eucalyptus: Business, Bureaucracy, and the Thai Government,” Journal of Contemporary Asia 22:187-206.

Jonathan Rigg, 1991, “Thailand’s Nam Choan Dam Project: A Case Study in the `Greening’ of South-East Asia,” Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 1:42-54.

Jonathan Rigg, 1993, “Forests and Farmers, Lands and Livelihoods: Changing Resource Realities in Thailand,” Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 3:277-289.

Jonathan Rigg, and P. Scott, 1996, “Forest Tales: Politics, Environmental Policies and Their Implementation in Thailand,” in Comparative Environmental Policy and Politics, U. Desai, ed., Albany, NY: State University Press of New York.

Society for Applied Anthropology, 2003 (Fall), “Locating the Political in Political Ecology,” Human Organization 62(3):205-298 (special issue).

Leslie E. Sponsel, 2000, “Identities, Ecologies, Rights, and Futures: All Endangered,” in Endangered Peoples of Southeast and East Asia, Leslie E. Sponsel, ed., Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,pp. 1-22.

Susan Stonich, 1992, “Struggling with Honduran Poverty: The Environmental Consequences of Natural Resource Based Development and Rural Transformations,” World Development 20:383-399.

Ann Danaiya Usher, 1994, “After the Forest: AIDS as Ecological Collapse in Thailand,” Thai Development Newsletter 26:20-32.

B.B. Walters and Andrew P. Vayda, 1999, “Against Political Ecology,” Human Ecology 27(1):167-179.

Eric R. Wolf, 1972, “Ownership and Political Ecology,” Anthropolgoical Quarterly 45:201-205.

Saleem H. Ali, 2003, Mining, the Environment, and Indigenous Development Conflicts, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Adrian Atkinson, 1991, Principles of Political Ecology, London, UK: Belhaven Press.

W. Bello, S. Cunningham, and L.K. Poh, 1998, A Siamese Tragedy: Development and Disintegration in Thailand, London, UK: Zed Books.

John H. Bodley, 1999, Victims of Progress, Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.

Raymond L. Bryant, 1997, The Political Ecology of Forestry in Burma, 1824-1994, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Raymond L. Bryant, and S. Bailey, 1997, Third World Political Ecology, New York, NY: Routledge. (See “A Guide to Further Reading” on pp. 197-201).

Chris Coggins, 2003, The Tiger, the Pangolin: Nature, Culture and Conservation in China, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Marcus Colchester, 1989, Pirates, Squatters, and Poachers: The Political Ecology of Dispossession of the Native Peoples of Sarawak, London, UK: Survival International.

J. Friedmann, and H. Rangan, eds., 1993, In Defense of Livelihood: Comparative Studies in Environmental Action, West Hartfoed, CT: Kumarian Press.

Clark C. Gibson, 1999, Politians and Poachers: The Political Economy of Wildlife Policy in Africa, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Stefan Gossling, ed., 2003,Tourism and Development in Tropical Islands: Political Ecology Perspectives, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishers.

Donald A. Grinde, and Bruce E. Johansen, 1995, Ecocide of Native America: Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples, Santa Fe, NM: Clear Light Publishers.

R. Grundemann, 1991, Marxism and Ecology, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Ramachandra Guha, 2000, Unquiet Woods: Eoclogical Change and Peasant Resistance in the Himalayas, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Philip Hirsch, 1993, Political Economy of Environment in Thailand, Manila, Philippines: Journal of Contemporary Asia Publishers.

Philip Hurst, 1990, Rainforest Politics: Ecological Destruction in South-East Asia, London, UK: Zed Books, Ltd.

Barbara Rose Johnston, ed., 1994, Who Pays the Price? Examining the Sociocultural Context of Environmental Crisis, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Barbara Rose Johnston, ed., Life and Death Matters: Human Rights and the Environment at the End of the Millennium, Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.

Josh Karliner, 1997, The Corporate Planet: Ecology and Politics in the Age of Globalization, San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

Charles E. Kay, and Randy T. Simmons, 2002, Wilderness and Political Ecology: Aboriginal Influences and the Original State f Nature, Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press.

Leungaramsri, P., and N. Rajesh, N., 1992, The Future of People and Forests in Thailand after the Logging Ban, Bangkok, Thailand: Project for Ecological Recovery.

Nicholas Low, 1998, Justice, Society and Nature: An Exploration of Political Ecology, New York, NY: Routledge.

Tuck-Po Lye, et al., eds., 2003, The Political Ecology of Tropical Forests in Southeast-Asia: Historical Perspectives, Kyoto, Japan: Kyoto University Press.

Catherine Magallanes, J. Irons, and Malcom Hollick, eds., 1995, Land Conflicts in Southeast Asia: Indigenous Peoples, Environment and International Law, Bangkok, Thailand: White Lotus Press.

