COURSE: Anthro 423 Social and Cultural Change (Theory)
TIME: 10:30-11:45 TTh, Spring Semester 1998
PLACE: Webster Hall 112, University of Hawaii
INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Les Sponsel, Professor
OFFICE: Porteus Hall 317, 1:00-3:00 Thursdays
Telephone: 956-8507, Email: sponsel@hawaii.edu
ORIENTATION:
The main preoccupations of this course are reflected in the three quotations below:
"Anthropology is not a dispassionate science like astronomy, which springs from the contemplation of things at a distance. It is the outcome of a historical process which has made the larger part of mankind subservient to the other, and during which millions of innocent human beings have had their resources plundered and their institutions and beliefs destroyed, whilst they themselves were ruthlessly killed, thrown into bondage, and contaminated by diseases they were unable to resist. Anthropology is daughter to this era of violence: its capacity to assess more objectively the facts pertaining to the human condition reflects, on the epistemological level, a state of affairs in which 1 part of mankind treated the other as an object" (Claude Levi-Strauss, 1966, "Anthropology: Its Achievements and Future," Current Anthropology 7(2):126).
"Throughout the Western hemisphere, anthropological studies have focused on Native Americans. If there is any topic about which the discipline can claim full, authoritative legitimacy, this should be it. However, anthropologists have yet to systematically address the most vital issues that unequivocally have deeply affected all Native Americans relentlessly since European conquest: threatened extinction by disease, massacre and war; social and cultural disorientation by dislocation, discrimination, forced removal, imprisonment, reeducation and religious conversion; psychological and physical abuse through culture shock, disease, alcoholism and denigration; and economic and political impoverishment, disenfranchisement, corruption and deception. Practically all of these tragic circumstances have resulted from national government policies, which have led to four centuries of deprivation across the breadth of the New World. Today, human and cultural rights of Native Americans throughout the Americas are still debated vigorously" (Paul L. Doughty, 1988, "Crossroads for Anthropology: Human Rights in Latin America," in Human Rights and Anthropology, T.E. Downing and G. Kushner, eds., p. 43).
2.
"With one-third of the world's countries presently engaged in war, and two-thirds regularly practicing human rights abuses in order to control their populations--- not to mention the frequent sporadic and often very destructive instances of explosive communal violence around the world--- two things become evident. First, social scientists, no matter what their field of study, will in all likelihood confront some instances of sociopolitical violence in the field. Understanding these processes is invaluable for surviving them. Second, researchers who chose to focus on sociopolitical violence in any of its guises need viable field methodologies and theoretical frameworks" (Carolyn Nordstrom and JoAnn Martin, 1992, The Paths to Domination, Resistance, and Terror, p. 15).
One reaction to the Nazi atrocities of World War II was the exponential growth in the human rights movement, even though its roots extend much deeper back into history. However, what is not generally recognized is the greater holocaust precipitated throughout the Americas and beyond by five centuries of European colonialism, a phenomena which persists to this day, albeit with
some new components. Contemporary cases of colonialism include the Brazilians and Venezuelans in Yanomami territory, Indonesians in Irian Jaya, Chinese in Tibet, and Euroamericans in Hawaii, and all involve various degrees and kinds of violence. Even less recognized is the integral role which anthropology played--- and continues to play--- in this holocaust. The world and anthropology have yet to be decolonized. The relative silence about these matters during the Columbian Quincentennial a few years ago still resounds. This is the general context for the intellectual, political, and moral explorations in this course.
What is the role of violence and war in social, cultural, and political evolution and change, particularly in the "contact" situation? Who are the benefactors and the victims of "progress"? Is the extinction of "primitives" inevitable? How have human rights been involved since World War II? In these contexts what have been the roles of anthropology for better or worse? These are among the pivotal questions to be critically analyzed in this course.
We will focus primarily on anthropological aspects of violence and war as they relate to social and cultural change as well as human rights, especially in the colonial and neocolonial contexts. Anthropology's actual contribution to violence and war through its ideologies and participation in colonialism and the exploitation and oppression of indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities, among other factors, will also be considered. The instructor will discuss the mutual relevance of anthropology and human rights, including his own experience as Chair of the Commission for Human Rights of the American Anthropological Association. He will also discuss in detail the case of the Yanomami based on his fieldwork and publications as well as that of others.