Bonnie McCay and James Acheson, eds., 1987, The Question of the Commons: A Cultural Ecology of Communal Resources, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Carolyn Merchant, 1992, Radical Ecology: The Search for a Livable World, New York, NY: Routledge.

R.P. Neumann, 1998, Imposing Wilderness: Struggles over Lievelihood and Nature Preservation in Africa, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

John F. Oates, 1999, Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest: How Conservation Strategies Are Failing in West Africa, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

E. Ostrom, 1990, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Michael J.G. Parnwell, and Raymond L. Bryant, eds., 1996, Environmental Change in South-East Asia: People, Politics, and Sustainable Development, New York, NY: Routledge.

Richard Peet, and Michael Watts, eds., 1996, Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, and Social Movements, New York, NY: Routledge.

Nancy Peluso, 1994, Rich Forests, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Nancy Peluso and Michael Watts, eds., 2001, Violent Environments, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Debra Picchi, 2000, The Bakairi Indians of Brazil: Politics, Ecology and Change, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.

Mark Poffenberger, ed., 1990, Keepers of the Forest: Land Management Alternatives in Southeast Asia, Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

A. Terry Rambo, Kathleen Gillogly, and Karl L. Hutterer, eds., 1988, Ethnic Diversity and the Control of Natural Resources in Southeast Asia, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies Paper No. 32.

Paul Richards, 1996, Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra Leone, Portsmouth, NH: Heineman.

Jonathan Rigg, ed., 1995, Counting the Costs: Economic Growth and Environmental Change in Thailand, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies.

D. Rocheleau, B. Thomas-Slayter, and E. Wangari, eds., 1996, Feminist Political Ecology, London, UK: Routledge.

Annabel Rodda, 1991, Woman and Environment, London, UK: Zed Books.

Ira Rohter, 1992, A Green Hawai`i: Sourcebook for Development Alternatives, Honolulu, HI: Na Kane O Ka Malo Press.

Vandana Shiva, 1997, The Violence of the Green Revolution: Third World Agriculture, Eoclogy and Politics, New York, NY: Zed Books.

Susan Stonich, 1993, “I am Destroying the Land!”: The Political Ecology of Poverty and Environmental Destruction in Honduras, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Bron Raymond Taylor, ed., 1995, Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular Environmentalism, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, 1993, In the Realm of the Diamond Queen: Marginality in an Out-of-the-Way Place, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

B. Weinberg, 1991, War on the Land: Ecology and Politics in Central America, London, UK: Zed Books.

George Wenzel, 1991, Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Eocnomy, and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic, Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.

E.N. Wilmsen, 1989, Land Filled with Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Charles Zerner, ed., 2000, People, Plants and Justice: The Politics of Nature Conservation, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Charles Zerner, ed., 2003, Culture and the Question of Rights: Forests, Coasts, and Seas in Southeast Asia, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

_________________________________________________________________

9T Discussion of required readings: C 5-8 & 13

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11Th HOLIDAY: Veteran’s Day

_________________________________________________________________

16T *** Panel 3. ***

Recommended web sites:

EarthFirst!

http://www.earthfirst.org

Green Party

http://www.greens.org

Greenpeace

http://www.greenpeace.org

Institute for Social Ecology

http://www.social-ecology.org

Project Underground

http://www.moles.org

Rainforest Action Network

http://www.ran.org

Recommended journals:

Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography G1 .A68

Capitalism, Nature, Socialism: A Journal of Socialist Ecology, and The Center for Political Ecology

http://members.cruzio.com/~cns/

Environmental Politics

Political Anthropology 1975-76 JA 26 .P63, 1983-89 GN 492 .P65

Political and Legal Anthropology 1991- GN 492 .P65

Political Geography JC 319 .P62

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PART VII: SPIRITUAL ECOLOGY

18Th No class meeting. Special assignment: Write a one-page typed single-spaced reaction to one of the following recommended videos.

Baraka (LDVD 1930, 104 min., DVD 0814 104 min.)

The Goddess and the Computer (VHS 4047, 50 min.)

In the Light of Reverence (VHS 18873, 73 min.)

Keeping the Faith (VHS 13215, 40 min.)

Ladakh (VHS 11602, 86 min.)

Spirit and Nature (VHS 5326, 88 min.)

The Wilderness Idea (John Muir, Gifford Pinchot, and the First Great Battle for Wilderness) (VHS 17105, 58 min.)

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

23T No class meeting. Special assignment: Write a one-page typed single-spaced reaction paper to one of the following recommended readings or web sites.

Recommended reading:

Bruce A. Byers, Robert N. Cunliffe, and Andrew T. Hudak, 2001, “Linking the Conservation of Culture and Nature: A Case Study of Sacred Forests in Zimbabwe,” Human Ecology 29)2):187-218.

Johan Colding and Carl Folke, 1997, “The Relations Among Threatened Species, Their Protection, and Taboos,” Conservation Ecology [online journal] 1(1):article 6, pp. 1-13.

http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol1/iss1/art6/

Susan M. Darlington, 1998, “The Ordination of a Tree: The Buddhist Ecology Movement in Thailand,” Ethnology 37(1):1-15.

Theodore C. Foin, and William G. Davis, 1984, “Ritual and Self-Regulation of the Tsembaga Maring Ecosystem in the New Guinea Highlands,” Human Ecology 12(4):385-

Stephen J. Lansing, and J.N. Kremer, 1993, “Emergent Properties of Balinese Water Temple Networks,” American Anthropologist 95(1):97-114.

Aiah R. Lebbie and Raymond P. Gurries, 1995, “Ethnobotanical Value and Conservation of Sacred Groves of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,” Economic Botany 49(3):297-308.

Roy A. Rappaport, 1967, “Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations among a New Guinea People,” Ethnology 6:17-30.

Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1976, “Cosmology as Ecological Analysis: A View from the Rain Forest,” Man 11:307-318.

Pei Shengji, 1993, “Managing for Biological Diversity Conservation in Temple Yards and Holy Hills: The Traditional Practices of the Xishuangbana Dai Community, Southwestern China,”
in Ethics, Religion and Biodiversity: Relations Between Conservation and Cultural Values, Lawrence S. Hamilton, ed., Cambridge, UK: The White Horse Press, pp. 118-132.

Sponsel, Leslie E., 2001, “Is Indigenous Spiritual Ecology a New Fad? Reflections from the Historical and Spiritual Ecology of Hawai`i,” in Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, John Grim, ed., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 159-174.

Leslie E. Sponsel, and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 1997, “A Theoretical Analysis of the Potential Contribution of the Monastic Community in Promoting a Green Society in Thailand,” in Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 45-68.

Reed L. Wadley and Carol J. Pierce Colfer, 2004 (June), “Sacred Forest, Hunting, and Conservation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia,” Human Ecology 32(3):313-338.

Yi-Fu Tuan, 1968, “Discrepancies between Environmental Attitude and Behaviour: Examples from Europe and China,” The Canadian Geographer 12(3):176-191.

Yi-Fu Tuan, 1970, “Our Treatment of the Environment in Ideal and Actuality,” American Scientist 58:244-249.

Recommended web sites:

African Ritual and the Environment Conference
http://www.ru.ac.za/anthro2003

Alliance for Religion and Conservation

http://www.arcworld.org

California Institute of Integral Studies

http://www.ciis.edu

Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity

http://www.unep.org/Biodiversity

Earth Island Institute

http://www.earthisland.org

EarthLight: The Magazine of Spiritual Ecology

http://www.earthlight.org

Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature

http://www.religionandnature.com

University of Florida, Department of Religion, Fields of Study, Religion and Nature

http://www.religion.ufl.edu

Forum on Religion and Ecology, Harvard University

http://environment.harvard.edu/religion

Green Earth Foundation

http://www.rmetzner-greenearth.org

Institute for Deep Ecology

http://www.deep-ecology.org

International Society for Environmental Ethics

http://www.cep.unt.edu/ISEE.html

The Mountain Institute

http://www.mountain.org

National Religious Partnership for Environment

http://www.nrpe.org

Places of Peace and Power

http://sacredsites.com

Sacred Land Film Project

http://www.sacredland.org

Sacred Sites International

http://www.sitesaver.org

Schumacher College

http://SchumacherCollege.gn.apc.org

Spiritual Ecology Concentration, Ecological Anthropology Program, University of Hawai`i

http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu

World Heritage Sites/UNESCO

http://whc.unesco.org

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25Th HOLIDAY: Thanksgiving Recess

_________________________________________________________________

30T PowerPoint Lecture: Is Religion the Final Answer to the Ecocrisis?

Issue: Is studying religion unscientific?

Discussion of required reading:

C 9

Bron Taylor, 2005, “Introduction and Reader’s Guide,” The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, B. Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, New York: Continuum Press (and link in essay to “Religious Studies and Environmental Concern.”) at:

http://www.religionandnature.com (Click on “Introduction and Reader’s Guide”).

Gary Gardner, December 2002, “Invoking the Spirit: Religion and Spirituality in the Quest for a Sustainable World,” Worldwatch Paper #164 at:

http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/paper/164/

Recommended periodicals and web sites:

EarthLight: Magazine of Spiritual Ecology NA Hamilton Library

http://www.earthlight.org

Environmental Ethics GF 80 .E59

Resurgence Magazine NA Hamilton Library

http://resurgence.gn.apc.org

ReVision: A Journal of Knowledge and Consciousness BD 161 .R48

The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy QH 540.5 .T8

http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca

Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion BL 65 .N35 W675

http://www.brill.nl/ (Click on journals > Social Sciences > Worldviews)

Recommended reading:

E.N. Anderson, 1996, Ecologies of the Heart: Emotion, Belief, and the Environment, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Frederique Apffel-Marglin, 1999, The Spirit of Regeneraton: Andean Culture Confronting Western Notions of Development, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Zed Books.