3.
Anth 345 is recommended as a concurrent and complementary course, since it focuses on nonviolence/peace whereas 423 focuses on violence/war.
FORMAT:
The format will include lectures, class discussions, panel discussions, and videos. Active, participatory, and collaborative learning styles will be stressed. The emphasis is on the critical analysis of book length case studies. This course is not writing intensive, but it certainly is reading, thinking, and discussion intensive.
GRADING:
The course grade will be based on mid-term and final take-home essay examinations (20% and 30%), panel discussions of case studies
(40%), and class attendance and participation (10%). Extra credit may be earned by writing reaction papers to any of the reading required or recommended for the course, reaction papers to videos shown in class or recommended, book reviews, and/or research reports. (Prior approval of the instructor must be obtained for book reviews of titles not mentioned in class or for topics for research reports).
READING:
The following textbooks are required (except for Naylor), and are listed in the order in which they will be discussed:
Naylor, Larry L., 1996. Culture and Change: An Introduction. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey (new $22.95/used $17.25).
Maybury-Lewis, David, 1997. Indigenous Peoples, Ethnic Groups, and the State. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon (13.25/9.90).
Ferguson, R. Brian, and Neil L. Whitehead, eds., 1992. War in the Tribal Zone: Expanding States and Indigenous Warfare. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press (19.95).
O'Connor, Geoffrey, 1997. Amazon Journal: Dispatches from a Vanishing Frontier. New York, NY: E.P. Dutton (25.95/19.50).
Elsass, Peter, 1992. Strategies for Survival: The Psychology of Cultural Resilience in Ethnic Minorities. NY: New York University Press (19).
Nordstrom, Carolyn, and Antonius C.G.M. Robben, eds., 1995. Fieldwork Under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival.Berkeley: University of California Press (15.95/12).
The above texts are available on 2-day loan from the Reserve at Sinclair Library as well as in the UH Bookstore for those who may wish to purchase some of them.
4.
The following books are also recommended as especially relevant:
Amnesty International, 1992. Human Rights Violations Against Indigenous Peoples of the Americas.
Barnes, R.H., et al., eds., 1995. Indigenous Peoples of Asia.
Barrett, Stanley R., 1997. Anthropology: A Student's Guide to Theory and Method.
Bee, Robert L., 1974. Patterns and Processes: An Introduction to Anthropological Strategies for the Study of Sociocultural Change.
Burger, Julian, 1987. Report from the Frontier: The State of the World's Indigenous People.
Chambers, Erve, 1989. Applied Anthropology: A Practical Guide.
Ewen, Alexander, 1994. Voice of Indigenous Peoples.
Galtung, Johan, 1994. Human Rights in Another Key.
Harrison, Faye V., 1991. Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving Further Toward an Anthropology for Liberation.
Keesing, Felix M., 1952. Cultural Change: An Analysis and Bibliography of Anthropological Sources to 1952.
Lawson, Edward, ed., 1991. Encyclopedia of Human Rights.
Miller, Marc, et al., 1993. State of the Peoples: A Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger.
Moody, Roger, ed., 1988. The Indigenous Voice: Visions and Realities, vols. 1-2.
Paine, Robert, ed., 1985. Advocacy Anthropology: First Encounters.
Perry, Richard J., 1996. From Time Immemorial: Indigenous Peoples and State Systems.
Renner, Michael, 1996. Fighting for Survival: Environmental Decline, Social Conflict, and the New Age of Insecurity.
Thomas, Jim, 1993. Doing Critical Ethnography.
van Willigen, John, 1993. Applied Anthropology.
Wolf, Eric R., 1982. Europe and the People Without History.
Wright, Ronald, 1992. Stolen Continents: The Americas Through Indian Eyes Since 1492.