Joseph Epes Brown, 1992, Animals of the Soul: Sacred Animals of the Oglala Sioux, Rockport, MA: Element.

Valerio Caleri, 2000, The Forest of Taboos: Morality, Hunting, and Identity among the Huaulu of the Moluccas, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

J. Baird Callicott, and Roger T. Ames, eds., 1989, Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Scott Cunningham, 1995, Hawaiian Religion and Magic, St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publishers.

Philippe Descola, 1993, The Spears of Twilight: Life and Death in the Amazon Jungle, New York, NY: The New Press.

John Einarsen, ed., 1995, The Sacred Mountains of Asia, Boston, MA: Shambhala.

John A. Grim, ed., 2001, Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Gyallay-Pap, Peter, and Ruth Bottomley, eds., 1998, Towards an Environmental Ethic in Southeast Asia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Buddhist Institute.

Lawrence S. Hamilton, ed., 1993, Ethics, Religion and Biodiversity: Relations Between Conservation and Cultural Values, Cambridge, UK: The White Horse Press.

Howard L. Harrod, 2000, The Animals Came Dancing: Native American Sacred Ecology and Animal Kinship, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

Donald J. Hughes, 1983, American Indian Ecology, El Paso, TX: Texas Western Press.

David Kinsley, 1995, Ecological Spirituality in Cross-Cultural Perspective, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Stephen Lansing, 1991, Priests and Programmers: Technologies of Power in the Engineered Landscape of Bali, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

M. Lewis, 1991, Wagering the Land: Ritual, Capital and Environmental Degradation in the Cordillera of Luzon, Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.

Kay Milton, 2002, Loving Nature: Towards an Ecology of Emotion, New York, NY: Routledge.

Richard Nelson, 1983, Make Prayer to the Raven: A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Helena Norberg-Hodge, 1991, Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh, San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.

Martin Palmer, 1996, Travels Through Sacred China, San Francisco, CA: Thorsons.

Darrell A. Posey, et al., eds., 1999, Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity, London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications/UNEP.

http://www.unep.org/Biodiversity/

Gordon Prain, Sam Fujisaka, and Michael D. Warren, eds., 1999, Biological and Cultural Diversity: The Role of Indigenous Agricultural Experimentation in Development, London, UK: Intermediate Technology.

Roy A. Rappaport, 1984, Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1971, Amazonian Cosmos: The Sexual and Religious Symbolism of the Tukano Indians, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1996, Forest Within: The World View of the Tukano Amazonian Indians, Totnes, Devon, UK: Themis.

James A. Swan, 1990, Sacred Places: How the Living Earth Seeks Our Friendship, Santa Fe, NM: Bear & Company Publishing.

Adrian Tanner, 1979, Bringing Home the Animals: Religious Ideology and Mode of Production of Mistassini Cree Hunters, St. John’s, New Foundland: Memorial University Institute of Social and Economic Research Study No. 23.

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December
2Th *** Quiz 3 due ***

PowerPoint Lecture:

Case Study: Illuminating Darkness:
The Monk-Cave-Bat-Ecosystem Complex in Thailand

Required reading:

L.E. Sponsel, et al., 1998, “Sacred and/or Secular Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation in Thailand,” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 2(1):155-167.

Recommended reading:

L.E. Sponsel, and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 2004, “Illuminating Darkness: The Monk-Cave-Bat-Ecosystem Complex In Thailand,” in This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment, Roger S. Gottlieb, ed., New York: Routledge, pp. 134-144. (On reserve in Sinclair Library).

L.E. Sponsel, and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel, 2001, “Why A Tree Is More Than A Tree: Reflections On The Spiritual Ecology Of Sacred Trees In Thailand,” in Santi Pracha Dhamma, Sulak Sivaraksa, et al., eds., Bangkok: Santi Pracha Dhamma Institute, pp. 364-373. (On reserve in Sinclair Library).

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7T *** Panel 4. ***

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PART VIII: CONCLUSIONS

9Th Under What Conditions Might a Sustainable, Green, Just, and Peaceful Society be Possible in the Future?

Issue: Is the ecological future of humanity and the Earth a scientific, political, and/or religious matter?

Discussion of required reading: C 2, SA 10, M 10-12, T 10-12

Recommended videos:

Can Man Survive? (VHS 4360, 28 min.)

The Environmental Revolution (VHS 18653, 50 min.)

From the Heart of the World: The Elder Brother’s Warning (Kogi, Sierra Nevada, Colombia) (VHS #6070, 90 min.)