The two reference works listed below are useful for key concepts with which students should become familiar such as acculturation, assimilation, advocacy, colonialism, cultural relativism, culture, diffusion, diasporas, ethnicity, ethnocentrism, ethnocide, ethnogenesis, folk-urban continuum, frontier, functionalism, genocide, Green Revolution, historical particularism, human rights, indigenous peoples, Marxism, millenarian movements, original affluent society, postcolonialism, primitivism, self-determination, state, and world systems theory.
Barfield, Thomas, ed., 1997. The Dictionary of Anthropology.
Levinson, David, and Melvin Ember, eds., 1996. The Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology.
Two useful bibliographies on anthropological aspects of human rights are:
5.
Committee for Human Rights of the American Anthropological Association, 1998. Anthropological Aspects of Human Rights: A Curriculum Resource Guide, draft.
Downing, Theodore E., Gilbert Kushner, et al., 1988. Human Rights and Anthropology ("Anthropology and Human Rights: A Selected Bibliography," pp. 125-196).
Journals which often have relevant articles include:
American Indian Culture and Research Journal E75 .A5124
American Indian Quarterly E75 .A547
Critique of Anthropology GN1 .C73
Cultural Survival Quarterly GN357 .Q37
Current Anthropology GN1 .C8
Dialectical Anthropology HX550 .A56 D53
Third World Quarterly HC59.7 .T458
Human Organization GN1 .H88
Human Rights Journal JQ631 .A1 H8
Human Rights Quarterly JC571 .U64
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs News GN380 .N48
Survival International GN380 .S9 folio
Also see the annual reports of Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.
Several video series are especially relevant: Millennium (10 parts)(6355); The Africans (9 parts)(1609); Mini Dragons II
(Indonesia 10569, Malaysia 10570, Thailand 10571); and USA on Trial: Indigenous Tribunal... (2 parts)(7926).
SCHEDULE (brief overview):
Part I - Introduction
Part II - The Role of Anthropology and Anthropologists
Cases: Kroeber and Ishi, Mead, Turnbull and Ik, and Firth
Critiques: Hymes, Pandian, Fabian, Deloria, and others
Part III - Analyzing Sociocultural Change
Tasmanian extinction
Books: Naylor, Bodley, Maybury-Lewis, Crosby, and Weatherford
Part IV - Components of Change and Violence
Religion (missionaries), politics (war), and economics (mining and oil), Yanomami in Amazon
Part V - Persistence, Resilience, and Self-Determination
Ye'cuana
Book: Elsass
Part VI - Anthropological Fieldwork On and In "Harm's Way"
Book: Nordstrom and Robben
Part VII - The Future of Change, Violence, and Rights
Loss of diversity and future adaptability
Human rights
6.
SCHEDULE (full):
PART I - INTRODUCTION
January 13T Orientation
VIDEO: The Shock of the Other (6355 Pt. 1)
PART II - THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGISTS
Jan 15Th VIDEO: Ishi, The Last Yahi (9383)
Recommended video: Last of His Tribe (Ishi and Alfred Kroeber)
Recommended reading: Chapman, Gruber, Hallowell, Heine-Geldern, Merton 1976, Williams
Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America, Theodora Kroeber, 1965.
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Jan 20T VIDEO: Anthropology on Trial (Margaret Mead) (893)
Recommended reading: Boas, Gellner
Confronting the Margaret Mead Legacy: Scholarship, Empire, and the South Pacific, Leonora Forestel and Angela Gilliam, eds., 1992.
Blood on Their Banner: Nationalist Struggles in the South Pacific, David Robie, ed., 1989.
Jan 22Th CASE STUDY: The sociocultural disintegration of the Ik foragers of Uganda and professional ethics
Recommended reading: Barth, Knight, Turnbull, Charles
The Mountain People, Colin Turnbull, 1972.
Cruel, Poor and Brutal Nations, John Cawte, 1972.
Sick Societies: Challenging the Myth of Primitive Harmony, Robert Edgerton, 1992.
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Jan 27T LECTURE: On the politics and ethics of anthropology
Recommended reading: Albert, AAA, ASAC, Barsh, Berreman, Braroe-Hicks, Cassell, Clemmer, Cruikshank, D'Andrade, Doughty, Downey, Forster, Fluehr-Lobban, Fundacion-Kothari, Hatfield, Hinsley, Jorgensen, Jorgensen-Lee, Marfleet, Marquet, Myers, Richardson, Robins-Scheper-Hughes, Scheper-Hughes, Turner-Nagengast, Wax
Recommended video: Firth on Firth: Reflections of an Anthropologist (10323)
7.
Jan 29Th LECTURE: Is anthropology implicated in colonialism and its inherent racism and ethnocentrism? Critiques by Hymes, Pandian, Fabian, Deloria, Sponsel, and others
Recommended reading: Barroll, Kingsbury, O'Laughlin, Ortiz, Roseberry, Sponsel 92,
Reinventing Anthropology, Dell Hymes, ed., 1969.
Anthropology and the Western Tradition: Toward an Authentic Anthropology, Jacob Pandian, 1985.
Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object, J. Fabian, 1983.
Indians and Anthropologists: Vine Deloria, Jr., and the Critique of Anthropology, Thomas Biolsi and Larry Zimmerman, eds., 1997.
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February 3T LECTURE: The politics of ethnocide, human rights and advocacy: realists versus idealists, and basic versus applied/action/advocacy research
Victims of Progress, John H. Bodley, 1992, Chs. 9-10, Appendix B Declaration of Barbados.
The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence, Staub, Ervin, 1992.
Indians Are Us? Culture & Genocide in Native North America, Ward Churchill, 1996.
Recommended video: The Tribe That Time Forgot (Arawa)(10873)
Feb 5Th Continued
Recommended reading: Baba, Batalla, Bennett, Cohen 96, Esterik, Firth, Grillo, Gurr-Scarritt, Hastrup, Hobben, Jaulin, Kahn, Kushner, Malinowski, Maybury-Lewis, Messer, Miner, Naidu, Sponsel 96, Sturtevant, Tax, Thompson, Turner 91, Wright,
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PART III - ANALYZING SOCIOCULTURAL CHANGE
Feb 10T VIDEO: The Last Tasmanians: Extinction (425)
Recommended reading: Diamond, Jaulin, Kaplan,
The Last of the Tasmanians, David Davies, 1973.
Feb 12Th LECTURE: Patterns and processes of cultural change
Recommended reading: Appell, Beals, Linton, DeWalt, Redfield-Linton-Herskovits, Spicer, Vogt,
Culture and Change: An Introduction, Larry L. Naylor, 1996.
Recommended videos: Culture Change (11132), Man Blong Custom (7354), N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman (1095), Trobriand Cricket (2288)
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8.
Feb 17T LECTURE: The synergy of ecocide, ethnocide, and genocide:
Is this really civilization and progress?
Recommended reading: Jaulin, Sponsel 95,
Bodley, Chs. 1-8. The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance, M.A. Jaimes, ed., 1992.
Feb 19Th CLASS DISCUSSION: Indigenous Peoples, Ethnic Groups, and the State, David Maybury-Lewis, 1992.
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Feb 24T LECTURE: The Columbian exchange and ecological colonialism: How Native Americans and Europeans transformed each other's worlds
Recommended reading: Asad, Baer, Cohen 92, Horvath, Lewis, Pels, Sanjek, Stauder,
The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, Alfred W. Crosby, Jr., 1972.
Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900- 1900, Alfred W. Crosby, Jr., 1986
Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World, Jack Weatherford, 1988.
Recommended video: Trobriand Cricket: An Indigenous Response to Colonialism (2288)
PART IV - COMPONENTS OF CHANGE AND VIOLENCE
Feb 26Th Politics
Violence and warfare in the frontier with colonial expansion
PANEL: War in the Tribal Zone: Expanding States and Indigenous Warfare, R. Brian Ferguson and Neil L. Whitehead, eds., 1992.
Recommended reading:
The Paths of Domination, Resistance, and Terror, Carolyn Nordstrom and JoAnn Martin, eds., 1992.
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Mar 3T Continued
Recommended reading: Besteman, Collier, Condominas, Cultural Survival, DeBiagio, Ehlers, Gordon, Nagengast, Messing, Niestchmann, Nordstrom, Salemink, Wilcken, Wolf,
Mar 5Th VIDEO: Angels of War (New Guinea World War II)(702)
Recommended video: East Timor: Turning a Blind Eye (13680)
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9.
Mar 10T VIDEO: Half-Life: A Parable for the Nuclear Age (851)
Recommended videos: Marshall Islands: Living with the Bomb (1007), Tahitian Witness (2177), To Protect Mother Earth (Shoshone)(5413)
Recommended reading: Alcalay, Barnett,
The Bikinians: A Study in Forced Migration, Robert Kiste, 1974.
Nuclear Playground, Stewart Firth, 1988.
The Shoshoneans, Edward Dorn, 1967.
Mar 12Th VIDEO: Becoming American (7060)
Recommended videos: The Hmong Hill Tribe People of Laos (9903), The Best Place to Live (9652), The Meo (6562)
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Mar 17T Religion
Missionaries and the violation of cultural, religious, and environmental rights
VIDEOS: New Tribes Mission (6695), Ocamo Is My Town (6696), Sky Chief (13744), Vietnam Mission (13740)
Mar 19Th PANEL:
Reading: "Missionaries, Anthropologists, and Human Rights," Thomas N. Headland, ed., 1996 (April), Missiology XXIV(2):162-318.
Recommended reading: Headland-Headland, Sharp, Stipe, van der Geest,
The Pacification of the Pacific, Margaret Rodman and Matthew Cooper, eds., 1979.
The Missionaries: God Against the Indians, Norman Lewis, 1988.
The Jigalong Mob: Aboriginal Victors of the Desert Crusade, Robert Tonkinson, 1974.
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Mar 24&26 ***** SPRING VACATION *****
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Mar 31T Economics
The economic "imperative": Mining and oil in the Amazon
VIDEOS: Contact: Yanomamo of the Orinoco (6696), Yanomami Indians of Brazil (4962), Davi and Goliath
Recommended video: First Contact (4387),
Recommended reading: Highum-Parker, MacBean, Ouden
Apr 2Th PANEL: Amazon Journal: Dispatches from a Vanishing Frontier, Geoffrey O'Connor, 1997.
10.
Recommended reading:
Savages: The Life and Killing of the Yanomami, Dennison Berwick, 1992.
At the End of the Rainbow? Gold, Land and People in the Brazilian Amazon, Gordon MacMillan, 1994.
Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis, Alcida Rita Ramos, 1995
Amazon Stranger: A Rainforest Chief Battles Big Oil, Mike Tidwell, 1996.
First Contact: New Guinea's Highlanders Encounter the Outside World, Bob Connolly and Robin Anderson, 1987.
Ancestral Rain Forests nd the Mountain of Gold: Indigenous Peoples and Mining in New Guinea, David Hyndman, 1994.
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Apr 7T LECTURE: What kind of future might the Yanomami have?
Recommended reading: Sponsel 94, 97
PART V - PERSISTENCE, RESILIENCE AND SELF-DETERMINATION
Apr 9Th PANEL: Strategies for Survival: The Psychology of Cultural Resilience in Ethnic Minorities, Peter Elsass, 1992.
Recommended reading: Collier, Cultural Survival, Goldstone, Wallace
Persistent Peoples: Cultural Enclaves in Perspective, George Pierre Castile and Gilbert Kushner, eds., 1981.
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Apr 14 T Continued
Recommended video: Surviving Columbus: The Story of the Pueblo People (9464)
Apr 16Th Room for optimism?
LECTURE: The Ye'kuana self-demarcation project
VIDEO: White Chief of the Kofan: Randy Borman
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Recommended reading: Arvelo-Jimenez, Turner 92
Part VI - ANTHROPOLOGICAL FIELDWORK ON AND IN "HARM'S WAY"
Apr 21T Anthropological fieldwork in dangerous areas of violence and warfare
11.
PANEL: Fieldwork Under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival, Carolyn Nordstrom and Antonius C.G.M. Robben, eds., 1995.
Recommended reading: Hale, Henry, Khazanov, Mahmood, Sluka,
Surviving Fieldwork, Nancy Howell, 1990.
Dangerous Fieldwork, Raymond M. Lee, 1995.
Anthropology Goes to War: Professional Ethics and Counterinsurgency in Thailand, Eric Wakin, 1992.
Recommended video: New Conflicts (The Africans Pt. 5)(1609)
Apr 23Th Continued
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PART VII - THE FUTURE OF CHANGE, VIOLENCE, AND RIGHTS
Apr 28T VIDEO: Ecology of Mind (Millennium series Pt. 4)(6355)
Recommended video: At the Threshold (Millennium series Pt. 10)(6355), The Turtle People (8508)
Apr 30Th LECTURE: The erosion of cultural and biological diversity as a threat to human adaptability in the future
Recommended reading: Durning, Harmon, Kearney, Solo, Tambiah
The Diversity of Life, Edward O. Wilson, 1992.
Millennium: Tribal Wisdom and the Modern World, David Maybury- Lewis, 1992.
Savages and Civilization: Who Will Survive?, Jack Weatherford, 1994.
Indigenous Anthropology in Non-Western Countries, Hussein Fahim, ed., 1982.
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May 5T LECTURE: Anthropology, cultural change, and human rights: Reflection on the past, present concerns, and future needs and prospects
Recommended reading: Kay-Trask, Noyes, Morauta
Hawai'i: Return to Nationhood, Ulla Hasager and Joanthan Friedman, eds., 1994.
Recommended video: Hawaiian Sovereignty (10136)
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May 12 FINAL EXAMINATION 9:45-11:45
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12.
ARTICLES
Albert, Bruce, 1997. "`Ethnographic Situation' and Ethnic Movements," Critique of Anthropology 17(1):53-65.
Alcalay, Glenn H., 1991. "Nuclear Colonialism in the Pacific," in Women's Voices on the Pacific, L. Foerstel, ed., pp. 92-102.
American Anthropological Association, 1947. "Statement on Human Rights," American Anthropologist 49(4):539-543.
_____, 1990. "Statement on Ethics: Principles of Professional Responsibility," Washington, D.C.: AAA.
Appell, George N., 1975. "The Pernicious Effects of Development," Fields Within Fields 14:31-41.
_____, 1977 (Sept). "The Plight of Indigenous Peoples: Issues and Dilemmas," Survival International Review 2(3):11-16.
_____, 1986. "The Health Consequences of Development," Sarawak Museum Journal XXXVI(57):43-74.
_____, 1988. "Costing Social Change," in The Real and Imagined Role of Culture in Development: Case Studies from Indonesia, Michael R. Dove, ed., pp.
Arvelo-Jimenez, Nelly, 1973. "The Dynamics of the Ye'cuana (Maquiritare) Political System: Stability and Crisis," International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs No. 12.
Asad, Talal, 1991. "From the History of Colonial Anthropology to the Anthropology of Western Hegemony," in Colonial Situations, George W. Stocking, Jr., ed., pp. 314-324.
Association of Social Anthropologists of the Commonwealth, 1988. "ASAC Ethical Guidelines for Good Practice," Current Anthropology 29(3):523-527.
Baba, Marietta L., 1994. "The Fifth Subdiscipline: Anthropological Practice and the Future of Anthropology," Human Organization 53(2):174-191.
Baer, H.A., 1986. "The Concept of Civilization in Anthropology: A Critical Review," in The Burden of Being Civilized: An Anthropological Perspective on the Discontents of Civilization, M. Richardson and M.C. Webb, eds., pp.
Barnett, Michael N., 1997. "The UN Security Council, Indifference, and Genocide in Rwanda," Cultural Anthropology 12(4):551-578.
Barroll, Martin A., 1980. "Toward a General Theory of Imperialism," Journal of Anthropological Research 36(2):174-195.
13.
Barsh, Russel Lawrence, 1988. "Are Anthropologist's Hazardous to Indians' Health," Journal of Ethnic Studies 15(4):1-31.
Barth, Fredrik, 1974. "On Responsibility and Humanity: Calling a Colleague into Account," Current Anthropology 15(1):99-103.
Batalla, G.B., 1970. "Conservative Thought in Applied Anthropology: A Critique," Human Organization 25(2):89-92.
Beals, Ralph, 1953. "Acculturation," in Anthropology Today: An Encyclopedic Inventory, A.L. Kroeber, ed., pp. 621-641.
Bennett, John W., 1996. "Applied and Action Anthropology: Ideological and Conceptual Approaches," Current Anthropology 37(Supplement): 23-53.
Berreman, Gerald D., et al., 1968. "Social Responsibilities Symposium," Current Anthropology 9(5):391-435.
Besteman, Catherine, 1996. "Representing Violence and "Othering" Somalia," Cultural Anthropology 11(1):120-133.
Boas, Franz, 1938 (August 27). "An Anthropologist's Credo," The Nation, pp. 201-204.
Braroe, Niels Winther, and George L. Hicks, 1967. "Observations on the Mystique of Anthropology," The Sociological Quarterly 8(2):173-186.
Cassell, Joan, 1980. "Ethical Principles for Conducting Fieldwork," American Anthropologist 82:28-41.
Chapman, Anne M., 1971 (Mar). "Lola [Selk'nam of Tierra del Fuego]," Natural History LXXX(3):33-41.
Charles, Gilbert, 1992 (Sept). "Hobson's Choice for Indigenous Peoples: Stuck between Cultural Extinction and Misery," World Press 39(9):26-28.
Clemmer, Richard O., 1972. "Resistance and the Revitalization of Anthropologists: A New Perspective on Cultural Change and Resistance," in Reinventing Anthropology, Dell Hymes, ed., pp. 213-247.
Cohen, I. Bernard, 1992(Dec). "What Columbus "Saw" in 1492," Scientific American 267(6):100-106.
Cohen, Mitchell, ed., 1996 (Summer). "Embattled Minorities Around the Globe," Dissent pp. 6-160.
Collier, George, 1994. "The New Politics of Exclusion: Antecedents to the Rebellion in Mexico," Dialectical Anthropology 19(1):1-44.
14.
Condominas, 19732. "Distinguished Lecture: Ethics and Comfort: An Ethnographer's View of His Profession," American Anthropological Association Annual Report 1972 pp. 1-17.
Cruikshank, Julie, 1971. "The Potential of Traditional Societies, and of Anthropology, Their Predator," Anthropologica XIII(1-2):129-142.
Cultural Survival, 1994. "Special Report: Why Chiapas? Cultural Survival Quarterly pp. 14-34.
D'Andrade, Roy, 1995. "Moral Models in Anthropology," Current Anthropology 36(3):399-408.
DeBiagio, Danielle, 1997. "Peace Profile: Rigoberta Menchu," Peace Review 9(1):139-144.
DeWalt, Billie R., 1988. "The Cultural Ecology of Development: Ten Precepts for Survival," Agriculture and Human Values 5(1,2):112-123.
Diamond, Jared, 1988. "In Black and White [Tasmanians]," Natural History pp.
_____, 1988(Aug). "The Last First Contacts," Natural History 28-31.
_____, 1993 (Mar). "Ten Thousand Years of Solitude [Tasmanians]," Discover 14(3):48-57.
Doughty, Paul, 1988. "Crossroad for Anthropology: Human Rights in Latin America," in Human Rights and Anthropology, T.E. Downing and G. Kushner, eds., pp. 43-71.
Downey, Gary Lee, and Juan D. Rogers, 1995. "On the Politics of Theorizing in a Postmodern Academy," American Anthropologist 97:269-281.
Durning, Alan Thein, 1993. "Supporting Indigenous People," in State of the World 1993, Lester R. Brown, ed., pp. 80-100.
Ehlers, Tracy Bachrach, 1990. "Central America in the 1990s: Political Crisis and the Social Responsibility of Anthropologists," Latin American Research Review XXV(3):141-155.
Esterik, Penny van, 1985. "Confronting Advocacy Confronting Anthropology," in Advocacy and Anthropology, Robert Paine, pp. 59-77.
Firth, Raymond, 1981. "Engagement and Detachment: Reflections on Applying Social Anthropology to Social Affairs," Human Organization 40(3):193-201.
15.
Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn, 1995 (June 9). "Cultural Relativism versus Universal Rights," The Chronicle of Higher Education p. B1.
Forster, Peter, 1973. "A Review of the New Left Critique of Social Anthropology," in Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter, Talal Asad, ed., pp. 23-38.
Fundacion Sabiduria Indigena and Brij Kothari, 1997. "Rights to the Benefits of Research: Compensating Indigenous Peoples for their Intellectual Contribution," Human Organization 56(2):127-137.
Gellner, Ernest, 1987. "The Political Thought of Bronislaw Malinowski," Current Anthropology 28(4):557-559.
Goldstone, J.A., 1982. "The Comparative and Historical Study of Revolutions," Annual Review of Sociology 8:187-207.
Gordon, Robert 1987. "Anthropology and Apartheid--- The Rise of Military Ethnology in South Africa," Cultural Survival Quarterly 11(4):58-60.
_____, 1988. "Apartheid's Anthropologists: The Genealogy of Afrikaner Anthropology," American Ethnologist 15(3):535-553.
Grillo, R., 1985. "Applied Anthropology in the 1980s: Retrospect and Prospect," in Social Anthropology and Development Policy, R. Grillo, ed., pp.
Gruber, Jacob W., 1970. "Ethnographic Salvage and the Shaping of Anthropology," American Anthropologist 72:1289-1299.
Gurr, Ted Robert, and James R. Scarritt, 1989. "Minorities Rights at Risk: A Global Survey," Human Rights Quarterly 11:375-405.
Hale, Charles R., 1997. "Consciousness, Violence, and the Politics of Memory in Guatemala," Current Anthropology 38(5):817-838.
Hallowell, A.I., 1965. "The History of Anthropology as an Anthropological Problem," Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 1: .
Harmon, David, 1992. "Indicators of the World's Cultural Diversity," Fourth World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas, Caracas, Venezuela, pp. 1-27.
Hastrup, K., 1990. "Anthropological Advocacy: A Contradiction in Terms?," Current Anthropology 3:301-311.
Hatfield, Colby R., Jr., 1973. "Fieldwork: Toward a Model of Mutual Exploitation," Anthropological Quarterly 46(1):15-29.
Headland, Thomas N., and Janet D. Headland, 1997. "Limitation of Human Rights, Land Exclusion, and Tribal Extinction: The Agta
16.
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Anthro 423 Social and Cultural Change
Spring Semester 1998 UH
Les Sponsel
MID-TERM AND FINAL EXAMINATIONS
Write essays identifying, explaining, critically analyzing, and discussing the three most important points you learned about each of these three topics:
(1) Cultural Change (especially indigenous peoples, European colonialism, and ethnocide (3 points);
(2) Human Rights (individual and group rights) (3 points); and
(3) The Role of Anthropology (including professional ethics and politics) (3 points).
Include an introduction (about 1 page) before starting the three essays, and after the three essays a conclusion (about 1 page). Each of the nine points should be covered in about 1-2 pages. Thus the total length of the essay should be around 10-15 pages (typed, double-spaced).
Your statement should integrate:
(1) considerations from the "Orientation" section of the
course syllabus (pp. 1-2);
(2) material from class lectures, discussions, and videos
(cite dates, e.g., 3/17, and in the case of videos cite the title); and
(3) materials from readings (required) and some recommended
readings, all with citations in the text of the essays (author, date, and page, e.g., Maybury-Lewis 1996:4, 30-31). If the citation is not in the course bibliography (pp. 12-20), then give the full citation in a final "References Cited" section at the end of your essays.
You are welcome to consult the instructor, fellow students, and any other resources, just acknowledge the original source of specific ideas and information as appropriate (e.g., Christopher Columbus, personal communication or email). You are welcome to be critical of any of the material covered in the course.
The mid-term and final examinations are due respectively on March 19 and May 12, the mid-term turned in during class, and the final by noon in the instructor's mailbox (Porteus 346).
The final examination should be a revision of the mid-term in response to the instructor's written comments and material covered in the course between the mid-term and final.